Aphidiinae, Haliday, 1833

Key to species of Aphidiinae associated with Hieracium species in Europe (based on females)

1 RS vein reaching forewing margin ( Figs. 1, 3 View FIGURES 1–6 ). Mummy black..................................................................2

- RS vein not reaching forewing margin ( Figs. 7, 8 View FIGURES 7–12 , 13, 17 View FIGURES 13–18 , 21, 23 View FIGURES 19–24 ). Mummy light brown..........................4

2 3RSa vein shorter than 2RS vein ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1–6 ). Petiole short ( Fig. 2 View FIGURES 1–6 )...................... Ephedrus persicae Froggatt

- 3RSa vein longer than 2RS vein ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 1–6 ). Petiole elongate ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 1–6 )............................................................3

3 Flagellomere 1 with constriction in proximal third and substantially longer than flagellomere 2 ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 1–6 )... ........................................................................................ Ephedrus niger Gautier, Bonnamour & Gaumont

- Flagellomere 1 without constriction in proximal third and subequal to flagellomere 2 ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 1–6 ) ................... ............................................................................................................................ Ephedrus plagiator (Nees)

4 Forewing RS+M vein present ( Figs. 7, 8 View FIGURES 7–12 ). Pupation under aphid’s empty skin..........................................5

- Forewing RS+M vein absent ( Figs. 13, 17 View FIGURES 13–18 , 21, 23 View FIGURES 19–24 ). Pupation inside aphid’s empty skin...........................6

5 Antennae 16–17-segmented. Forewing m-cu vein tubular ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 7–12 ). Ovipositor sheath with straight dorsal margin ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 7–12 ) .......................................................................................................... Praon pubescens Starý

- Antennae 18–19(20)-segmented. Forewing m-cu vein nebulus ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 7–12 ). Ovipositor sheath with concave dorsal margin ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 7–12 ) ............................................................................................ Praon yomenae Takada

6 Hypopygium of female with terminal accessory prongs ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 7–12 ) ............ Binodoxys centaureae (Haliday)

- Hypopygium of female without terminal accessory prongs ( Figs. 11 View FIGURES 7–12 , 19, 24 View FIGURES 19–24 )............................................7

7 Ovipositor sheath pointlike and not membranous ventrally ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 7–12 ).........................................................8

- Ovipositor sheath ploughshare-shaped and membranous ventrally ( Figs. 19, 24 View FIGURES 19–24 )....................................10

8 Forewing M and m-cu veins united, forming complete M&m-cu vein ( Figs. 13, 17 View FIGURES 13–18 ). Propodeum with clearly defined pentagonal areola ( Figs. 14 View FIGURES 13–18 )...9

- Forewing M and m-cu veins united, incomplete. Propodeum smooth ( Fig. 15 View FIGURES 13–18 ) ........................................... ................................................................................................................... Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall)

9 Antennae 15–16-segmented. Stigma 4.0–4.5X as long as wide ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 13–18 ). Petiole 3.5X as long as wide at level of spiracles ( Fig. 16 View FIGURES 13–18 ) ................................................................................ Aphidius hieraciorum Starý

- Antennae (17)18–19(20)-segmented. Stigma 3.0–3.8X as long as wide ( Fig. 17 View FIGURES 13–18 ). Petiole 2.5–3.0X as long as wide at level of spiracles ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 13–18 ).) ............................................................ Aphidius funebris Mackauer

10 Propodeum with clearly defined pentagonal areola ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 19–24 ). M and m-cu veins united, forming complete M&m-cu vein ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 19–24 ). Ovipositor sheath wide at midpoint of its length ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 19–24 ).................................... ..................................................................................................................... Monoctonus crepidis (Haliday)

- Propodeum with two divergent carinae at base and not areolate ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 19–24 ). Forewing M vein not present, mcu vein partially developed ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 19–24 ). Ovipositor sheath narrow at midpoint of its length ( Fig. 24 View FIGURES 19–24 )............ ...................................................................................................................... Harkeria angustivalva (Starý)