Zornia reticulata Sm., A.Rees, Cycl.

Zornia reticulata Sm., A.Rees, Cycl. View in CoL 39, No 2: 205. 1818.

Figs 9B, S View Figure 9 2 View Figure 2

Type: JAMAICA. s.loc., s.d., D.J. Browne s.n. [lectotype LINN–921.23!, designated by Fortuna-Perez and De Azevedo (2011)] .

Hedysarum bifolium Vell., Fl. Flumin. 318. 1825 [1829].

Type: BRAZIL. ‘‘ Habitat inter iliate pascuis Regii Praedii Sanctae Crucis’ ’ [Vellozo, 1827: tab. 147] [lectotype tab. 147 in Vellozo, 1827 (1831), designated by Fortuna-Perez and De Azevedo (2011)] .

Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. subsp. cuyabensis Malme , Arª. Bot. 23A(13): 75. 1931. Type: BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Cuiaba , 23 November 1902, G.O.A. Malme 2611a (holotype S) .

Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. subsp. subperforata Malme, Ark. Bot. 23A(13): 75. 1931. Type: BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Sul: s.loc., November 1901, G.O.A.Malme 114ª (holotype S). Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. f. intermedia Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boissier , ser. 2, 4: 888. 1904. Type: PARAGUAY. s.loc., December 1898 –1899, E. Hassler 5912 (holotype G–00400371!; isotypes BM, K, P).

Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. var. paraguariensis Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boissier , ser. 2, 4: 887. 1904. Type: PARAGUAY. s.loc., 1898–1899, E. Hassler 5115 (holotype G; isotypes BM, F, K, P–02936746!, W).

Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. f. ciliata Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boissier , ser. 2, 4: 887. 1904. Type: PARAGUAY. ‘‘In campo pr. Lacus Ypacaray’’, E. Hassler 3700 [lectotype G designated by Fortuna-Perez and De Azevedo (2011); duplicates BM, F, K, W].

Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. var. rupestris Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boissier , ser. 2, 4: 888. 1904. Type: BRAZIL. s.loc., 1900, E. Hassler 6453 (holotype G; isotypes BM, P, W).

Zornia diphylla (L.) Pers. f. diversifolia Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boissier , ser. 2, 4: 887. 1904. Type: PARAGUAY. s.loc., November 1898 –1899, E. Hassler 3449 (holotype G–00400371!; isotype BM).

Zornia ovata Vogel, Linnaea View in CoL 12: 58. 1838. Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Datas , 28 October 2006, Fortuna-Perez et al. 125 [neotype UEC, designated by Fortuna-Perez and De Azevedo (2011)].

Zornia diphylla View in CoL (L.) Pers. var. pubescens (Kunth) Benth., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 15(1): 82. 1859. Zornia pubescens Kunth View in CoL , Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 6: 515. 1823. Type: COLOMBIA. Fusagasuga, s.d., A.J.A. Bonpland & F.W.H.A. von Humboldt s.n. (holotype B!, B–W 13775).

Zornia reticulata Sm. var. punctata Vogel, Linnaea View in CoL 12: 58. 1838. Type: BRAZIL. s.loc., s.d, F.Sellow s.n. (holotype K). Shrub to ca. 1 m tall. Stems erect, branched, glabrous. Leaves with 2 leaflets, petiolate. Leaflets 10–60 × 5–17 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, pilose to glabrous. Stipules elliptic, 5–9 veined. Inflorescences spiciform, axillary, 40 cm long. Bracteoles 10–15 × 5–7 mm, lanceolate, 5–9 veined, punctate, villous to glabrous, green. Loment with 4–9 articles; articles 1.4–2.5 × 1.9–2 mm, reticulate-veined, bristle-like trichomes 1 mm long.

Distribution and habitat: Antilles, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Porto Rico, Trinidad and Tobago, Venezuela. It occurs in Tropical Dry Forests and Savannas.

