Vireya

Subg. Vireya View in CoL ‘in cultivation’

MacKay & Gardiner (unpubl.) found that of the 400 Vireya taxa examined by Argent (2015) and Gibbs et al. (2011), 245 (61 %) were ‘in cultivation’ (using the same definition as in this study), including 80 of the 201 Red List taxa (40 %) ( Fig. 3 View Fig ). When Red List taxa were considered by category, they found that 61 % of taxa in threat categories were in cultivation, but only 23 % of Data Deficient taxa. Vireya taxa were also poorly placed by the BGCI database, with an average of only 2.1 records per taxon for ‘all vireya taxa’ and 0.9 for Red List taxa (MacKay & Gardiner unpubl.), well below the ‘three-or-fewer’ indicator of risk. When taxa in cultivation are considered by geographic origin (Fig. 4), New Guinea is the origin of the greatest number of taxa in cultivation (101 taxa), followed by Borneo (60). Six origins have all their taxa in cultivation (15 taxa in total), and another five origins (Java & Bali, Philippines, Borneo, Moluccas, Malayan Peninsula) have more than 75 % of their taxa in cultivation. The geographic origin with the greatest number of Red List taxa in cultivation ( Fig. 5) is New Guinea (24 taxa), followed by Borneo (20). Three origins ( India, Australia, Vietnam, six taxa in total) have 100 % of their Red List taxa in cultivation, and the Philippines (79 %) and Java & Bali (75 %) have more than 75 % of Red List taxa in cultivation; however, these areas represent only 14 % of the Red List taxa, and the origins with the greatest number of Red List taxa do not reach the 75 % Target (e.g., only 26 % of Red List taxa from New Guinea are in cultivation). Furthermore, the average number of records on the BGCI database is poor: only India (one taxon) and Australia (one taxon) have more than three records per Red List taxon ( Table 6). Of the other origins, the Moluccas (0 records per taxon), Sumatra (0.3), New Guinea (0.6), and Sulawesi (0.7) have an average of less than one BGCI record per Red List taxon.

With respect to taxonomic sections, the largest sections ( Schistanthe : euvireya, Schistanthe : malesia) have the greatest number of taxa in cultivation (Fig. 6). Only Schistanthe : saxifragoides (100 %) and Malayovireya (81 %) have more than 75 % of taxa in cultivation. The greatest number of Red List taxa in cultivation ( Fig. 7 View Fig ) are from Schistanthe : euvireya (29 taxa), followed by Schistanthe : malesia (12 taxa). No taxonomic section has more than 75 % of its Red List taxa in cultivation – the figures range from 64 % for Malayovireya to 14 % for Siphonovireya . Of the sections prioritised in the Red List analysis, Schistanthe : euvireya is in the best position (49 % of Red List taxa in cultivation), while Schistanthe : malesia (35 %) and Hadranthe (18 %) are poorly placed.All taxonomic sections are poorly placed with respect to average number of records per Red List taxon on the BGCI database ( Table 7). Siphonovireya is in the worst position, with an average of 0.1 records per Red List taxon: five other sections have an average of less than 1.0, and three sections have an average of between 1.2 and 1.7.

ranked according to ‘not in cultivation’ score.

Origin ‘Not in cultivation’ score = sum of ranking scores for four ‘not in cultivation’ factors ( Table 8). Maximum score = 40

New Guinea 37

Sumatra 36

Sulawesi 32

Moluccas 31

Borneo 29

Philippines 21

China 19

Myanmar 18

Java & Bali 15

Malayan Peninsula 14

Vietnam 12

Australia 5

India 5

Lesser Sunda 0

Thailand 0

Taiwan 0