Graphis tenella Acharius (1814: 81)

Graphis tenella Acharius (1814: 81) View in CoL .

Type:—AFRICA. Guinea: ad corticem (H-Ach. 585!, holotype).

Thallus corticolous, pale fawn or greenish gray, smooth or slightly roughened, corticate, dull or glossy. Lirellae erumpent, with a basal to lateral thalline margin, short to elongate, up to 4 mm long, straight, curved or sinuous, irregularly branched, labia convergent, striate, black, disc concealed, not visible from above, ( tenella -morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, transversely 5–9-septate, 17–28 × 5–7 μm.

Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Pantropical, reported from U.S.A., Florida ( Seavey et al. 2017) , Jamaica ( Lücking et al. 2009 as Phaeographis sulcata Müll. Arg. ), Netherlands Antilles (Aptroot & & Sparrius 2008–present), Africa ( type locality), India ( Nagarkar & Patwardhan 1982, as Graphis subglauconigra Nagarkar & Patw. ), Papua New Guinea ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 –present), China, Sri Lanka ( Wolseley et al. 2002), the Philippines ( Pitakpong et al. 2015), and for the first time from Thailand from Vainio (1921). The reference to this species in Buaruang et al. 2017, citing Pitakpong et al. (2015), ( Rivas Plata 1007G), is not from Thailand, but from the Philippines. In Thailand we have collected G. tenella from freestanding deciduos trees, a secondary forest, and in a teak plantation between 10 and 250 m.

Remarks:—Very similar are G. endoxantha Nyl. and G. chlorotica A. Massal , but both differ in having an apically to peripherally carbonized exciple.

Material from Thailand examined:— Kanchanaburi province: Sai Yok district, along the trail from Hellfire Pass Memorial Museum to Konyu Cutting , on a freestanding deciduous tree, 250 m, 14°21’12’’ N, 98°57’18’’ E, 15 December 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41343)— Chumphon province: Pathio district , tambon Chum Kho, in the area of King Monkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Prince of Chumphon campus, in the forest reserve, in a secondary forest, 10 m, 10°26’23’’ N, 99°13’03’’ E, 8 April 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2260, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42470)— Phuket province: Thalang district , in the area of Kho Rang, on bark of an unidentified tree, in a secondary forest, 130 m, 07°53’37’’N, 98°22’49’’ E, 22 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4056 (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42442); dito, in the area of Kho Tosae, in a teak plantation ( Tectona grandis ), 170 m, 07°53’58’’ N, 98°23’57’’ E, 24 April 2012, J. Sutjaritturakan 4107, (hb. K. & J. Kalb 42468) GoogleMaps .

* Graphis tenuirima View in CoL (Shirley, in: Bailey 1892: 34) A. W. Archer (2005: 74). Type:— AUSTRALIA. Queensland: Gladfield near Warwick , C. J . Gwyther ( BRI!, holotype) .

Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 .

Thallus corticolous, whitish gray, off-white or gray, continuous, smooth to uneven, corticate, dull. Lirellae erumpent, with lateral thalline margin, short to elongate, up to 3 mm long, straight, curved or sinuous, simple or rarely rirregularly branched, labia partly divergent, entire, black, glossy, not pruinose, disc partly open, brownish or whitish pruinose ( scripta- morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, submuriform, with 5–7 transverse septa and 0–2 longitudinal septa, 22–25 × 7–8 μm; 19–28 × 7–9 μm (Archer 2009).

Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (anal. K. Kalb).

Distribution and habitat:—Eastern palaeotropics, reported from Papua New Guinea ( Aptroot & Sparrius 2008 – present), Australia ( type locality), the Cook Islands (Archer 2009) and here reported from Thailand for the first time. It was collected in a dry dipterocarp forest and a bamboo scrub from 225 to 420 m elevation.

Remarks:— Graphis tenuirima is very similar to some forms of Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. and differs only in having submuriform ascospores.

Material from Thailand examined:— Chiang Mai province: Mueang district, tambon Su Thep, surroundings of Huay Keaw Waterfall , ca. 6 km E of Chiang Mai, in a light, dry dipterocarp forest, 420 m, 18°48’41’’ N, 98°56’39’’ E. 14 December 2016, J. & K. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41793)— Ratchaburi province: Suan Phueng district , tambon Suan Phueng, trail to Khao Jone Waterfall, bamboo scrub along a creek, 225 m, 13°31’31’’ N, 99°14’24’’ E, 11 December 2015, J. Sutjaritturakan & K. Kalb s.n. (hb. K. & J. Kalb 41457) GoogleMaps .

* Graphis urandrae Vainio (1921: 255) . Fig. 8F View FIGURE 8 . Type :— PHILIPPINES. Luzon : subprovince Sorgoson , Irosin, Elmer 14623, (TUR-Vainio 27876!, lectotype, designated by Lücking et al.

2009: 396).

Thallus corticolous, grey or whitish gray, smooth or somewhat roughened, corticate, dull. Lirellae prominent, with a basal (to lateral) thalline margin, short to elongate, up to 4 mm long, slender, straight, curved or sinuous, simple, rarely trifurcately branched, labia convergent, entire, black, disc concealed, not visible from above, ( hossei -morph). Exciple laterally carbonized; hymenium clear; ascospores 8/ascus, hyaline, transversely (5–) 7-septate, 17–21 × 6–7 μm.

Chemistry: no lichen substances by TLC (anal. J. Sutjaritturakan).

Distribution and habitat:—Probably pantropical, not yet reported from Africa. Reported from Bolivia ( Kukwa et al. 2013), Guatemala ( Lücking et al. 2009), India, the Philippines ( type locality) and here for the first time from Thailand where it is growing on a freestanding Ta-khian tree ( Hopea odorata ) at 4 m elevation.

Remarks:—The species is well characterized in having slender hossei -morph lirella, a laterally carbonized exciple, a clear hymenium and relatively small, transseptate ascospores.

Material from Thailand examined:— Trang province: Hat Samran district, tambon Hat Samran, on a freestanding Ta-khian tree ( Hopea odorata ) along the road from Yan Ta Khao to Thung Yao district , 4 m, 07°12’28’’ N, 99°36’00’’ E, 26 May 2009, J. Sutjaritturakan 2843 & R. Nokkhao (hb. K. Kalb 42465) GoogleMaps .