Dicyphus pallidus, HERRICH-SCHAEFFER, 1836

DICYPHUS PALLIDUS HERRICH-SCHAEFFER, 1836 View in CoL

( FIGS 4, 8, 10 F, 31 A, 38)

Dicyphus pallidus Herrich-Schaeffer, 1836: 51 View in CoL (original description); Carvalho, 1958: 198 (world catalogue); Schuh, 1995: 493 (world catalogue); Kerzhner & Josifov, 1999: 23 (Palaearctic catalogue).

Material examined

Austria: Niederosterreich: Mýdling: Wienerwald , 48.09722°N 16.10972°E, 415 m, 13 Aug 1960, Lindberg, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00209455 About AMNH ) ( MZH) GoogleMaps .

Bulgaria: Kjustendil: Rila , silva frond., 42.12722°N 23.13361°E, 550 m, 6-12 Aug 1939, Lindberg, 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208571 About AMNH ) ( MZH) GoogleMaps .

Czech Republic: Jeseniky, 50.22722°N 17.19277°E, 1350 m, 1 Aug 1948, Stehlik, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _PBI 00206740) ( AMNH). Zlinsky: Potec: Plosciny Mountain, 49.13944ºN 18.06000ºE, 639 m, 17 Aug 2009, ex. Salvia glutinosa, Sanchez, Kment & Pennaroli , 3♂♂, 3♀♀ ( IMIDA _ENT 00000193, IMIDA _ENT 00000194, IMIDA_ENT 00000461, IMIDA _ENT 00000464).Valasske Klobouky, 49.27611ºN 18.18194ºE, 450 m, 17 Aug 2009, ex. Stachys sylvatica, Sanchez, Kment & Pennaroli , 2♂♂, 2♀♀ ( IMIDA _ENT 00000470- IMIDA _ENT 00000473) ( IMIDA). Nedasov: Kanoury Reserve, 49.0822ºN 18.0336ºE, 619 m, 18 Aug 2009, ex. Stachys alpina L. ( Lamiaceae ), Sanchez, Kment & Pennaroli, 2♀♀ ( IMIDA _ENT 00000474, IMIDA _ENT 00000475) ( IMIDA).

France: Lafare , 44.14638°N 5.05222°E, 166 m, Jul 1985, Carayon, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00209592 About AMNH ) ( MNHN) GoogleMaps . St. Augustin , 45.42138°N 1.84194°E, 534 m, 26 Jun 1994, Matile, 2 adults sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00209590 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00209591 About AMNH ) ( MNHN) GoogleMaps .

Germany: Sachsen: Leipziger Land: Leipzip , 51.33944°N 12.37111°E, 110 m, 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208706 About AMNH ) ( MZH) GoogleMaps . Schleswig-Holstein: Ostholstein: Kirchný, 54.2050N 10.68055ºE, 106 m, 22 Jul 1932, Wagner , 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208715 About AMNH ) ( MZH) GoogleMaps . Ulm, 48.39944°N 9.99638°E, 473 m, 17 Jul 1994, Hüeber , 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00213965 About AMNH ) ( HNHM) GoogleMaps .

Netherlands: Gravestein , 23 Jun 1946, Geutem, 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208711 About AMNH ) ( MZH) .

Romania: Cirtisoara , 16 Aug 1958, Sienkiewicz, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00206739 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) . Carpathes : Brosteni Molday, 47.25083°N 25.66444°E, 1007 m, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00204218 About AMNH ) ( BMNH) GoogleMaps . Sinaia Valachie , 45.50277°N 25.02500°E, 2136 m, Montandon, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00206736 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) GoogleMaps , 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00213967 About AMNH ) ( HNHM) . Sinaia , 45.33083°N 25.55527°E, 793 m, Jul 1955, Sienkiewicz, 1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206732 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) GoogleMaps ; Jul 1955, Sienkiewicz , 2♂♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206733 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) ; 20 Sep 1957, Sienkiewicz , 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00206734 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) . Tusnad , 46.22916°N 25.95222°E, 689 m, Jonesett, 2♂♂, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206737 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) GoogleMaps .

S l o v a k i a: K a m e n i c n y: B a l v a n y, 4 7.8 3 0 2 7 ° N 18.02055°E, 108 m, 4 Aug 1956, Mihalyi, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00213964 About AMNH ) ( HNHM) GoogleMaps .

Sweden: Kristianstad : Lyngby, 55.89277°N 14.11444°E, 16m, 1Aug 1939, Kemner, 2adults sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 002124864 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00212488 About AMNH ) ( MZLU) GoogleMaps . Arild , 56.27°N 12.58138°E, 35 m, 29 Aug 1939, Kemner, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212489 About AMNH ) ( MZLU) GoogleMaps . Brunnby , 56.24888°N 12.56694°E, 20 m, 24 Jul 1961, Ossiannilsson, 2 adults sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212484 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00212485 About AMNH ) GoogleMaps , 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212483 About AMNH ) ( MZLU) . Hýlsingborg , 28 Jul 1939, Kemner, 2♂♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206724 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00206725 About AMNH ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00206726 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) , 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212490 About AMNH ) ( MZLU) ; 28 Jul 1939, Kemner , 2 adults sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212478 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00212479 About AMNH ) ( MZLU) . Kullaberg , 56.6425°N 12.48972°E, 19 Sep 1963, Tjeder, 2 adults sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212480 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00212481 About AMNH ) ( MZLU) GoogleMaps ; 24 Jul 1968, Andersson , 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00212482 About AMNH ) ( MZLU) .

