Selangomonus, Wei & Webb & Dai, 2025

Scaphoideus View in CoL generic group

Based on overall appearance, i.e., colour pattern and shape of the head etc., the genera Scaphomonus and Selangomonus gen. nov. (both the subject of the current work) belong to a group of Asian Scaphoideini comprising: Scaphoideus Uhler, 1889 , Melanetettix Knight & Fletcher, 2007 , Scaphoidella Vilbaste, 1968 , Scaphomonoides Li, Dai & Xing, 2011 , Parascaphoidella Wei, Fang & Xing, 2020 and Coroticus Distant, 1918 . Two other genera, Afroideus Linnavuori, 1961 from South Africa and Diemoides Evans, 1938 (see Fletcher 2017) from Australia also resemble these genera externally. Dai & Dietrich (2011) had noted that Scaphoidella externally resembled species of Scaphoideus , Melanetettix and Scaphomonus and these genera were placed together in recent molecular analyses of the tribe ( Cao et al. 2022; El-Sonbati 2024), suggesting the group is worthy of group status as first suggested by Viraktamath & Mohan (2004). The inclusion of Mimotettix Matsumura, 1914 in the group by Cao et al. (2022) and El-Sonbati (2023) needs further study as externally it is distinct as also is Aeternus Distant, 1918 included in the group by Cao et al. (2022) but considered of uncertain tribal placement by Viraktamath et al. (2020). Another genus, Scaphodhara Viraktamath & Mohan, 1994 , also belongs in the group, as although it has different head and thorax markings typical of the group it is indistinguishable from some Asian species of Scaphoideus externally. In addition, it should be noted that a few species of Scaphoideus from Europe, Africa and India have different colour markings and a different shaped vertex to typical species of Scaphoideus (see Webb & Viraktamath 2007). The Asian genera of the Scaphoideus group can be separated by the following key with Coroticus , known only from the female, omitted from the key as males are needed for generic identification. See also Remarks under Scaphomonoides at the end of Taxonomy, and Discussion.

Key to Scaphoideus View in CoL generic group (males) from Asia

1. Head and thorax with red and orange markings on the head and thorax and fine transverse dark lines at the apex of the head ( Fig. 2A–C View Fig ) .................................................................................................. 3

– Head and thorax with a longitudinal broad median ivory or yellowish white stripe (see Viraktamath & Mohan 2004: fig. 28), or vertex with brown longitudinal spindle-shaped marks (see Viraktamath & Mohan 2004: fig. 1) .......................................................................................................................... 2

2. Connective disassociated from aedeagus, with apical processes; intermediate sclerite between aedeagus and connective absent; dorsal connective in pygofer phragma present .............................. ....................................................................................................... Scaphoideus Uhler, 1889 View in CoL (in part)

– Connective articulated with aedeagus, without apical processes; intermediate sclerite between aedeagus and connective present or absent; dorsal connective in pygofer phragma absent ............... ........................................................................................ Scaphodhara Viraktamath & Mohan, 1994 View in CoL

3. Pygofer with or without a tuft of long macrosetae caudally; connective dissociated from aedeagus, with apical processes; dorsal connective in pygofer phragma present ............................................... ....................................................................................................... Scaphoideus Uhler, 1889 View in CoL (in part)

– Pygofer without tufts of long macrosetae caudally; aedeagus articulated with connective, the latter without apical processes; dorsal connective in pygofer phragma absent ......................................... 4

4. Aedeagus with processes basal (sometimes articulating with connective) and sometimes with apical and or preapical processes; gonopore apical or apical on ventral surface ........................................ 5

– Aedeagus with processes apical, preapical or absent; gonopore apical or apical on dorsal surface .. ........................................................................................................................................................... 8

5. Basal processes of aedeagus arising from a short to long preatrium ..... Scaphoidella Vilbaste, 1968 View in CoL – Basal processes of aedeagus arising from near base of shaft (socle) ( Fig. 13E–G View Fig ) ......................... 6

6. Pygofer with caudal process; connective stem moderately long to long ............................................ ................................................................................................. Melanetettix Knight & Fletcher, 2007 – Pygofer without caudal process; connective stem very short ........................................................... 7

7. Valve short; subgenital plate with outer margin concave and tapered to narrow apex; style preapical lobe digitate ................................................................... Parascaphoidella Wei, Fang & Xing, 2020

– Valve long; subgenital plate with outer margin convex, not tapered to narrow apex ( Fig. 13H View Fig ); style preapical lobe not digitate ( Fig. 13D View Fig ) ....................................................... Scaphomonoides Li, 2011

8. Aedeagus with long apical processes or if processes short then with long basal apodeme; gonopore apical; preatrium absent ( Figs 1–2 View Fig View Fig ) .............................................. Scaphomonus Viraktamath, 2009 – Aedeagus without processes or if with a pair of short apical processes then with short basal apodeme and long preatrium; gonopore apical on dorsal surface .............................. Selangomonus gen. nov.