Heterogomphus kogui Neita Moreno, Clavijo-Bustos, & Ratcliffe, 2025

Neita Moreno, Jhon C., Clavijo-Bustos, Julián & Ratcliffe, Brett C., 2025, A review of the genus Heterogomphus Burmeister, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Oryctini) from Colombia, Zootaxa 5590 (3), pp. 345-364 : 353-357

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5590.3.3
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:37F984D8-95C7-4453-8EF0-8516E79B60FC
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14953201
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846ACD50-FF98-E84F-FF02-39E0FCD5E7DA
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Heterogomphus kogui Neita Moreno, Clavijo-Bustos, & Ratcliffe
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Heterogomphus kogui Neita Moreno, Clavijo-Bustos, & Ratcliffe , new species

Figures 6A–C View FIGURE 6 ; 7B, D, F, H View FIGURE 7 ; 8 E–H, K–L View FIGURE 8 ; 11C–D View FIGURE 11 .

Holotype ( Fig. 6A, C View FIGURE 6 ). Length 39.1 mm; width 18.6 mm. Color black. Head: Dorsal surface with long, slender, recurved horn; horn reaching apex of pronotal prominence, apex strongly bifurcate; posterior margin of horn simple, lacking subapical tubercle. Occiput between posterior margin of eyes smooth, shiny. Frons at posterior base of horn punctate to weakly rugose and with long, dense, reddish-brown setae. Clypeus nearly smooth, apex truncate. Interocular width equals to three times the dorsal eye diameter. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7. Mandibles large, bidentate, inner tooth smaller than outer tooth; labium rectangular, smooth in the middle and with a few setae on the lateral margins; galea with one tooth. Pronotum: Surface with an obliquely horizontal knob, anterior surface of prominence sharply declivous, concave, setigerous; apex of protuberance broadly truncate, weakly truncate at center. Surface on dorsum of protuberance with small, dense punctures; anterior half and sides of pronotum coarsely rugopunctate, setigerous; setae long, dense, reddish brown. Base with marginal bead. Elytra: Surface densely, coarsely rugopunctate, punctures large, most setigerous; setae reddish brown, long on sutural and second discal striae, and short on intervals. Sides with long, reddish-brown setae on first stria and along lateral margins. Venter: Color completely dark reddish brown. Prosternum : Disc with two anterior, longitudinal sulci, apex without a process. Mesoventrite: Disc flat in the middle; surface rugopunctate, each puncture bearing a slightly longer, slender, tawny seta. Metaventrite: Disc flat and densely setose on the lateral area; surface on lateral area densely punctate with moderately large, rounded punctures irregularly distributed, separated by less than one puncture diameter; medial area smooth. Metaventral process absent. Legs: Protibia along lateral margin with four teeth on apical third, the first and second teeth set close, and third and fourth teeth also set close; apical spur present; protarsomere 1 subequal in length to protarsomeres 2–4, protarsomere 5 as long as protarsomeres 3–4 combined, with a few setae at the apex. Mesotibial apex truncate ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 ) and with four stout, short teeth; mesotarsomere 1 subequal in length to mesotarsomeres 2–4, mesotarsomere 5 as long as mesotarsomeres 3–4 combined, with a few spinules at apex. Metatibial apex truncate ( Fig. 8F View FIGURE 8 ) and with six stout, short spinules; similar in length to metatarsomeres. Abdomen: Abdominal ventrites 2–5 punctate, punctures dense on lateral areas, sparser and smaller on the middle, each puncture bearing a short, slender, tawny seta. Ventrite 6 longer than the others, rugopunctate on sides, punctures smaller and sparser on the middle. Pygidium: Surface entirely, minutely rugulose and with transverse fringe of long, reddish-brown setae just before base on apical convexity. In lateral view, surface strongly convex on basal fourth. Parameres: In lateral view, apex narrow and curving downward ( Fig. 8K–L View FIGURE 8 ), half the length of phallobase. Parameres in caudal view slender and apically convergent.

