Exphora kalalaoensis Junkiert & Walczak, 2021

Exphora kalalaoensis Junkiert & Walczak View in CoL sp. nov.

( Figs 1B View Fig , 2B View Fig , 3B View Fig , 8–9 View Fig View Fig )

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Material examined

Holotype

1 ♂ / Exphora kalalaoensis sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Ile Sainte Marie / forêt de Kalalao / III-60 Andria R. [white label]; INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR [light green label]; Coll. R.I.Sc.N.B. [blue label] ( RBINS).

Paratypes

2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ / Exphora kalalaoensis sp. nov. / Junkiert & Walczak det. 2018 [red label]; Ile Sainte Marie / forêt de Kalalao / III-60 Andria R. [white label]; INSTITUT / SCIENTIFIQUE / MADAGASCAR [light green label]; Coll. R.I.Sc.N.B. [blue label] ( RBINS) .

Description

Body length 10.7–11.1 mm.

Head. Metope almost twice as long as wide, lateral margins slightly arched and extended laterally at level of 3/ 4 in its lower part, then narrowing to metopoclypeal suture. Dorsal margin of metope weakly arcuately but distinctly concave. Median keel distinct, running through metope and metopoclypeal suture ( Fig. 2B View Fig ). Metopoclypeal suture elongate (about 1/4 shorter than metope) and triangular. Lateral keels present and distinct. In lateral view, metope distinctly convex, whereas metopoclypeal suture almost straight, the median keel in lateral view gently arches over surface of metopoclypeal suture, and it also protrudes above surface of metope, but in lateral view it is almost all covered by also protruding lateral keels. Eyes not quite round (hind edge of the eye almost straight). Coryphe almost 1.5 times as wide as long, with anterior margin convex and strongly angular and posterior margin distinctly arcuately concave.

Pronotum and mesonotum. Pronotum bluntly rounded anteriorly, distinctly concave posteriorly. Mesonotum weakly convex, with three parallel keels: median keel is in its anterior part joined to two slanting lines converging to each other almost at right angle and thus forming an arrow-shaped structure. Both edges of arrow are joined to two lateral keels.

Fore wings. Clavus elongate, reaching almost 2/3 the length of the whole wing, of hyperpterism type. Costal area well developed with 12–15 cells between CA and Pc+CP; ScP+R short; RA two-branched; RP with 6–9 (mostly 7–8) terminals; MP separating before nodal line; MP1+2 separating before nodal line, 3–4 terminals (mostly 3), after the last terminal, clearly forked at the same level as stigma; MP3+4 separating before nodal line; with 1 terminal; MP4 single, MP3 short, with 1 terminal, separating before nodal line. CuA forking before nodal line and before MP; two or three transverse veins connecting CuP and PCu+A1 (one vein connecting CuP and PCu before joining with A1 and one or two connecting CuP and PCu+A1). A1 running parallel to posterior margin of clavus. Cubital cell at least twice as long as postcostal cell, radial cell and median cell. Radial cell separated by a transverse vein. C1 usually separated by a transverse vein. C1 based well before C2–C5; C2 and C 4 in contact sharing MP margin. C1 longer than C2, C3 and C4, C5 about 2 times longer than C2, C3 and C4. Seventeen to twenty-one apical cells. Stigma well visible, including cell created by disjunction of ScP+RA (with dark brown spot within cell) and 4–5 short veins running to edge of wing (slightly paler cells) ( Fig. 3B View Fig ).

Hind wings. Well developed, 4/5 of the fore wings’ length. Hyaline with brown veins. Almost twice long as wide in midline (ratio length to width: 2.2–2.4). Twelve apical cells ( Fig. 3B View Fig ).

Legs. Prothoracic and mesothoracic legs: Femur about 2/3 of tibia length, irregular in cross-section, margins of femur covered with small bristles, inner margin bear small spines. Tibiae long and thin, trapezoidal in cross-section, margins covered with small bristles, lateral margins with double row of bristles.

Metathoracic legs. Metafemur margins covered with small bristles. Metatibia twice as long as metafemur, triangular in cross-section with concave ventral side. Margins of metatibia covered with small, barely visible bristles. Lateral margin with four lateral spines, three of which are distinct and one weakly visible. Metatibiotarsal formula 8/8/2.

Colouration. General colouration yellowish-brown. Metope with keels distinctly red, between lateral and median keels red-brown stripes passing (but thinner than in the previous species) along the metope. Eyes distinctly darker than background. Ocelli with delicate rim, blurred at the back. Posterior margin of pronotum and mesonotum contoured by a distinct dark line, similar to all darkly marked convex keels on mesonotum. Lateral margins of tergites of abdomen brown. Wings hyaline with brown veins. All legs in the same colour as the rest of the body. Femur and tibia colouration uniform yellowish-brown, spines brown, darker than tibia, the sharp end of the spike black.

Genitalia. Male. Pygofer with hind margin convex. Aedeagus s.l. U-shaped, robust (thick) in lateral view. Ventral phallobase reaching half-length of aedeagus. Each dorso-lateral phallobase lobe with one long apical finger-shaped process bearing abundant small denticles. Subapical process smaller and sharp ended. Aedeagus s.s. with inner part club-shaped, outer part lobate, narrow on the whole length, slightly sharpened with delicate indentation on its apical part ( Fig. 8A View Fig ). Anal tube rather robust, enlarged apically in dorsal view with slightly convex lateral margin in the middle; anal column short, about 0.43 times anal tube length ( Fig. 8B View Fig ). Gonostyle triangle-shaped (but slightly elongated) with smooth roundish edges, lateral margin of gonostyle slightly concave; capitulum wide and folded, bearing subapical spiralling tooth on inner side ( Fig. 8C View Fig ).

Female. Genitalia with anal tube relatively short, broadly rounded in dorsal view. Gonapophyses VIII (first valvula) rather triangular, elongated, strongly sclerotized and bearing two teeth on dorsal margin and one relatively large tooth, bearing smaller subapical tooth ( Fig. 9A View Fig ). Gonapophyses VIII not visible externally, covered by gonoplacs. Gonapophyses IX (second valvular) confluent with endogonocoxal processes forming triangular structure ( Fig. 9B View Fig ). Gonoplac (third valvula) semi-circular in lateral view ( Fig. 9C View Fig ). Median part of sternite VII with shallow roundish incision in the middle.

Measurements (in mm, females in parentheses). Body length: 10.13 (10.69–11.0); head width (with eyes): 1.81 (1.89–1.93); metope length: 1.93 (1.90–2.01); metope width: 1.10 (1.20–1.21); metope length/metope width ratio: 1.75 (1.58–1.66); coryphe length: 0.49 (0.44–0.48); coryphe width: 0.83 (0.89); coryphe length/ coryphe width ratio: 0.49 (0.44–0.48); fore wing length: 8.34 (9.17–9.25); fore wing width: 3.77 (4.51–4.66); mesonotum length: 1.81 (1.88–1.97); mesonotum width: 2.01 (2.08–2.27).

Diagnosis. Exphora kalalaoensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species by a stigma which includes cell created by disjunction of ScP+RA (with dark brown spot within cell) and 4–5 short veins running to edge of wing, metope with wide brown stripes, anal tube with obtuse lateral margins, shape of style, aedeagus and its processes.

Etymology. The name of species is connected with place where specimens were collected, Kalalao Forest, Sainte Marie Island, Madagascar.

Distribution. Madagascar, Nosy Boraha (fr. Île Sainte-Marie), Kalalao Forest [ 16°55’32.1” S, 49°53’10.0” E] ( Fig. 7 View Fig ).