Paragnia fulvomaculata Gahan, 1893

Paragnia fulvomaculata Gahan, 1893 View in CoL ḦĦK+

Figures 1–26 View FIGURES 1–6 View FIGURES 7–11 View FIGURES 12–22 View FIGURES 23–26 , 44 View FIGURE 44

Paragnia fulvomaculata Gahan, 1893: 385 View in CoL ( type locality: “Mungphu, Sikkim, India ”); Aurivillius, 1922: 121 (Catalogue); Breuning, 1961: 341 (Catalogue); Rondon & Breuning, 1970: 445, fig. 30a; Hua, 1985: 190 (Catalogue); Chiang, 1986: 51; Hua, 2002: 222 (Catalogue); Hua et al., 2009: 104, pl. CIV, fig. 1189 (Misidentification); Löbl & Smetana, 2010: 284 (Catalogue); Xie et al., 2012: 4, figs 2, 5; Weigel et al., 2013: 119 (Catalogue), pl. 37e; Kariyanna et al., 2017: 164 (Catalogue); Lin & Yang, 2019 (Catalogue).

Stegenagapanthia aureomaculata Chiang & Li, 1984: 97 View in CoL , 100, fig. 2 ( type locality: “ Changning , Yunnan, China ”).

Redescription. Male. Body length: 10.0– 13.2 mm, humeral width: 3.0–5.0 mm (22 individuals); one specimen ( Figs 1–3 View FIGURES 1–6 , 7–8, 11–22 View FIGURES 7–11 View FIGURES 12–22 ), body length: 11.0 mm, humeral width: 3.5 mm. Body reddish brown, basal 1/3 of antennomere IV, antennomeres V–X (except for apex) and antennomere XI yellowish brown, antennomeres III–X dark brown apically; prothorax (except for dorsal apex), elytra (except for suture, apical 1/6 and periphery of the yellow setal marks), mesoventrite, sides of metaventrite and urosternites I–II black ( Figs 1–3 View FIGURES 1–6 ).

Frons sparsely covered with short yellow and black setae ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 7–11 ), antennal tubercles, scape (except ventrally), pedicel (except ventrally) and apical 3/5 of antennomere IV moderately with dense short black setae, antennomeres IV–X with several long black setae ventrally and with several short black setae apically; scape (ventrally), pedicel (except dorsum) and antennomere III with sparse short grayish white setae; basal 2/5 of antennomere IV with moderately dense short light-yellow setae ( Figs 1–3 View FIGURES 1–6 ). Each elytron with three irregular yellow setal spots on basal 1/3 close to suture and with sparse short light yellow setae at apex inside ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1–6 ). Prosternum and mesoventrite sparsely covered with short light-yellow setae, metaventrite sparsely covered with semi-erect brown setae ( Fig. 2 View FIGURES 1–6 ).

Antennae 1.7 times as long as body, antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape= 0.48, pedicel= 0.08, IV= 0.89, V= 0.61, VI= 0.53, VII= 0.52, VIII= 0.45, IX= 0.40, X= 0.34, XI= 0.42. Inner side of antennomeres VI–X triangularly processed near base ( Figs 1–2 View FIGURES 1–6 ). The raised portion on pronotum slightly notched posteriorly ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 7–11 ). Elytra 2 times as long as wide at base. Hind wing with Cu vein connected with a short cross vein near the middle, MP 3+4 and MP 4 veins closed to each other, r4 vein connected with sr vein in the middle ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 7–11 ). Urosternite V sub-truncate apically ( Fig. 2 View FIGURES 1–6 ).

Male terminalia. Tergite VIII ( Figs 12–13 View FIGURES 12–22 ) sub-hexagonal, truncate apically. Stem of spiculum gastrale more than 2 times as long as branches ( Figs 14–16 View FIGURES 12–22 ), hook-like basally in lateral view ( Fig. 15 View FIGURES 12–22 ). Tegmen ( Figs 17–19 View FIGURES 12–22 ) shorter than penis, dorsum of parameres nearly glabrous, only covered with several short thick brown setae near apex; phallobase expanded near apical 1/3 and gradually tapered to base, then curved near the basal 1/ 6 in lateral view ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 12–22 ). Dorsal struts of penis slightly curved and constricted near base in profile ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 12–22 ).

Female. Similar to male, except for body length: 11.0–16.0 mm, humeral width: 4.0– 5.4 mm (11 individuals); one specimen ( Figs 23–26 View FIGURES 23–26 ), body length: 11.0 mm, humeral width: 4.0 mm. Antennae 1.3 times as long as body, antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape= 0.59, pedicel= 0.11, IV= 0.84, V= 0.57, VI= 0.46, VII= 0.37, VIII= 0.32, IX= 0.27, X= 0.22, XI= 0.24. Elytra 2 times as long as wide at base. Hind wing with shorter CuA 2 vein, MP 3+4 and MP 4 veins far from each other, sr vein absent ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 23–26 ). Urosternite V densely covered with brown setae apically, slightly depressed at apical half and notched apically ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 23–26 ).

