Ectomocoris cordiger Stål, 1867

Ectomocoris cordiger Stål, 1867 View in CoL

( Figs 1–18 View Figs 1–3 View Figs 4–6 View Figs 7–9 View Figs 10–18 )

Ectomocoris cordiger Stål, 1867: 256 View in CoL (original description). Type locality: India.

Eumerus ( Eumerus) cordiger : STÂL (1874): 62 (new combination).

Ectomocoris cordiger View in CoL : MALDONADO CAPRILES (1990): 352 (catalogue).

Pirates adjunctus Walker, 1873: 114 (original description). Type locality: India.Synonymized by DISTANT (1904: 295). Confirmed synonymy.

Ectomocoris picturatus Distant, 1919: 74 View in CoL (original description). Type locality: India. New junior subjective synonym.

Ectomocoris picturatus View in CoL : MALDONADO CAPRILES (1990): 355 (catalogue).

Type material examined. Ectomocoris cordiger : LECTOTYPE (present designation), ♀, “Typus” // “Ind. or / bor.” // “Signoret” // “cordiger Stål ” // “492 / 83” // “NHRS-GULI / 000000105” ( NHRS).

Pirates adjunctus : LECTOTYPE (present designation): Ô, “ LECTOTYPE ” [purple-margined disc] // “ Type ” [green-margined disc] // “58. / 60.” [blue disc] – “ E. Ind ” [on reverse] // “67. PIRATES ADJUNCTUS ” // “NHMUK 013588460” ( NHM) . PARALECTOTYPE: 1 ♀, “Ind” // “Saunders. / 65.13.” // “ Pirates adjunctus Walker’s Catal.” ( NHM).

Ectomocoris picturatus : LECTOTYPE (present designation): ♀, “ LECTOTYPE ” [purple-margined disc] // “Chikkaballapura / S. India. / T.V. Campbell. ” // “S. India./ T.N.Campbell. / 1915-60.” // “ Ectomocoris / picturatus / type Dist.” // “NHMUK 013588458” ( NHM) .

Additional material examined. INDIA: 1 Ô, “South India / T. V. Campbell / Coll. B.M. 1930-599.” ( NHM); 1 Ô 1 ♀, “Calcutta” ( NHM); 1 ♀, “India. / Weston Coll.” // “B.M. 1924-199.” ( NHM); 5 ÔÔ 5 ♀♀ (1 Ô dissected), “2010-2014” // “INDIA, Andhra Pradesh / Nellore District / Naidupet mandal / Dwarakapuram village” ( CAU). NEPAL: 1 ♀, “Hile” // “ 2070m Dhankuta” // “Nepal Nov.2” // “1979 / M. Sato leg.” ( NMNS).

Diagnosis. Macropterous, medium-sized. Blackish brown to black, most parts of antennae and legs yellow, hemelytron with yellowish white, oval spot involving apical 1/2 to 2/3 of clavus and adjoining area of corium between veins Pcu+1A and Cu, and small, yellowish, round spot in inner cell of membrane. Lateral tubercles of neck tiny; median part of posterior margin of pronotum almost straight, lateral part slightly concave; apex of scutellar process knob-shaped, apex slightly directed obliquely backward in lateral view; protibia with fossula spongiosa occupying over 2/3 of tibial length, mesotibia with fossula spongiosa occupying about 1/2 of tibial length; in male, ventral surface of abdomen carinate in middle, seventh sternite without extragenital process; male genitalia with median pygophore process wavy and gradually tapered to extremely sharp apex in caudal view, blade-shaped, apical 1/3 gradually tapered, basal part with knobbed process in lateral view; apical margin of dorsal phallothecal sclerite nearly straight; lower corner of inner margin of lateral phallothecal sclerite with two sharp processes and lower one extending to venter of phallus.

Redescription. Macropterous male ( Figs 4–6 View Figs 4–6 ) and female ( Figs 1–3 View Figs 1–3 , 7–9 View Figs 7–9 ) known.

Coloration blackish brown to black ( Figs 1–9 View Figs 1–3 View Figs 4–6 View Figs 7–9 ). Antennae yellow; first two visible labial segments dark brown, third segment yellowish brown; coxae and trochanters of legs yellowish brown, tibiae and femora of legs yellow, with most bases and most apices somewhat yellowish brown, tarsi of legs yellow, with apices yellowish brown; hemelytron with yellowish white, oval spot involving apical 1/2 to 2/3 of clavus and adjoining area of corium between veins Pcu+1A and Cu, membrane greyish brown with small, yellowish, round spot in inner cell; basal external corner of each connexival segment with small yellow spot.

Structure. Medium-sized. Lateral margins of head and pronotum covered with brown setae; dorsal surface of head, stripes on anterior pronotal lobe, lateral area of posterior pronotal lobe, and lateral area of corium covered with yellowish-white, procumbent, short pubescence; thoracic pleura and abdominal sterna densely covered with yellowish-white, procumbent, short pubescence and golden, relatively long pubescence; legs densely covered with yellowish-white, procumbent pubescence and yellowish-brown, suberect or erect, thick setae of varying lengths, ventral surface of mesofemur also covered with several brown, thick setae.

Head moderately elongate, anteocular part about 2.28 times as long as postocular part, postocular part protruding laterally in female ( Figs 1 View Figs 1–3 , 7 View Figs 7–9 ); antenna inserted near anterior margin of eye, scape thickest and shortest, last three antennomeres gracile with pedicel longest; first and second visible labial segments thick, third segment noticeably tapered, second segment longest with basal half slightly swollen; eye reniform in lateral view, reaching both upper and lower margins of head in male ( Fig. 6 View Figs 4–6 ), reaching upper margin but not reaching lower margin of head in female ( Figs 3 View Figs 1–3 , 9 View Figs 7–9 ); width of interocular space subequal to width of eye in dorsal view in male ( Fig. 4 View Figs 4–6 ), but slightly longer than width of eye in female ( Figs 1 View Figs 1–3 , 7 View Figs 7–9 ), with shallow, longitudinal groove in middle; ocelli large, conspicuously raised, separated from each other by about one width of ocellus; neck short, lateral tubercles of neck tiny.

Pronotum with collar process not developed, apex rounded, slightly produced forward; anterior pronotal lobe with thin, shallow, median longitudinal sulcus, stripes distinct and covered with short pubescence; pronotal transverse sulcus deep; median part of posterior margin of pronotum almost straight, lateral part slightly concave, lateral pronotal angle round; meso- and metathoracic pleura and sterna finely granulose; mesosternum carinate, metasternum slightly tumid in middle; disc of scutellum flat, Y-shaped ridges robust, apex of scutellar process knob-shaped, apex slightly directed obliquely backward in lateral view. Legs with procoxa long and thick; profemur thickest with distinct thin ridge on ventral surface, mesofemur slightly thicker than metafemur; apices of pro- and mesotibiae extended into lobe, protibia with fossula spongiosa occupying over 2/3 of tibial length, mesotibia with fossula spongiosa occupying about 1/2 of tibial length. Hemelytron surpassing tip of abdomen in male ( Fig. 4 View Figs 4–6 ), nearly reaching ( Fig. 7 View Figs 7–9 ) to just reaching ( Fig. 1 View Figs 1–3 ) tip of abdomen in female.

Abdomen of male oval, width subequal to width of posterior pronotal lobe, ventral surface carinate in middle, seventh sternite without extragenital process; abdomen of female fusiform with connexivum slightly dilated laterally and upturned.

Male genitalia with pygophore oval ( Fig. 10 View Figs 10–18 ), median pygophore process wavy and gradually tapered to extremely sharp apex, dorsal surface ridged in middle, slightly oblique to right side in caudal view ( Fig. 11 View Figs 10–18 ), blade shaped, apical 1/3 gradually tapered, basal part with knobbed process in lateral view ( Fig. 12 View Figs 10–18 ); paramere broad, subtriangular with outer margin arcuate, apex of paramere with small mastoid process ( Figs 13, 14 View Figs 10–18 ), left paramere ( Fig. 13 View Figs 10–18 ) longer and straighter than right ( Fig. 14 View Figs 10–18 ); phallus in resting condition ( Figs 15–18 View Figs 10–18 ) with basal plate bridge slightly shorter than basal plate ( Fig. 15 View Figs 10–18 ); pedicel weakly curved, slightly shorter than basal plate ( Figs 17, 18 View Figs 10–18 ); dorsal phallothecal sclerite broad and strongly sclerotized, subrectangular with apical margin nearly straight ( Fig. 15 View Figs 10–18 ); lateral phallothecal sclerite strongly sclerotized ( Fig. 16 View Figs 10–18 ), lower corner of inner margin with two sharp processes and lower one extending to venter of phallus ( Figs 16, 18 View Figs 10–18 ).

