Kalanchoeae Small (1933: 585) emend. Gideon F.Sm.

1.2 Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae ]

tr. Kalanchoeae Small (1933: 585) emend. Gideon F.Sm.

( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ).

Type:— Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) ( Turland et al. 2025: Art. 10.9).

Homotypic synonym:— Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae Berger (1930: 383) emend. Gideon F.Sm. in Smith & Monro (2022b: 247), pro parte, excl. Cotyledon Linnaeus (1753: 429) , nom. cons.; Adromischus Lemaire (1852: 59) ; and Tylecodon Tölken (1978: 378) , all of which are here placed in Crassulaceae tr. Cotyledoneae (see “1.1”, above).

Heterotypic synonym:— Crassulaceae tr. Bryophylleae Small (1933: 585) . Type:— Bryophyllum Salisbury (1805 : t. 3) ( Turland et al. 2025: Art. 10.10), syn. nov.

Later isonym with no nomenclatural status:— Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae ] tr. Kalanchoeae ’t Hart (1995: 167).

Designation not validly published:—“ Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae ] tr. Kalanchoeae ” (listed by Maire 1977: 251, discussed in Smith 2020), nom. inval. ( Turland et al. 2025: Art. 41.5).

Taxa included:—One genus, Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248) , with Bryophyllum Salisbury (1805 : t. 3) here treated at the rank of subgenus, as K. subg. Bryophyllum (Salisb.) Koorders (1919: 170) , a view widely held (see for example Smith 2024: 243–244).

Diagnosis:—Taxa included in Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae ] tr. Kalanchoeae differ from taxa included in Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae ] tr. Cotyledoneae by the flowers being tetramerous, not pentamerous (as found in Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae ] tr. Cotyledoneae ), and by the leaves being persistent, while those of representatives of Crassulaceae [subfam. Cotyledonoideae ] tr. Cotyledoneae are persistent or deciduous.

Description:—Perennial, sometimes biennial or multi-annual hapaxanthic, or rarely annual, herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs, or rarely small, somewhat to distinctly woody trees. Leaves decussate or more rarely in whorls of three or alternate, succulent, flat, sometimes folded or terete, sometimes densely white-waxy-pruinose or variously hairy, persistent; margins crenate, dentate, or entire. Flowers tetramerous, rarely aberrantly up to heptamerous, often colourful, showy, erect, spreading, or pendent. Petals substantially or weakly united into a tube; corolla tube generally exceeding corolla lobes in length. Stamens twice as many as petals. Seeds small, often dust-like, costate.

Taxonomic notes:—When ’t Hart (1995: 167) published the later isonym Crassulaceae tr. Kalanchoeae he included it in subfam. Sedoideae Berger (1930: 384) . Crassulaceae tr. Kalanchoeae as circumscribed here belongs in Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae .