Hadruroides (Lourencoides) apu, Ythier & Lourenço, 2023

Hadruroides (Lourencoides) apu View in CoL sp. n.

( Fig. 1-9, Tab. 1)

ZooBank:https://zoobank.org/ DAD8C7EB-DAF9-476B-BA2C-C6CD858DECB5

Holotype, ♂, Peru, Apurimac, Abancay, nr. Bosque Ampay , 13°36.61 S, 72°54.95 W, 10,884 f. (3,317 m) alt., baited pitfall, forest, 30/IV/ 1998 - 18/V/1998 (P. Parrillo), deposited in the MNHN. GoogleMaps

Paratypes, 2 ♀, same as holotype (1 ♀ deposited in the MNHN & 1 ♀ deposited in the EYCP (EY0436)).

Etymology. – The specific name is placed in apposition to the generic name and refers to the Incan god (or spirit) of the mountains,

reflecting the high-altitude habitat of the new species. Indeed, Hadruroides apu sp. n. has been collected at an elevation of 3,317 m a.s.l. which is among highest altitudes recorded for the genus ( Fig. 11).

Diagnosis. – Species of small to moderate size when compared with the average size of the other species of the genus; total length of adult male 31.5 mm, adult female 34.1-39.9 mm (see measurements of male holotype and one female paratype in Table 1). General coloration yellowish to yellowish brown with darker pigmented zones on carapace, mesosoma, metasoma and appendages. Mesosoma yellowish with confluent brownish spots on all tergites but not forming longitudinal stripes. Legs pale yellow with variegated greyish spots on both prolateral and retrolateral faces. Carapace and tergites I-VI smooth except for some minute granulation laterally. Pectines with 14-14 teeth in male, 12-12 teeth in female; 10-12 middle lamellae in male, 7-9 in female. Metasomal segment I wider than long and II-V longer than wide. Pedipalp chela slender in male (length to width ratio 3.82, length to depth ratio 3.42), broad in female (length to width ratio 2.96-3.03, length to depth ratio 2.96-2.97); fixed finger straight in both sexes, without proximal gap between fixed and movable fingers.

Description (based on male holotype and females paratypes; measurements in Table I).

Coloration. – General coloration yellowish to yellowish brown with darker pigmented zones on carapace, mesosoma, metasoma and appendages. Prosoma: carapace yellowish with dark spots on posterior, lateral and interocular areas; eyes surrounded by black pigment. Mesosoma yellowish with confluent brownish spots on all tergites but not forming longitudinal stripes. Metasoma yellowish with variegated brownish spots on all segments, more pronounced posteriorly. Vesicle yellowish (male) to reddish yellow (female) with the base of the aculeus reddish yellow and the tip reddish. Venter pale yellow. Chelicerae pale yellow with greyish reticulation at the base of fingers; fingers pale yellow with teeth reddish. Pedipalps: femur and patella yellowish with variegated brownish spots, chela manus yellowish, fingers reddish yellow. Legs pale yellow with variegated greyish spots on both prolateral and retrolateral faces of all segments except on telotarsus.

Morphology. Carapace smooth except for some minute granulation laterally; anterior margin slightly convex. Median eyes separated by one ocular diameter. Three pairs of lateral ocelli. Mesosoma: tergites I-VI smooth except for some minute granulation on lateral areas; tergite VII coarsely granular. Sternum subpentagonal. Pectines: pectinal teeth count 14- 14 in male, 12- 12 in females; 10-12 middle lamellae in male, 7-9 in females. Sternites smooth; spiracles suboval. Metasomal segments I-IV with marked dorsal and dorsolateral carinae; ventral and ventrolateral carinae smooth in male, scarcely granulated on I-III and smooth on IV in female; segment V with dorsal carinae obsolete and ventral carinae strongly granulated. Metasomal segment I wider than long and II-V longer than wide in both sexes. Telson moderately elongated; vesicle smooth in male, moderately granulated ventrally in female. Cheliceral dentition characteristic of the genus; movable finger with two subdistal teeth and one prominent basal tooth on internal surface; dorsal surface with two macrosetae near base of fingers. Pedipalps: femur with three complete carinae; patella with four complete carinae; chela acarinate. Pedipalp femur with some granulation internally; patella and chela smooth. Chela slender in male (length to width ratio 3.82, length to depth ratio 3.42), broad in female (length to width ratio 2.96-3.03, length to depth ratio 2.96-2.97). Chela with 6 longitudinal series of granules on movable and fixed fingers; fixed finger straight in both sexes, without proximal gap between fixed and movable fingers when fingers are closed. Trichobothriotaxy: typical of the genus; femur with three trichobothria, patella with 20 trichobothria, chela with 26 trichobothria. Legs: tibial spurs absent, prolateral and retrolateral pedal spurs present. Sexual dimorphism present with metasoma and chela slenderer in male than in female.

