Red List

Red List status for subg. Vireya

When combined, the Red List assessments of Gibbs et al. (2011) and Argent (2015) examined 400 vireya taxa, of which

201 (50 %) were Red Listed ( Table 1). The percentage Red Listed is similar to or slightly higher than recent assessments for Quercus (53 %), Acer (44 %), and Betulaceae (43 %) ( Oldfield & Eastwood 2007, Gibbs & Chen 2009, Shaw et al. 2014). Magnoliaceae ( Rivers et al. 2016) had a higher percentage of taxa Red Listed (85 %), from a group of 304 taxa. The greatest number of vireya Red List taxa occur in the Vulnerable (60 taxa) and Data Deficient (113 taxa) categories; indeed, the percentage of Data Deficient 6 ratings for vireya (56 %) is high compared with those for Acer (25 %), Quercus (30 %), or Magnoliaceae (38 %) ( Oldfield & Eastwood 2007, Gibbs & Chen

6 Number of Data Deficient taxa / (No. of taxa in Threat categories + Number of Data Deficient taxa) × 100.

2009, Rivers et al. 2016), although Betulaceae was more poorly placed with 80 % of Red List taxa rated Data Deficient ( Shaw et al. 2014). High percentages of Data Deficiency indicate a knowledge and research issue which may hinder development of conservation plans ( Newton & Oldfield 2008, Blackmore et al. 2011, Cires et al. 2013).

Red List analysis for geographic origins of subg. Vireya Among the geographic origins of vireya taxa, New Guinea (91 taxa) and Borneo (33) have the greatest number of Red List taxa, while New Guinea (69) and Sulawesi (13) have the greatest number of Data Deficient taxa (Fig. 1, which displays an eastwards progression of geographic origins from top to bottom). Myanmar and China have the highest percentage of taxa Red Listed ( Table 2), although there are only 12 taxa from those origins. The highest percentages of Red List taxa rated Data Deficient originate from the Moluccas and New Guinea ( Table 2). The Red List score shows that New Guinea, Sumatra, and Sulawesi are priority geographic origins for conservation, followed by the Philippines, China and the Moluccas ( Table 3). New Guinea dominates because of the number of taxa

Origin Red List score = sum of ranking scores for four

Red List factors ( Table 2). Maximum score = 44

New Guinea 35

Sumatra 33

Sulawesi 33

Philippines 29

China 28

Moluccas 24

Borneo 24

Vietnam 22

Myanmar 22

Java & Bali 13

Australia 6

India 6

Malayan Peninsula 4

Lesser Sunda 0

Thailand 0

Taiwan 0

and the number of taxa rated Data Deficient, while Sumatra and Sulawesi rank highly because of Data Deficiency. Borneo, which has the second highest number of Red List taxa, is sixth in the Red List score ranking, because of the relatively low percentages of taxa Red Listed and taxa rated Data Deficient.