Anastrepha curvicauda (Gerstaecker)

Anastrepha curvicauda (Gerstaecker) View in CoL , sensu stricto

(Figures: 1A–F; 2A–G; 7A–B)

Toxotrypana curvicauda Gerstaecker 1860: 194 View in CoL . (original description). Type locality: St. Jean [St. John], Virgin Islands ( T ♀ ZMHU)

Mikimyia furcifera Bigot 1884 View in CoL : xxix. (original description). Type locality: Brazil [probably erroneous, stated by Norrbom et al. 1998] (HT ♂ UMO)

Toxotrypana fairbatesi Munro 1984: 160 View in CoL (original description). Type locality: Soledad, Santa Clara, Cuba (HT ♂ SANC). Steyskal 1986: 114 (synonymy)

Anastrepha curvicauda Norrbom et al. 2018a: 838 View in CoL (new combination)

Diagnosis. Scutum mostly yellow with distinct submedial striae, completely separated on anterior margin and distinctly separated from dark spot on the posterior margin, often broken at transverse suture level; sublateral presutural spot usually reduced anteriorly and weakly connected to notopleural spot posteriorly. Pleuron largely yellow with only some brown or black spots on anterior anepisternum, on anepimeron, on anterior margin of katepisternum and on meron, but anatergite stripe always absent. Abdominal tergites always bicoloured with broad black stripes with yellow posterior margin; oviscape ventrally arcuate at about 45°; aculeus tip 0.42-0.47 mm long, gradually tapering towards the apex, with 50–60 of minute denticles on the lateral margins occupying about 45–51% of the apical section. This diagnosis is mainly based on the examination of Mexican specimens from different localities listed in the study material. It differs from the subspecies described here (A. c. flavigaster ) in having distinct black stripes on all abdominal tergites and a presutural sublateral spot often divided by a yellow colour. Mexican populations have been reported to feed exclusively on wild and cultivated fruits of Carica papaya .

Redescription. Head ( Figs. 1A–B,E View FIGURE 1 ): Macrosetae brownish black, very short and weak, medial and lateral verticals visible, 1–3 frontals present, ocellar and orbital setae absent; frons dark brown on lower ventral third, yellow dorsally; ocellar triangle blackish, brown area laterally extended to ocular margins forming prominent band; facial carina and antennal grooves yellow with ventral margin brownish; fascial carina broad, nearly straight in lateral view, ventral margin projected (especially in males); parafacial yellow, sometimes darkened; patch below eye elongate into gena, setulose yellowish; palpus yellow, apical third dark reddish; first flagellomere elongate, about 2.7–3.2 times length of pedicel; occiput yellow, with medial dark stripe on median occipital sclerite from close to neck extending dorsally to anterior suture; and with diffuse stripes on lateral sides of occipital sutures.

Thorax (1C–E): Macrosetae reduced: 2 notopleurals, 1 postsutural supra-alar, 1 postalar, 1 intra-alar, 1 dorsocentral, and 1 apical scutellar seta present; postpronotal and acrostichal setae absent. Postpronotal lobe and scutum including notopleuron non-microtrichose, except along postsutural margin close to postsutural supra-alar setae; scutellum disc mostly non-microtrichose. Mesonotum 3.2–4.1 mm long, 1.8–2.4 mm wide (Ms-ratio= 1.7–2x in males; 1.6-1.9x in females), mostly setulose, excluding extreme anterior portion, from scapular area to near posterior level of postpronotal lobe; medial section with prominent longitudinal indentation, especially crossing transverse suture; postpronotal lobe yellow with dark spot at anterior margin, connected to anterior portion of notopleural stripe. Scutum yellow with brown stripes or blotches; submedial stripes present, from anterior margin to shortly posterior to level of supra-alar seta, often faint on transverse suture; pre-sutural sublateral blotch broad, isolated anteriorly, but posteriorly connected to notopleural stripe; post-sutural sublateral stripe situated close to submedial stripe anteriorly, with posterior end bent laterally crossing over insertion of intra-alar seta; brown mark on scutal posterior edge broad, usually ovoid on anterior margin, spreading onto basal margin of scutellum extending on sides, rest of scutellum yellow including apical margin. Pleuron yellow with dark vertical stripe on anepisternum anteriad to suture; anepimeral vertical stripe crossing sclerite, from wing base to ventral edge; katepisternum and katatergite yellow without brown markings; anatergite with brown spot ventrally in some specimens; meron with brown spot ventrally, close to hind coxa; subscutellum entirely dark brown, and mediotergite with dark stripes on sides. Legs yellow with tawny shades on apical one-third of femora; foreleg yellow, tibia and 1-2 tarsomeres darker on dorsal margin; hind coxa brownish.

Wing (7A–B): Elongate, 9.1–11.9 mm long (W-ratio= 2.8–3.1x in males; 3–3.3x in females); pterostigma longer in females (Pt-ratio= 5.5–7.3x), strongly expanded in males (Pt-ratio= 4.1–5.1x), costal vein in male swollen having 2-3 rows of setae short, stout and spinelike; vein R 2+3 sharply sinuate or bent, usually with 2-3 accessory veins (in Mexican specimens) anteriorly- or posteriorly-directed at or near level of apex of R 1, almost touching each other. Wing pattern with Costal band yellow, unbroken along entire length of anterior margin, covering all of cells bc, c, sc, pterostigma, spread over the entire width of cells r 1, r 2+3, base of cell br, and anterior half of cell r 4+5; cell bm hyaline throughout; cell cua entirely yellow, extending this coloration on basal portion of cell cu 2, and full length of vein Cu 1; V-band missing; crossvein dm-cu orientation strongly oblique; cell cua posteroapical lobe longer than vein A 1 +Cu 2. W/M-ratio= 2.5–2.8x in males; 2.7–3.3x in females.