Comparisons. – Hadruroides (L.) apu sp. n. appears to be related to Hadruroides (L.) mauryi Francke & Soleglad, 1980 , described from Cusco region and Hadruroides (L.) bustamantei Ochoa & Chaparro, 2008 , distributed in Ayacucho and Huancavelica regions ( Fig. 10). All three species may represent vicariant species.

The new species can however be distinguished from H. (L.) mauryi by the following main features:

(i) smaller general size with 31.5 mm in male and 34.1-39.9 mm in female (40-50 mm in both sexes of H. (L.) mauryi ),

(ii) general coloration yellowish to yellowish brown with evident darker spots on carapace, mesosoma, metasoma and appendages (brownish with only faint darker spots along the posterior margin of tergites in H. (L.) mauryi ),

(iii) carapace and tergites I-VI smooth except for some minute granulation laterally (carapace moderately to densely granulose except on anterior half of interocular area and tergites I-VI sparsely granulose on anterior half and moderately granulose on posterior half in H. (L.) mauryi ),

(iv) lower pectinal tooth count with 14-14 teeth in male and 12-12 teeth in female (19-20teeth in male and 15-18 teeth in female H. (L.) mauryi ) and higher number of middle lamellae with 10-12 in male and 7-9 in female (7-8 in male and 6-8 in female H. (L.) mauryi ),

(v) metasomal segment I wider than long and II-V longer than wide (I-III wider than long and IV-V longer than wide in H. (L.) mauryi ), (vi) chela slenderer in male with length to width ratio 3.82 (2.70-2.80 in H. (L.) mauryi ) and length to depth ratio 3.42 (2.97 in H. (L.) mauryi ) and broader in female with length to width ratio 2.96-3.03 (3.23 in H. (L.) mauryi ) and length to depth ratio 2.96-2.97 (3.33 in H. (L.) mauryi ), (vii) fixed finger straight in both sexes, without proximal gap between fixed and movable fingers (curved, with a proximal gap in H. (L.) mauryi ).

H. (L.) apu sp. n. can also be readily distinguished from H. (L.) bustamantei by the following main features:

(i) smaller general size with 31.5 mm in male and 34.1-39.9 mm in female (44.0- 49.5 mm in male and 44.8-47.6 mm in female H. (L.) bustamantei ), (ii) mesosoma with confluent darker spots on tergites but not forming longitudinal stripes (paired dorsosubmedian and dorsolateral darker spots forming four distinct longitudinal stripes along mesosoma in H. (L.) bustamantei ),

(iii) legs with variegated spots on both prolateral and retrolateral faces (only on prolateral face in H. (L.) bustamantei ),

(iv) carapace and tergites I-VI smooth except for some minute granulation laterally (carapace granulose especiallylaterallyand posteriorly andtergites I-VI finely granulose especially posteriorly in H. (L.) bustamantei ),

(v) lower pectinal tooth count with 14-14 teeth in male and 12-12 teeth in female (19-21 teeth in male and 14-19 teeth in female H. (L.) bustamantei ), (vi) chela slenderer in male with length to width ratio 3.82 (3.09-3.36 in H. (L.) bustamantei ) and length to depth ratio 3.42 (2.96-3.14 in H. (L.) bustamantei ) and broader in female with length to width ratio 2.96-3.03 (3.17-3.57 in H. (L.) bustamantei ) and length to depth ratio 2.96-2.97 (3.04-3.41 in H. (L.) bustamantei ),

(vii) fixed finger straight in both sexes, without proximal gap between fixed and movable fingers (curved, with a proximal gap in H. (L.) bustamantei ).