Peribalus, Mulsant et Rey, 1866

Genus PERIBALUS Mulsant et Rey, 1866

Peribalus Mulsant et Rey, 1866: 262 . Type species Cimex vernalis Wolff, 1804 (Kirkaldy, 1909: XXIX).

Diagnosis. The genus is most closely related to Holcostethus but differs in the following characters: clypeus closed; sclerotized median plates of aedeagus wide, connected at base; outgrowths of spermathecal bulb short, forming no process.

Composition. The species of the genus are classi-fied into three subgenera, two of which are described as new based on the number of conjunctive processes of the aedeagus, shape of the inner surface of the pa-ramere, and structure of the spermatheca.

The range of the genus covers nearly entire Palae-arctic Region from Mediterranean to the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The ten species occur in the plains and high mountains, reaching a height of 3600 m.

A KEY TO SPECIES OF THE GENUS PERIBALUS MULSANT ET REY, 1866

1( 4). Aedeagus with one pair of curved conjunctive processes with sclerotized apices ( Figs. 18–20 View Figs ). Theca without lateral processes. Parameres with smoothened sensory lobe and with wrinkled area rounded at base ( Figs. 54–56 View Figs ). Spermatheca with elongate (occasionally strongly elongate) bulb and with sclerotized duct spherically widened at base ( Figs. 1–3 View Figs ) ......................... Peribalus s. str.

2( 3). Sides of pronotum distinctly emarginate; lateral angle narrowly rounded, length of its part projecting beyond elytral base subequal to width of eye ( Fig. 93 View Figs ). Apex of scutellum without pale spot. Mediterranean subspecies .......................... ............ P. ( P.) strictus strictus (Fabricius, 1803) .

3( 2). Sides of pronotum straight or weakly emarginate; lateral angle rounded, length of its part projecting beyond elytral base less than half width of eye ( Fig. 91 View Figs ). Apex of scutellum pale.

a(b). Body larger, 8.7–10.5 (9.61) mm long, dark brownish, with black coarse punctation; distance between punctures subequal to puncture diameter; surface smooth. Euro-Siberian subspecies ...................................................................... .... P. ( P.) strictus vernalis (Wolff, 1804) , stat. n.

b(a). Body smaller, 7.8–10.8 (9.06) mm long, sandyred, with very dense, fine, usually concolorous, occasionally brown punctation; distance between punctures less than their diameter; surface not smooth. Typical of Fore and Central Asia .......... P. ( P.) strictus capitatus Jakovlev, 1889 , stat. n.

4( 1). Aedeagus forming more than 1 pair of conjunctive processes with unsclerotized apices ( Figs. 23–34 View Figs View Figs ). Theca with small lateral processes. Paramere usually (except for that of P. hoberlandti ) with noticeable sensory lobe; uneven area of inner surface of paramere pointed at base ( Figs. 57, 59–62 View Figs ). Spermathecal bulb rather weakly, if at all, elongate; sclerotized duct not widened at base ( Figs. 6–9 View Figs ); occasionally with bulb spherical and sclerotized duct widened at base to varying extent ( Figs. 10, 11 View Figs , 15, 17 View Figs ).

5( 16). Aedeagus with 2 pairs of conjunctive processes; vesica strongly curved at apex ( Figs. 29, 31, 32 View Figs ), except for that weakly curved in P. congenitus ( Fig. 30 View Figs ). Inner surface of paramere subparallelsided ( Figs. 57–60 View Figs ). Ventral surface of pygofer with medially interrupted carina along apical margin; apices rounded or slightly pointed ( Figs. 77–80 View Figs ). Spermatheca with weakly elongate bulb and sclerotized duct narrowed at base ( Figs. 6–9 View Figs ), or bulb spherical and sclerotized duct narrowed (as that of P. przewalskii sp. n., Fig. 10 View Figs , and P. classeyi , Fig. 11 View Figs ) or slightly widened (as that of P. hoberlandti , Fig. 17 View Figs ) at base .. ..................................... Asioperibalus subgen. n.

6( 15). Lateral margin of pronotum straight, slightly concave, rarely slightly convex ( Figs. 86–89 View Figs ).

7( 14). Parandria situated below horizontal level of lateral angles of pygofer ( Figs. 77–80 View Figs ). Laterotergite IX small, not widened toward base ( Fig. 103 View Figs ).

8( 13). Head medium-sized, trapeziform ( Fig. 98 View Figs ); 3rd antennal segment distinctly shorter than 2nd (index 0.88–0.96). Spermathecal bulb weakly elongate ( Figs. 6–9 View Figs ).

9( 12). Pygofer wide, with attenuate apical angles and narrowly rounded median emargination ( Figs. 77, 78 View Figs ). Sclerotized median plates slightly widened, vesica sharply curved.

10( 11). Pronotum with indistinct pale edging, sparsely, rather coarsely punctate; distance between punctures several times exceeding their diameter. Jugae swollen. Asian species .................................. ....................... P. ( A.) nitidus Kiritshenko, 1914 .

11( 10). Pronotum with pale distinct marginal costa, rather densely punctate. Jugae flat. Euro-Siberian species .......................................... ........................... P. ( A.) inclusus (Dohrn, 1860) .

12( 9). Pygofer narrow, with weakly attenuate apical angles and widely rounded median emargination ( Fig. 79 View Figs ). Sclerotized median plates strongly widened, vesica smoothly curved ( Figs. 24 View Figs , 30 View Figs ). Transcaucasia, Iran .............................................. .................. P. ( A.) congenitus (Putshkov, 1965) .

13( 8). Head large, subrectangular ( Fig. 99 View Figs ); 3rd anten-nal segment always longer than 2nd (1.2 times as long, on average). Spermatheca with spherical bulb ( Fig. 10 View Figs ). Closely related to P. inclusus . Northern China, Mongolia .................................. ...................................... P. ( A.) przewalskii sp. n.

14( 7). Parandria situated clearly above horizontal level of lateral angles of pygofer ( Fig. 66 View Figs ). Lateroter-gite IX very large, strongly widened toward base ( Figs. 106 View Figs ). Eastern Afghanistan ........................ .................... P. ( A.) classeyi (Hoberlandt, 1984) .

15( 6). Pronotum with distinctly convex lateral margins ( Fig. 90 View Figs ). Turkey ................................................. ........ P. ( A.) hoberlandti (Lodos et Önder, 1980) .

16( 5). Aedeagus at least with rudiment of 3rd pair of conjunctive processes ( Figs. 33, 34 View Figs ). Ventral sur-face of pygofer with entire carina repeating sinu-ate bend of its apical margin; apices pointed and distinctly bent inwards ( Fig. 82 View Figs ). Paramere with arcuately curved inner surface ( Figs. 61, 62 View Figs ). Spermathecal bulb spherical, sclerotized duct clearly widened at base ( Fig. 15 View Figs ). Vesica weakly curved ............................... Tianocoris subgen. n.

17( 18). Aedeagus with 2 pairs of conjunctive proc-esses and with rudiment of 3rd pair ( Figs. 27 View Figs , 33 View Figs ). Sclerotized median plates strongly widened. Pamiro-Alai ......................................................... ............... P. ( T.) manifestus (Kiritshenko, 1952) .

18( 17). Aedeagus with 3 pairs of conjunctive proc-esses ( Figs. 28 View Figs , 34 View Figs ). Sclerotized median plates weakly widened. Tien Shan ................................ ................................... P. ( T.) tianshanicus sp. n.