Conservation Status: Least Concern (LC). The extent of occurrence demonstrates that the species is found over a wide geographic range. The area of occupancy is substantial enough to indicate that the species is not severely restricted or fragmented within its overall range (EOO= 30,544,071.270 km ²; AOO=2,184.000 km²).

Notes: Although Z. reticulata can mainly be distinguished by its spiciform, axillary, and 40 cm long inflorescences, morphologically it is the most variable of all species of Zornia . This phenotypic plasticity may be influenced by varying environmental conditions throughout the occurrence range of the species in the Neotropics ( Bradshaw, 1965; Scheiner, 1993; Schlichting 1986).

Representative specimen examined: ANTILLES. s.loc., 28 January 1959, G.R. Proctor 18925 (US). ARGENTINA. Misiones: Dep. San Ignácio, 26 March 1970, A. Krapovickas et al. 15717 (P). BELIZE. Western Highway, 11 September 1980, C. Whitefoord 2466 (BM). BOLIVIA. Dep. Beni: Yacuma, Santa Ana, January 1965, O.Braun1 (US). BRAZIL. Bahia: Mucugê, 12 March 2007, A.P.Fortuna-Perez et al.140 (UEC); Distrito Federal: Brasília, 27 January 1966, H.S. Irwin et al. 12063 (NY); Goiás: São Domingos, 19 August 2007, A.P.Fortuna-Perez et al.244 (UEC); Maranhão: Loreto, 15 March 1962, G. Eiten & L. Eiten 3812 (K); Mato Grosso: Cáceres, Faz. Descalvados, 4 November 1978, A. Allem et al. 2394 (NY); Mato Grosso do Sul: Campo Grande , Campo Grande para Aquidauana, 14 December 1976, G.Shepherd et al.4088 (F); Minas Gerais: Diamantina, 27 October 2006, A.P.Fortuna-Perez et al. 122 (UEC); Pará: Reserva Florestal de Gorotire, Rio Fresco, 17 January 1983, G.K.Gottsberger & D.A.Posey 19–17183 (NY); Paraná: Jaguariaiva, 18 January 1965, L.B. Smith et al. 14745 (P); Pernambuco: Ibimirim, 2 June 1982, M. Ataide et al. 48 (IPA); Rio Grande do Sul: São Leopoldo, February 1941, E. Leite 2420 (NY); Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 1843, M. Weddel 208 (P);

Roraima: Alto Alegre , 17 June 1986, M.J.G. Hopkins et al. 827 (NY) ; Santa Catarina: Florianópolis , 17 March 1971, A. Bresolin 192 (NY) ; São Paulo: Distrito de Rubião Júnior, Estância Santa Catarina, Botucatu , 03 October 2015, W. Vargas 22 (BOTU). COSTA RICA. Prov . Alajuela: s.loc.,

24 November 1990, P. Döbbeler 5796 (M). CUBA. Prov. Las Tunas: Zarandico , 22 July 1996, L. Rico et al.2120 (K). DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Leonór , 5 December 1930, E.J. Valeur 576 (P). EL SALVADOR. San Salvador: s.loc., 1922, S.Calderón 1288 (US). EQUADOR. Isla Punà: s.loc ., 6 May 1987, J.E.Madsen 63277 (K). FRENCH GUIANA. Cayenne: s.loc., 1859, Sagot s.n. (P). HONDURAS. Dursuna Forest , 4 February 1981, G.R. Proctor 38884 (BM). JAMAICA. s.loc ., January 1850, P. Brown s.n. (K). NICARAGUA. Nueva Segovia: s.loc ., 10–13 August 1977, W.D. Stevens 3291 (MEXU). PANAMA. Chiriqui: s.loc ., April 1858, M.Wagner 308 (M). PARAGUAY. Paraguari: s.loc ., January 1877, B. Balansa 1523 (P). PORTO RICO. Bayamon: s.loc ., 22 August 1963, H.S. McKee 10597 (K). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO. Centeno: s.loc ., 2 November 1989, W. Johnson 252 (BM). VENEZUELA. Bolívar: Villa Lola , 16 August 1989, F. Zuloaga et al. 4491 (K).