Blaesoxipha, Loew. With, 1861

Blaesoxipha View in CoL clade

This clade received strong support and it is composed of the genera Blaesoxipha , Comasarcophaga , Emdenimyia , Fletcherimyia , Mecynocorpus , Panava , Promayoa , Sarcodexiopsis , Spirobolomyia , Thomazomyia , Titanogrypa and Villegasia , which are arranged into the two clades: 40 and 50 ( Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ).

The genera of the Blaesoxipha clade share four apomorphic character states: (1) male with abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides ( Fig. 43B, C View Figure 43 ), (2) distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed (except in Comasarcophaga and Spirobolomyia ) ( Figs 12A View Figure 12 , 23F View Figure 23 , 28E View Figure 28 , 29D View Figure 29 , 30D View Figure 30 , 34D View Figure 34 , 36G View Figure 36 ), (3) juxta partially to entirely fused to acrophallic structures ( Figs 12B View Figure 12 , 22E View Figure 22 , 30C View Figure 30 , 35H View Figure 35 , 39E View Figure 39 ) and (4) juxta straight ( Figs 35H View Figure 35 , 39E View Figure 39 ). Three additional autapomorphies that evolved in the ancestor of this clade, but which have subsequently become reduced or modified in some of these genera, are: distal margin of juxta with spine-like processes ( Figs 30D View Figure 30 , 34D–F View Figure 34 ), which evolved into distal margin smooth in clades 42 and 51 ( Figs 11H View Figure 11 , 28E View Figure 28 , 35H View Figure 35 , 39E View Figure 39 ); lateral styli collapsed with no outlet ( Figs 23J View Figure 23 , 28F View Figure 28 , 29B View Figure 29 , 30E View Figure 30 , 34E View Figure 34 , 36H View Figure 36 , 39F View Figure 39 ), which is reversed in clades 43 and 51 where a sperm outlet is found ( Figs 11H View Figure 11 , 20D View Figure 20 , 21I View Figure 21 , 39B–D View Figure 39 ); and lateral styli plate-like, with digitate margins or finger-shaped processes ( Figs 23F View Figure 23 , 29E View Figure 29 , 30C View Figure 30 , 34E View Figure 34 , 36G View Figure 36 ), which are reversed in clades 45, 48 and 51 where the lateral styli are tube-shaped ( Figs 11H View Figure 11 , 12B View Figure 12 , 21I View Figure 21 , 22E View Figure 22 , 39C View Figure 39 ).

Some branches within the Blaesoxipha clade had low supports, and alternative topologies were retrieved differing in the position of the paraphyletic Table 1.