Pareurythoe californica (Johnson)

Pareurythoe californica (Johnson) View in CoL

( Figures 2 View Figure 2 (C), 3 and 4)

Eurythoe californica Johnson, 1897: 159–161 View in CoL , pl. 5, figs 8–14; Moore 1909: 242.

Eurythoe paupera View in CoL : Chamberlin 1918: 173 ( non Grube and Kröyer in Grube, 1856).

Eurythoe dubia View in CoL : Monro 1933: 5-6, Text-fig. 1 (non Horst, 1912).

Pareurythoe californica View in CoL : Hartman 1940: 203–204, pl. 31, figs 5–9 (syn.).

Eurtythoe complanata : Fauvel 1943: 5–7 ( partim, non (Pallas, 1766)).

? Eurythoe dubia View in CoL : Fauvel 1943: 7 ( non Horst, 1912).

Type material. California, USA

Two syntypes ( LACM 94 ), Monterey, Pacific Grove, rocky shores ( 36.62°N, 121.91°W), near low water 17 December 1896, H GoogleMaps .P GoogleMaps . Johnson, coll. (one without anterior region, the another one complete chaetae longer than in other syntypes, but most without tips, right parapodia of chaetigers 10, removed for observing chaetae; body 22 mm long, 3 mm wide, 58 chaetigers).

One syntype ( LACM 95 ), San Pedro, sand flats ( 33.73°N, 118.28°W), intertidal, 26 June 1895, H GoogleMaps .P. coll. (used for redescription).

Two syntypes ( LACM 96 ), San Pedro, sand flats ( 33.73°N, 118.28°W), intertidal, 28 December 1895 Johnson, coll GoogleMaps . (one complete, mature female, bent ventrally, pharynx exposed, broken, two left chaetigers previously removed; body 89 mm long, 4.8 mm wide, 93 chaetigers; the other specimen have been used for illustrating the parapodia, but most have broken chaetae, oocytes about 100 diameter) GoogleMaps .

Two syntypes ( LACM 97 ), San Pedro, sand flats ( 33.73°N, 118.28°W), intertidal, 28 December 1895 Johnson, coll GoogleMaps . (both complete, bent ventrally, smallest one with pharynx exposed; body 73–84 mm 4.5–5.0 mm wide, 93–106 chaetigers) GoogleMaps .

Nine syntypes ( LACM 98 ), San Pedro, sand flats ( 33.73°N, 118.28°W), intertidal, 29 December 1895 Johnson, coll GoogleMaps . (two complete specimens, bent ventrally; body 48–57 mm long, 3.0– 3.5 mm wide chaetiger; an anterior fragment used for original illustration) GoogleMaps .

Additional material. California, USA

Two specimens ( LACM 13536), Morro Bay, 1 February 1931, G.E. MacGinitie, coll. (no further data tapered at both body ends, colourless, midventrally with a thin brown thin band running throughout shortest specimen with pharynx exposed, opaque; left parapodia of chaetiger 18 removed for largest specimen with body wall broken in chaetigers 87–88; eyes distinct, of similar size; caruncle along chaetigers 1–2, not reaching anterior margin of chaetiger 3; body 225–271 mm long, 5–6 mm without chaetae, 7 mm with chaetae, 166–202 chaetigers).

Six specimens ( LACM 13537 ), Catalina Island , Big Fishermen’s Cove, north of USC pier, intertidal rocks in gravel, covered by silt, 28 August 1973 (no further data; five not markedly contracted, one much contracted, shortest and longest included in variation of branchial filaments along body 33–50 mm long, 2.5–5.0 mm wide, 76–80 chaetigers) .

Two specimens ( LACM 13539 ), Mission Bay , near northeastern end of bridge, 29 May 1938 (no data; markedly contracted, twisted; body 70–80 mm long, 6–7 mm wide, chaetigers not counted) .

Western Mexico

Four specimens (LACM 13540), Research Vessel Velero IV, Sta. 2063 ( 28.37°N, 115.19°W), north end Isla shore, reef near lighthouse, rock bottom, 30 October 1951 (pale, variably twisted; anterior eyes 2 large as posterior ones; 3 smaller ones with caruncle reaching posterior margin of chaetiger 2, largest caruncle reaching anterior fourth of chaetiger 3; largest mature female, oocytes about 100 µm in body 20–40 mm long, 4.0– 4.3 mm wide, 61–87 chaetigers).

Nine specimens ( LACM 13541 ), RV Velero IV, Sta . 1956 (Pta. Abreojos to northeastern point), shore and conglomerate bottom, 30 April 1950 (red, variably twisted; shortest and longest included in branchial filaments along body; body 42–67 mm long, 4.0– 4.5 mm wide, 76–86 chaetigers).

JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY fig. 8), anterior end, dorsal view. (B) Another syntype ( LACM 98 ), 3.0 mm wide, anterior end, dorsal view. (C) syntype ( LACM 96 ), 4.8 mm wide, anterior end, dorsal view. (D) Non-type specimen ( LACM 13536 ), chaetiger parapodium. (E) Section of notopodium and notochaetae (c, capillary; h, harpoon: s, spurred; sd, spurred denticulate acicula). (F) Neurochaetae (fs, furcate straight; ff, furcate falcate; sd, spurred denticulate; a, acicula). Scale

C = 0.5 mm; B = 0.6 mm; D = 130 µm; E, F = 50 µm (authors’ work).

chaetigers 25 and 66 removed for observation (kept in container); chaetae damaged after formalin, notochaetae damaged, tips eroded; no more dissected for avoiding further damage; body 50 mm long wide, 91 chaetigers).