S w i t z e r l a n d: S o l o t h u r n: L e b e r n: S o l o t h u r n, 47.20694°N 7.53305°E, 365 m, 2 Jul 1953, Lindberg,

1♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208708 About AMNH ) ( MZH); 9 Jul 1953, Lindberg , 2♂♂ ( AMNH _ PBI 00208699 About AMNH , AMNH _ PBI 00208707 About AMNH ) ( MZH) .

Serbia: Ruplje , Sep 1902, Horváth, 1 adult sex unknown ( AMNH _ PBI 00213966 About AMNH ) ( HNHM) .

Diagnosis

Dicyphus pallidus is recognized by the following combination of characters: macropters and brachypters in both sexes; body length 5.23–5.80 mm in macropterous males, 4.34–5.10 mm in brachypterous males, 5.93–6.02 mm in macropterous females, 4.49–5.67 mm in brachypterous females. AII 2.14× longer than head width. AII–pronotal width ratio> 1.5 in males. Pronotal disk c. 1× shorter than callosite region in males. Callosite region>2.5× longer than collar width at middle line in males and>2.4× longer in females. Body mostly stramineous, including most of head aside from dark X-shaped marking on frons+vertex and postocular margins of head; thorax and hemelytra mostly pale, whitish, stramineous and pale orange, with dark markings posterolaterally on callosite region and mesoscutum in brachypters; AI greatly elongate, mostly reddish brown with base and apex stramineous; AII mostly stramineous to light brown, darker distally ( Fig. 4); posterior margin of left side of SVIII with heavily sclerotized flange-like expansion process with denticulate substructure ( Fig. 8F); pygophore with posteroventral brown markings; left paramere greatly elongate with short caplike spatulate apex ( Fig. 10F); aedeagus with pair of large, symmetrical, weakly arcuate endosomal lobal sclerites ( Fig. 31A).

Description

Males. Macropters and brachypters examined.

Coloration ( Fig. 4): Dorsum mostly stramineous with pale orange dark-brown markings, sometimes with red highlighting. Head: mostly stramineous with posterior margin behind eyes pale orange; frons+vertex with a moderately long X-shaped dark reddish brown marking, incomplete posteriorly, extending to level of posterior margin of eyes; clypeus stramineous, sometimes weakly embrowned; mandibular and maxillary plates, gula and bucculae stramineous; postocular margins of head narrowly dark brown. Antennae: AI mostly brown, with base and apex stramineous, sometimes paler towards base; AII mostly stramineous, sometimes with faint embrownment basally and distally; AIII and AIV concolorous, stramineous to weakly brown. Pronotum: collar and pronotal disk whitish to whitish stramineous, translucent; callosite region mostly stramineous, rarely with faint embrownment in macropters, commonly with dark-brown markings posterolaterally in brachypters. Thoracic pleura and sterna: mostly stramineous, with ventral margin of propleuron and mesepimeron more whitish, sometimes medial region of mesobasisternum also whitish. Mesoscutum: mostly stramineous to light brown, with dark-brown spots laterally in brachypters. Scutellum : lateral angles broadly pale stramineous to whitish with midline a little darker. Hemelytra : translucent, most often uniformly stramineous, macropters sometimes with faint brown markings at corial fracture, apex of endocorium and tip of cuneus; membrane veins mostly brown, occasionally reddish; brachypters without markings. Abdomen: venter stramineous, pygophore with posteroventral brown markings in macropters and brachypters.

Structure: Head: interocular distance 1.15–1.42× greater than eye width in macropters, 1.19–1.31× in brachypters. Antennae: AI 1.88–2.41× longer than interocular distance in macropters, 2.03–2.39× in brachypters; AII long, 1.56–1.83× longer than posterior width of pronotum in macropters, 1.87–2.17× in brachypters. Pronotum: disk 0.90–1.04× longer than callosite region in macropters, 0.59–0.77× in brachypters; callosite region 2.62–3.03× longer than collar width at middle line in macropters and 2.70– 3.22× longer in brachypters. Male genitalia: posterior margin of left side of SVIII with heavily sclerotized flange-like process with denticulate substructure ( Fig. 8F); left paramere greatly elongate and robust, apophysis weakly sinuate; spatulate apex weakly expanded and short ( Fig. 10F); aedeagus with three endosomal lobes, medial lobe and right side lobe each with a weakly arcuate endosomal lobal sclerites, symmetrical and of equal size ( Fig. 31A).

Females. Macropters and brachypters examined. Coloration, vestiture, texture and structure mostly as in males. Head: interocular distance 1.27–1.40× greater than eye width in macropters, 1.22–1.32× in brachypters. Antennae: AI 1.67–1.97× longer than interocular distance in macropters, 1.85–2.11× in brachypters; AII 1.38–1.53× longer than posterior pronotal width in macropters, 1.84–1.99× in brachypters. Pronotum: disk 1.03–1.11× longer than callosite region in macropters, 0.54–0.81× in brachypters; callosite region 2.50–2.92× longer than collar width at middle line in macropters and 2.96–3.37× in brachypters.