Measurements [in mm, Ô (n = 3), ♀ (n = 5)]. Body length 11.87–13.33 (Ô), 13.89–14.88 ( ♀); maximum width of abdomen 3.21–3.46 (Ô), 3.77–3.88 ( ♀); head length 2.13 (Ô), 2.19–2.30 ( ♀); head width 2.13 (Ô), 1.42–1.59 ( ♀); length of anteocular part 0.91–0.92 (Ô), 0.97–0.99 ( ♀); length of postocular part 0.38–0.39 (Ô), 0.41–0.48 ( ♀); width of eye 0.49–0.51 (Ô), 0.42–0.51 ( ♀); width of interocular space 0.50 (Ô), 0.56–0.58 ( ♀); distance between ocelli 0.26–0.28 (Ô), 0.22–0.27 ( ♀); lengths of antennomeres I: II: III: IV = 0.17: 2.18: 1.72:? (Ô), 1.03–1.12: 1.99: 1.70:? ( ♀); lengths of labial segments I: II: III = 0.70–0.71: 1.19–1.25: 0.61 (Ô), 0.74–0.75: 1.26–1.30: 0.71–0.73 ( ♀); length of anterior pronotal lobe 2.15–2.29 (Ô), 2.16–2.38 ( ♀); length of posterior pronotal lobe 0.89–0.99 (Ô), 1.02–1.10 ( ♀); width of anterior pronotal lobe 2.33–2.51 (Ô), 2.53–2.80 ( ♀); width of posterior pronotal lobe 3.16–3.28 (Ô), 3.22–3.59 ( ♀); length of scutellum 1.11–1.18 (Ô), 1.20–1.61 ( ♀); maximum width of scutellum 1.28–1.30 (Ô), 1.45–1.92 ( ♀); length of hemelytron 8.48–8.80 (Ô), 8.30–9.39 ( ♀).

Distribution ( Fig. 19 View Fig ). Bangladesh ( DISTANT 1904), India ( WALKER 1873, DISTANT 1904), Iran ( GHAHARI et al. 2024), Iraq ( CHINA 1938), Nepal ( WALKER 1873), Saudi Arabia ( LINNAVUORI 1986), Sri Lanka ( DISTANT 1904).

Comments on synonyms. STÂL (1867) described Ectomocoris cordiger based on the female type ( Figs 1–3 View Figs 1–3 ) collected from India. DISTANT (1904) synonymized the Indian species, Pirates adjunctus Walker, 1873 , with E. cordiger . He noticed one important diagnostic character of this species, i.e., “a small spot on outer area of basal cell to membrane, luteous” ( STÂL 1867, DISTANT 1904). We examined two type specimens of P. adjunctus deposited in NHM with the male one designated here as the lectotype ( Figs 4–6 View Figs 4–6 ), and further confirmed the synonymy proposed by DISTANT (1904).

Later, DISTANT (1919) described another Indian species, E. picturatus , without any comparison with E. cordiger and did not mention the characteristic small yellowish spot in the description, which might be the reason why he treated it as a different species. After examining the type specimen of E. picturatus ( Figs 7–9 View Figs 7–9 ) deposited in NHM, we found that there is also a small yellowish spot in the inner cell of the membrane, but it is indeed obscure due to the colour fading of the type specimen ( Fig. 7 View Figs 7–9 , in blue circle). Besides, we cannot find any other valuable and stable morphological characters to distinguish the type specimens of E. cordiger and E. picturatus , thus E. picturatus should be regarded as a junior subjective synonym of E. cordiger .