Diagnosis

Pareurythoe with caruncle extended along chaetigers 1–2, sometimes reaching anterior part of caruncular depression deep. Anterior eyes reniform, 4–6 times as large as posterior round eyes.

from chaetiger 2 with 1–3 filaments. Median segments with furcate and spurred neurochaetae, largest smooth.

Description

Best syntype (LACM 95) pale, mature female, without posterior end; most chaetae broken; body ventrally, tapered at both ends, with dorsum and venter convex, body sides rather rectilinear, long, 6 mm wide, 90 chaetigers.

Anterior region tapered ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (A)); prostomium round; anterior lobe with lateral antennae laterally, palps directed ventrally, of similar size to lateral antennae, posterior lobe with eyes barely median antenna central in posterior lobe, slightly longer than laterals, shorter than caruncle (Figure

Caruncle sinuous, tapered, blunt, as long as first two chaetigers, reaching anterior margin of partially included in middorsal furrow running along chaetigers 3–5, indistinct in following chaetigers

Pharynx exposed ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (C)), globose, with a median deep depression driving to mouth,

without macroscopic distinctions between basal and distal rings. Anterior oral lobe fused anteriorly a median furrow along chaetigers 1–2; mouth between chaetigers 3–4.

Branchiae from chaetiger 2, with 1–3 short stems and long filaments, looking pectinate; larger arranged in three series, looking palmate. First branchiae with 2–3 filaments, progressively increasing number and size up to chaetigers 25–35, decreasing in number and size of filaments posteriorly.

Parapodia biramous. Notopodia with short low conical lobes; dorsal and ventral cirri biarticulate cirri longer than ventral ones throughout body. Anterior chaetigers with branchiae with up to 22 ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (A)); median chaetigers with about 20 branchial filaments ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (B,C)); posterior chaetigers about 14 filaments ( Figure 3 View Figure 3 (D)).

Chaetae mostly broken in most syntypes.

Posterior region tapered, pygidium conical, anus dorsal or terminal, sometimes prolapsed plate minute. Oocytes about 100 µm in diameter.

Variation

Six complete syntypes were 22–84 mm long, 3.0–5.0 mm wide, 58–106 chaetigers. The caruncle is better defined in smaller specimens ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (A,B)), constricted irregularly in larger specimens (Figure The caruncle consistently extends to the posterior margin of chaetiger 2, or to anterior margin of

( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (A–C)), even in larger or wider specimens (LACM 13539), and there is no size-dependent Depending on body contraction, the antero-dorsal furrow including the caruncle, or as a posterior sion, is variably defined. In very contracted specimens (LACM 13539), the caruncle is inside a deeper and its sinuosity is barely defined, but still visible.

Some specimens with better preserved chaetae, including notochaetae ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (D)); notochaetae capillaries, harpoon chaetae, furcate and spurred chaetae, and aciculae were tapered (Figure Neurochaetae include furcate and spurred neurochaetae, and spurred denticulate capillaries, and were subdistally swollen ( Figure 4 View Figure 4 (F)).

Eyes are no longer distinct in syntypes. They were originally shown as present in posterior prostomial anterior eyes slightly larger than posterior ones, posterior eyes at the level of insertion of median ( Johnson 1897, pl. 5, fig. 8).

Remarks

Pareurythoe californica (Johnson) was described with several syntypes, mostly collected in soft bottoms a few from sediment pockets in rocky shores. Based on the condition of the syntypes, it seems the were sieved, and most chaetae were broken. Johnson further made dissections to observe or illustrate body ends, such that most specimens are incomplete, and although most pieces are kept in the trying to match the separate parts was too difficult.

Chamberlin (1918) indicated that P. californica was a junior synonym of P. paupera (Grube and Grube) , but he gave no reasons for his conclusion. The synonymy was reiterated by Rioja (1941), and following Ehlers (1901b), although Hartman (1940) rejected the synonymy by comparing it with regarded as E. complanata (Pallas, 1766) . Augener (1922) modified the perspective and regarded P.

as a variety of E. complanata . It is interesting that despite rejecting the shape of the caruncle as a

JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY

California specimen was 50 mm long and had a long vermiform body, caruncle cylindrical, branchiae long spread filaments, and very long capillaries.

Pareurythoe californica resembles P. paupera , as indicated in the key above, by having branchiae chaetiger 2, deep caruncular depression and median segments with spurred neurochaetae with largest smooth. Their main differences are in the size of eyes and caruncle; in P. californica anterior eyes are larger than posterior ones, and the caruncle reaches anterior margin of chaetiger 3, whereas in P. paupera anterior eyes are 2 times as large as posterior ones, and the caruncle can reach chaetiger 4.

Distribution

From central California to Western Mexico, especially along the Gulf of California.