Cheilosia, Meigen, 1822

Taxonomic key to the immature stages of the Cheilosia View in CoL boring in roots and stems

A key to all known larvae/puparia of Cheilosia boring in roots and stems with a description is provided to facilitate identification of the species. This key was elaborated by the examination of C. canicularis and C. vernalis together with the descriptions by Smith (1979), Rotheray (1988, 1990, 1991, 1999), Brunel & Cadou (1990), Schmid (1999), Stuke (2000) and Stuke & Carstensen (2000, 2002). It must be considered that Stuke (2000) described C. himantopa as C. canicularis , and vice versa (see Discussion).

1. PRP with a projection in the middle of the spiracular plate (see Rotheray 1988: fig. 2) .................... ..................................................................................................................... C. albipila Meigen, 1838 View in CoL

– PRP without projection in the middle of the spiracular plate ........................................................... 2

2. PRP: spiracular plate with spiny projections in the margin .............................................................. 3

– PRP: spiracular plate without marginal spiny projections ................................................................ 5

3. PRP: spiracular plate with four pairs of spiny projections in the margin (see Rotheray 1991: fig. 10) ...................................................................................................... C. albitarsis Meigen, 1822

– PRP: spiracular plate with three pairs of spiny projections in the margin ........................................ 4

4. Head skeleton: one large and two small pairs of mouth-hooks ................. C. variabilis Panzer, 1789

– Head skeleton: three to four pairs of similar size mouth-hooks ................. C. illustrata Harris, 1780

5. PRP: lateral margins conspicuously raised (see Rotheray 1988: fig. 9) ......... C. grossa Fallén, 1817

– PRP: lateral margins not conspicuously raised ................................................................................. 6

6. PRP: spiracular plate with indistinct and variable form of spiracular openings (see Rotheray 1988: fig. 6) .......................................................................................................... C. fraterna Meigen, 1830

– PRP: spiracular plate with three or more spiracular openings .......................................................... 7

7. PRP: spiracular plate with three spiracular openings ....................................................................... 8

– PRP: spiracular plate with four or more spiracular openings ..........................................................11

8. PRP: spiracular plate with curved serrated spiracular openings .................. C. impressa Loew, 1840

– PRP: spiracular plate with curved non-serrated spiracular openings ............................................... 9

9. Head skeleton: with three pairs of mouth-hooks ................................. C. pubera (Zetterstedt, 1838)

– Head skeleton: with four pairs of mouth-hooks ............................................................................. 10

10. Head skeleton: small pair on the inner margin of the first large hook (not visible laterally) .............. ..................................................................................................................... C. antiqua Meigen, 1822

– Head skeleton: all pairs of mouth-hooks on the same margin ........... C. latifrons (Zetterstedt, 1843)

11. PRP: spiracular plate with curved serrated spiracular openings ....... C. bergenstammi Becker, 1894

– PRP: spiracular plate without serrated spiracular openings ........................................................... 12

12. Head skeleton: with only one pair of mouth-hooks ........................... C. proxima (Zetterstedt, 1843)

– Head skeleton: with three or four pairs of mouth-hooks ................................................................ 13

13. Head skeleton: four pairs of mouth-hooks ...................................................................................... 14

– Head skeleton: three pairs of mouth-hooks .................................................................................... 16

14. PRP: all surface wrinkled ........................................................................... C. lasiopa Kowarz, 1885

– PRP: surface with some smooth parts ............................................................................................ 15

15. PRP: wrinkled surface at the base, then smooth apically (see Brunel & Cadou 1990: fig. 2e) ........... ..................................................................................................................... C. vulpina Meigen, 1822

– PRP: smooth surface at the base, then wrinkled at the rest ....................... C. vernalis (Fallén, 1817)

16. PRP dorsal view: tapering from the base to the tip ............................... C. himantopa (Panzer, 1798)

– PRP dorsal view: rectangular form………………………………….… C. canicularis (Panzer, 1801)