Dicyphus rubicundus, BLOTE, 1929

DICYPHUS RUBICUNDUS BLÖTE, 1929 View in CoL

( FIGS 11 A, 27, 31 B, 33, 39)

Dicyphus rubicundus Blöte, 1929: 163 View in CoL (original description); Carvalho, 1958: 194 (world catalogue); Wagner, 1974: 80; Schuh, 1995: 494 (world catalogue); Ribes & Ribes, (1997): 163–166 (redescription); Kerzhner & Josifov, 1999: 23 (Palaearctic catalogue).

Dicyphus baezi Ribes, 1983: 67 View in CoL (original description); Kerzhner & Josifov, 1999: 21 (Palaearctic catalogue), new synonymy, this work.

Material examined

Paratype of Dicyphus baezi , 1♂, Spain: Canary Islands: Gomera Island: Meriga , 28.1°N 17.2°W, 15 Aug 1977, Baez (J. Ribes, personal collection) GoogleMaps .

Spain: Canary Islands: Gran Canaria: Moya (Near Galdar), ex. Aeonium virgineum Webb & Christ ( Crassulaceae ), 28.14194ºN 15.57500ºW, 34 m, 14 Apr 2007, Sanchez, 5♂♂, 5♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000415 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000424 ) GoogleMaps . La Gomera: El Cedro, ex. Aeonium subplanum Praeger ( Crassulaceae ), 28.12778ºN 17.21527ºW, 800 m, 12 Apr 2007, Sanchez, 5♂♂, 5♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000435 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000444 ) GoogleMaps . La Palma: Lomo de Mestres: San Pedro de Peña Alta , ex. Aeonium palmense Webb ex Christ ( Crassulaceae ), 28.66556ºN 17.80889ºW, 747 m, 10 June 2009, Sanchez, 11♂♂, 8♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000111 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000129 ) GoogleMaps . Tenerife: Icod el Alto, ex. Aeonium canariensis (L) Webb & Berth ( Crassulaceae ), 28.31754ºN 16.42396ºW, 660 m, 10 Apr 2008, Sanchez, 5♂♂, 5♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000405 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000414 ) GoogleMaps ; 14 Oct 2008, Sanchez, 9♂♂, 6♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000338 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000352 ) ; Las Mercedes – Taganana road, ex. Aeonium canariensis , 28.53333ºN 16.25500ºW, 820 m, 15 Oct 2008, Sanchez, 12♂♂, 6♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000315 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000332 ) GoogleMaps ; Los Realejos–Icod road, ex. Aeonium canariensis , 28.38000ºN 16.59861ºW, 516 m, 16 October 2008, Sanchez, 23♂♂, 17♀♀ ( IMIDA _ ENT 00000267 - IMIDA _ ENT 00000306 ) ( IMIDA) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis

Dicyphus rubicundus is recognized by the following combination of characters: macropters and brachypters in both sexes; body length 4.29–4.45 mm in macropterous males, 2.76–3.04 mm in brachypterous males, 4.15–4.69 mm in macropterous females, 2.70–3.19 mm in brachypterous females; body stramineous to brown, with dark-brown markings ( Fig. 33); frons+vertex with dark brown X-shaped marking; clypeus mostly stramineous; mandibular plate stramineous; maxillary plates dark brown; thorax brown, with dark markings posterolaterally on callosite region and mesoscutum; brown markings on corial fracture, apex of endocorium and tip of cuneus in macropters; hemelytra mostly pale, whitish, stramineous, generally with dark spots at base of setae; AI short, mostly stramineous to brown, with subbasal and subapical dark reddish brown annulations; AII mostly stramineous with subbasal brown annulation and distal 1/4 dark brown; pygophore with large posteroventral brown spot; left paramere apophysis greatly elongate and strongly recurved, with shaft not expanded and outer margin minutely denticulate proximally ( Fig. 11A); aedeagus with three endosomal lobes, medial lobe with 5–11 small lobal sclerites, lateral lobes densely spinulate ( Fig. 31B).

Redescription

Males. Macropters and brachypters examined.

Coloration ( Fig. 33): Dorsum mostly brown with darker markings, plus orange/red highlighting. Head: frons+vertex with a X-shaped dark-brown marking, extending to posterior margin of eyes; vertex orange; postocular margins of head orange medium brown; gula and bucculae stramineous; clypeus stramineous with medium-brown highlighting dorsally; mandibular plates stramineous; maxillary plate embrowned. Antennae: AI with subbasal and subapical dark reddish brown annulations, stramineous to light brown medially; AII mostly stramineous, with subbasal annulation and distal 1/4 dark brown; AIII and AIV concolorous, uniformly light to medium brown; antennae often paler overall in brachypters, with AII sometimes without brown markings, or faint at most, and AIII and AIV paler brown to stramineous. Pronotum: collar variable from stramineous to brown, translucent; callosite region with variable embrownment; disk stramineous, humeral angles embrowned. Thoracic pleura and sterna: propleuron most often with shiny dark brown transverse band, ventral margin stramineous overall, with reddish highlighting, more so in some brachypters; mesobasisternum most often medium brown, sometimes bicoloured with light reddish brown mottling; mesepimeron whitish to stramineous; metepisternum varying from mostly medium brown to brown intermixed with stramineous highlighting. Mesoscutum: mostly orange, with faint embrownment laterally, darker reddish brown laterally in some brachypters. Scutellum : lateral angles broadly pale stramineous to whitish with dark reddish brown stripe along midline. Hemelytra : translucent, mostly stramineous with medium-brown to reddish brown markings/ highlighting, generally with dark spots at base of setae; with three pairs of medium-brown to reddish brown markings, each pair at corial fracture, apex of endocorium and tip of cuneus; membrane veins embrowned; mostly translucent with two pairs of faint brown spots distally in brachypters. Abdomen: venter mostly stramineous, with basal sternites and lateral regions of pregenital sternites dark brown, sometimes with red or orange highlighting; pygophore mostly stramineous, with anterior embrownment and large dark-brown spot posteroventrally.

Structure: Head: interocular distance 1.52–1.63× greater than eye width in macropters, 1.55–1.76× in brachypters. Antennae: AI 1.49–1.66× longer than interocular distance in macropters, 1.39–1.51× in brachypters; AII 1.11–1.25× longer than posterior width of pronotum in macropters, 1.35–1.44× in brachypters. Pronotum: disk 1.04–1.37× longer than callosite region in macropters, 0.74–1.37× in brachypters. Male genitalia: left paramere apophysis greatly elongate and strongly recurved distally, shaft straight and not expanded, with outer margin minutely denticulate proximally ( Fig. 11A); aedeagus with three endosomal lobes, medial lobe with 5–11 small endosomal lobal sclerites, lateral lobes densely spinulate ( Fig. 31B).

Females. Macropters and brachypters examined. Coloration, vestiture, texture and structure mostly as in males. Head; interocular distance 1.47–1.68× longer than eye width in macropters, 1.36–1.60× in brachypters. Antennae: AI 1.39–1.48× longer than interocular distance in macropters, 1.42–1.53× in brachypters; AII length 0.96–1.07× posterior pronotal width in macropters, 1.18–1.26× longer in brachypters. Pronotum: disk 1.15–1.32× longer than callosite region, 0.70–0.81× in brachypters.