Allotype. Female ( Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 ). As male except in the following respects. Length 42.2 mm; width across humeri 20.2 mm. Head: Frons with single, broad tubercle. Surface of frons and clypeus rugopunctate. Interocular width equals to 2.2 times the dorsal eye diameter. Pronotum: Surface with low, rounded tubercle at midline well behind anterior margin; anterior third and sides with moderately dense, short, reddish-brown setae. Legs: Mesotibial apex truncate and with 4–6 stout, short teeth ( Fig. 8G View FIGURE 8 ). Metatibial apex truncate and with 5–6 stout, short teeth ( Fig. 8H View FIGURE 8 ). Pygidium: In lateral view, surface weakly concave on apical half behind transverse fringe of long, reddish-brown setae.

Variation. Male (1 paratype). Similar to holotype but slightly larger. Length 42.3 mm, width 20.9 mm.

Diagnosis. The male of Heterogomphus kogui is distinguished from other species of the genus by: head with a long, slender, recurved horn with apex strongly bifurcate; posterior margin of horn simple, lacking subapical tubercle ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ); clypeus nearly smooth and with the apex truncate ( Fig. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 ); pronotum with the dorsal surface of protuberance with small, dense punctures ( Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 ); mesotibial apex truncate and with four stout, short teeth ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 ) and metatibial apex truncate and with six stout, short teeth ( Fig. 8F View FIGURE 8 ). The parameres are unique ( Fig. 8K–L View FIGURE 8 ), having the ventral edge sinuous and curved downwards (in lateral view) ( Fig. 8L View FIGURE 8 ). The female is similar to the male, but the mesotibia has 4–6 stout, short teeth at the apex ( Fig. 8G View FIGURE 8 ); and the metatibia has 5–6 stout, short spinules at the apex ( Fig. 8H View FIGURE 8 ).

Etymology. This species is named in honor of the Kogui indigenous people that inhabit the type locality and are considered guardians of important Neotropical biodiversity at the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta. The specific epithet should be treated as a noun in apposition.

Distribution. Heterogomphus kogui is known only from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, in Magdalena Department, Colombia, at elevations around 2561 m ( Fig. 11C–D View FIGURE 11 ).

Natural history. Adults are nocturnal and attracted to lights.

Taxonomic remarks. Heterogomphus kogui is nearly identical to H. carayoni in dorsal color and sculpturing but is differentiated by the following combination of characters: the male and female clypeal apex of H. kogui is truncate ( Fig. 7B, D View FIGURE 7 ) versus a broad and deeply triangularly emarginate clypeal apex in both sexes of H. carayoni ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ). The pronotal punctures are dense and small in the male of H. kogui ( Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 ) but larger in the male of H. carayoni ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ). In the male, the mesotibia of H. kogui has four stout, short teeth at the apex ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 ), while H. carayoni has two stout, short teeth ( Fig. 8A View FIGURE 8 ). The metatibia of H. kogui is narrow at the apex and with six stout, short teeth ( Fig. 8F View FIGURE 8 ), and H. carayoni has three stout, short teeth ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ). For the female, the mesotibial apex is truncate with 4–6 stout, short teeth ( Fig. 8G View FIGURE 8 ) and the metatibia is truncate with 5–6 stout, short teeth ( Fig. 8H View FIGURE 8 ) for H. kogui . In H. carayoni the mesotibial apex has one large tooth ( Fig. 8C View FIGURE 8 ) and the metatibial apex is truncate with 1 short tooth ( Fig. 8D View FIGURE 8 ). The parameres of H. kogui are unique ( Fig. 8K, L View FIGURE 8 ). Although similar in shape to those of H. carayoni ( Fig. 8I–J View FIGURE 8 ), the ventral edge is more sinuous and downward curved (lateral view) ( Fig. 8L View FIGURE 8 versus Fig. 8J View FIGURE 8 ).

There are three species of Heterogomphus in which the male has the cephalic horn bifurcate at the apex: Heterogomphus bicuspis Endrödi, 1976 , distributed in Argentina and Bolivia ( Endrödi 1976; Ratcliffe et al. 2023); H. carayoni , distributed in the western foothills of the Andes from Colombia and Ecuador ( Fig. 9A View FIGURE 9 ); and H. kogui , endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta ( Fig. 9C View FIGURE 9 ).