Dynamena disticha ( Bosc, 1802 )

Dynamena disticha ( Bosc, 1802) View in CoL

Sertularia disticha Bosc, 1802: 101–102 View in CoL , pl. 29 fig. 2.

Dynamena disticha View in CoL : Calder, 1991: 93–96, fig. 50A–C.— Migotto, 1996: 62–64, fig. 12A–C.— Medel & Vervoort, 1998: 25–29, fig. 7.— Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 2002: 121–122, fig. 23C–E.— Galea, 2008: 30–31 View Cited Treatment , fig. 5J–N.— Galea & Ferry, 2015: 233–234, fig. 5H–M.

Disertasia disticha View in CoL : Calder & Faucci, 2021: 30–31 View Cited Treatment , fig. 9C.

Dynamena cornicina View in CoL : Patriti, 1970: 41–42, fig. 54.—Millard, 1975: 261–263, fig. 86A–E.— Gili et al., 1989: 100, fig. 25.— Hirohito, 1995: 167–170, fig. 54A–G.

Sertularia cornicina View in CoL : Fraser, 1944: 279–280, Pl. 60 fig. 266A–F.

Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 51 colonies without gonothecae, 14–85 mm high, of which five growing on crustaceans, four on Idiellana pristis , three on bryozoans, two on bivalves, one on Eudendrium capillare , one on Eudendrium sp. and one on Diphasia digitalis .

BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 11 mm high, growing on Idiellana pristis .

BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on bryozoan.

BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: three colonies without gonothecae, up to 7 mm high, growing on bryozoans.

Remarks. Our material conforms to that studied by Gil & Ramil (2023b). No further discussion is needed.

Biology. This species has been found growing on a wide range of substrates ( Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002; Moura 2020). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in January–March, July and December, while in the southern hemisphere gonothecae have been observed in March, April and June–November ( Gil & Ramil 2023b).

In our material, some colonies were found growing on hydroids, crustaceans, bryozoans and bivalves. Gonothecae were not observed.

Distribution. Dynamena disticha is a circumglobal species ( Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa 2002). Its distribution in West Africa was documented by Gil & Ramil (2023b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 ( Medel & Vervoort 1998) to 250 m ( Gili et al. 1989).

Our material was collected at depths between 20–29 m.

Genus Idiellana Cotton & Godfrey, 1942