Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.

Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb. View in CoL

Description.

Thallus foliose, heteromerous, dorsiventral, loosely attached, forming wavy, wide-spreading, usually orbicular, wide rosettes. Upper surface greenish-gray to glaucous-gray, lower surface black in the central part to brown at the lobe edges. Lobes broad and round, to 20 mm wide, with raised margins. Pseudocyphellae punctiform on upper surface, which are rather large and usually not raised, also developed in the older, central parts of thallus; pseudocyphellae on the lower surface not developed, or appearing as very small white dots. Soralia primarily marginal on strongly twisted lobes, giving the lobe-ends a somewhat nibbled appearance, usually smooth, with coarse soredia (25–55 µm). Lower surface rather regularly ridged, with scattered, simple, black rhizines and a rhizine-free zone along the margin. Never found fertile in Italy.

Chemistry.

Cortex with atranorin (sometimes in low concentrations); medulla with olivetoric acid.

Distribution in Italy.

Central-eastern Alps (10 specimens from 7 sites): Friuli Venezia Giulia (2 specimens from 2 sites), Veneto (3 specimens from 1 site), Trentino Alto Adige (2 specimens from 2 sites), Lombardia (3 specimens from 2 sites); Northern Apennines (2 specimens from 2 sites): Liguria (1 specimen from 1 site), Emilia Romagna (1 specimen from 1 site). Fig. 2 View Figure 2 .

Habitat.

Beech or mixed beech-coniferous forests in the montane belt (650–1450 m a. s. l.), moist due to frequent rainfall and / or fog, often near waterbodies (streams, lakes).

Phorophytes.

Abies alba , Acer pseudoplatanus , Castanea sativa , Fagus sylvati ca, Picea abies .

Literature.

Confirmed citations: Friuli Venezia Giulia: Nimis (1982). Dubious citations (specimens not found): Friuli Venezia Giulia: Glowacki (1874), Clerc (1984), Carvalho (1997); Veneto: Du Rietz (1924), Lazzarin (1997), Caniglia et al. (1999), Thor and Nascimbene (2007), Brackel (2013); Trentino Alto Adige: Lettau (1957), Caniglia et al. (1988), Nascimbene and Caniglia (2000), Nascimbene (2005 a, 2006, 2008 a), Stofer (2006), Nascimbene et al. (2007, 2022), Lang et al. (2010), Nimis et al. (2015); Lombardia: Stizenberger (1882), Du Rietz (1924); Piemonte: Jatta (1909 / 11), Martel (1910), Montacchini and Piervittori (1979), Griselli et al. (2003); Emilia Romagna: Zanfrognini (1902), Nimis (1984, 1985), Fariselli et al. (2020); Toscana: Baglietto (1871), Sambo (1927); Abruzzo: Jatta (1909 / 11), Recchia and Villa (1996), Stofer (2006), Gheza et al. (2021); Puglia: Nimis and Tretiach (1999); Sicilia: Marino and Paratore (1900), Jatta (1909 / 11), Grillo and Caniglia (2004, 2006). Erroneous citations (specimens belonging to other species): Friuli Venezia Giulia: Nimi and Loi (1984) ( C. monachorum ), Tretiach and Molaro (2007) ( C. cetrarioides ); Veneto: Nascimbene and Caniglia (1997, 2002, 2003), Nascimbene (2005 b, 2008 b, 2011), Nascimbene et al. (2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2013 b) (all C. cetrarioides and C. monachorum ); Trentino Alto Adige: Kernstock (1890) ( C. monachorum ); Lombardia: Jatta (1909 / 11) ( C. monachorum ); Piemonte: Baglietto and Carestia (1865, 1880) ( C. cetrarioides ), Isocrono et al. (2004) ( C. cetrarioides ); Liguria: Putortì et al. (1999) ( C. monachorum ), Giordani and Brunialti (2000) ( C. monachorum ), Brunialti et al. (2001) ( C. monachorum ); Toscana: Brackel (2015) ( C. monachorum ).

Remarks.

We were not able to retrieve duplicates of the exsiccata distributed by Anzi as Lichenes Rariores Langobardiae n. 48 and Lichenes Minus Rari Italiae Superioris n. 99, cited by Stizenberger (1882) and Du Rietz (1924). The record by Kernstock (1890) likely refers to specimens distributed as Flora Exsiccata Austro-Hungarica n. 3117, of which we revised 5 specimens (GB- 0178237, LD- 1086559, and three unnumbered specimens from GZU), all referring to C. monachorum . About the records of “ C. olivetorum ” by Baglietto and Carestia (1865, 1880), that were cited also by Isocrono et al. (2004), we were able to retrieve just one exsiccatum (LD- 1064112) that refers to C. cetrarioides .

Specimens examined.

See Suppl. material 1.