Abdomen ( Fig. 1F View FIGURE 1 ): Syntergite 1+2 petiolate, long, nearly one-half (0.40–0.45x) of abdominal length, constricted anteriorly, brown spotted basally to mostly brown with apical third or less yellow. T3 of male dark brown on basal two thirds, apically yellow; T4-T5 mostly dark, apical margins yellow; T3-T5 of female brown, approximately apical one-half yellow; T6 mostly yellow, basal margin sometimes dark brown.

Female terminalia ( Figs. 2E–G View FIGURE 2 ): Oviscape length 13.4–22.6 mm (Χ= 20.1 mm), arched ventrally approximately 45°;eversible membrane with dorsobasal denticles strongly sclerotized and arranged in triangular pattern;spermatheca nearly globular with wrinkled surface; aculeus tip tapering gradually to apex, 0.42–0.47 mm long, 0.13–0.14 mm wide basally (Ac-ratio= 3.2–3.4), lateral margins with approximately 50–60 minute serrations, occupying distal 0.19–0.24 mm (45-51% of aculeus tip length).

Male terminalia ( Figs. 2A–D View FIGURE 2 ): Epandrium yellow with posterodorsal margin evenly rounded; proctiger membranous, basally sclerotized; lateral surstylus short and broad, apically rounded; medial surstylus, approximately as long as lateral surstylus, with two robust prensisetae; phallus very elongate, glans mostly translucid, with big basal lobe, and apical sclerite evident.

Material Examined. MEXICO. Chiapas: Mazapa de Madero , 28/III/1984, F Fernández (1♂, 2♀ IEXA) ; same locality, V /1986 (1♂ IEXA) ; El Lagartero, 6/IV/1979, C Beutelspacher (1♂ IEXA) ; Talkián, Unión Juárez, 12-I-2006, tr McPhail (mtDNA). Oaxaca: Chimalapa, Arroyo Pita , 20/ VI /2006 , E Antonio (1♂, 2♀ IEXA); Chimalapa, Rancho Zacatal, E Antonio 17/VII/2007 (1 ♀ IEXA) ; Temascal, 23/X/1963, DH Janzen (1♂ UCB) ; Santa María Chimalapa, ND, 00/ VI /2023, Ex-larvae in Carica papaya (3♂, 6♀ IEXA) . Quintana Roo: F. Carrillo Puerto, Dzulá, 00/06/2016, M. López, ex-larvae Carica papaya (4♂, 2♀ IEXA) . Tamaulipas: Reynosa , El Huisache , 18/I/1936, HS Hensley (1♀ USNM) ; S of Reynosa , 27/XI/ 1935, HS Hensley (1♀ USNM) ; Hacienda Santa Engracia, 21/IV/1905, Baker etal (21♂ USNM) . Veracruz: Est. Biol. Los Tuxtlas , 160 m , 20/VIII/1990, R Pérez and J Valenzuela, ex-larvae Carica papaya (35♂, 25♀ IEXA) ; same data 14/ VI /1990 (4♂, 3♀ IEXA); same locality , 1 III 1985, A Ibarra (1♀ IEXA) ; 13/IV/1986, E Ramírez & P Sinaca (1♀ IEXA) ; 8/X/1985, V Hernández (1♂ IEXA) ; 11-13/VII/1990, R Pérez (1♂, 1♀ IEXA) ; Potrero del Llano , 02/IV/1999, M López (1♂ IEXA) ; same locality 25/III/1999, M López (( 1♀ IEXA); Monte Blanco , 5/III/1991, A Zúñiga & E Piedra (1♂ IEXA) ; Tampico Alto, reared ex fruit “cahuayote cimarron”, 18/XI/1941, AC Baker #1645 (11♂, 8♀ USNM) ; Tuxpan (Tuxpam), 21/IX/1941 (3♂ USNM) ;Apazapan, 20/XI/1991, G Quintero & L Quiroz (1♀ IEXA) ; same locality : 03/ VI /1991 (1♂ IEXA); 31/VII/1991 (1♀ IEXA) ; 5/II/1992 (2♀ IEXA) ; 11/II/1992 (1♀ IEXA) ; 19/II/1992 (2♂, 1♀ IEXA) ; 5/III/1992 (1♀ IEXA) ; 18/III/1992 (1♂, 2♀ IEXA) ; 26/III/1992 (2♀ IEXA) ; 1/IV/1992 (1♀ IEXA) ; 15/IV/1992 (1♀ IEXA) ; 23/IV/1992 (1♂ IEXA) ; 29/ IV/1992 (2♀ IEXA) ; 6/ V /1992 (1♂, 1 ♀ IEXA); 14/ V /1992 (2♂, 3♀ IEXA); 20/ V /1992 (4♂, 4♀ IEXA); 27/ V /1992 (2♂ IEXA); 3/ VI /1992 (1♂ IEXA); 10/ VI /1992 (3♂, 2♀ IEXA); 17/ V /1992 (1♀ IEXA); 24/ VI /1992 (1♂, 3♀ IEXA); Apazapan, Tigrillos, 09-X-2021, V Hernández & F Dzul, Multilure trap (1♂, 5♀ IEXA mtDNA); Apazapan , 25/I/2021, R Lasa (mtDNA) .

Host plants. Carica papaya L. ( Caricaceae ).