Intraspecific variation. The variation occurs mainly in body color: males with head, antennae, elytra (suture, apical 1/6 and periphery of the yellow setal marks), metaventrite (middle), ventrites III–V, and legs reddish brown ( Figs 1–3 View FIGURES 1–6 , 7 View FIGURES 7–11 ) or yellowish brown ( Figs 4–6 View FIGURES 1–6 , 9 View FIGURES 7–11 ); prothorax black ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 7–11 ) or reddish brown ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 7–11 ). Females with pronotum reddish brown ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 23–26 ) or dark reddish brown ( Fig. 24 View FIGURES 23–26 ), elytra reddish brown ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 23–26 ) or black at basal half except periphery of the yellow setal marks ( Fig. 24 View FIGURES 23–26 ). In both sexes the amount and shape of yellow setal marks on elytra varies.

Type material examined. Holotype: female ( BMNH), Mungphu, Sikkim, India, E.F. Atkinson leg.

Additional material examined. CHINA: Sichuan: 1 male ( CJBH), Panzhihua , VI.2018, Ben-Fu Mou leg. ; 1 male ( IZCAS), Dechang, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture , 12.VI.1961, Ding-Xi Liao leg. ; Xizang: 1 female ( IZCAS), 20k, Motuo, Linzhi , 29.65788° N, 95.48982° E, alt. 2015 m, 6.VII.2012, Gan-Yan Yang leg. GoogleMaps ; 1 male and 1 female ( IZCAS), Suotong, Guxiang, Bomi , Linzhi , 14.VIII.2012, Gan-Yan Yang leg. ; Yunnan: Baoshan: 1 male ( SWU), Changning , alt. 1800 m, 13.VI.1979, Changning Group leg. ; Chuxiong: 1 female ( SWU), Dayao , 16.VII.2012, Ji-Hui Liu leg. ; Dali: 1 female ( YAFG), Mt. Jizu, Binchuan , alt. 1860 m, 20.VI.1982, Xu Du leg. , host plant: Alnus cremastogyne ; Lincang: 1 male ( SWU), Shili, Fengqing , alt. 2200 m, 11.VII.1980, Fu Zhang leg. ; 1 male ( SWU), Cangyuan , VII.2007, Gui-Yi Wu leg. ; Puer : 1 male ( CGQH), Meizi Lake Park, 21.V.2016, Lu Qiu Leg .; 1 female ( IZCAS), Dean , 23.40762° N, 101.15717° E, alt. 1360–1400 m, 23.VII.2010, Wan-Gang Liu leg. GoogleMaps ; Xishuangbanna: 1 male ( IZCAS), alt. 1700 m, Shu-Yong Wang leg. ; 1 male ( YZU), Mengsong, Menglong , Jing- hong, alt. 1600 m, 25.IV.1958, Hua-Han Cheng leg. ; 2 males ( IZCAS), Mengsong, Menglong, Jinghong , alt. 1600 m, 25.IV.1958, Xu-Wu Meng leg. ; 1 male ( IZCAS), Mengzhe, Menghai, Jinghong , alt. 1200 m, 15.VI.1958, Fu-Ji Pu leg. ; 1 female ( IZCAS), Mengsong, Menglong, Jinghong , alt. 1600 m, 25.IV.1958, Chun-Pei Hong leg. ; 1 female ( IZCAS), Mengzhe, Menghai, Jinghong , alt. 1700 m, 23.VI.1958, Shu-Yong Wang leg. ; LAOS: Houaphan: 1 male and 1 female ( CXG), Ban Saleui, Mt. Phu Phan , VI.2011, local collector leg .; 1 male ( CGC), ditto, 7.V.2012, local collector leg .; 1 male ( CST), ditto, V.2011, local collector leg .; 1 male ( CSH), ditto, 1.V.2012, Xavier Gouverneur leg. ; 1 male ( CSH), VI.2017, local collector leg .; 1 male ( CFV), ditto, 20°12' N, 103°59' E, 1–20.V.2014, S. Jakl leg. GoogleMaps ; Xiang Khuang: 1 male ( CST), Maeng Ngan , V.2013, local collector leg .; 1 male ( CGQH), Muang Phang , 5– 15.V.2019, local collector leg .; 1 male ( CSH), VI.2013, local collector leg .; VIETNAM: Yên Bái: 1 male ( CGQH), IV.2019, local collector leg .; Lào Cai: 1 male ( CSH), Ban Khoang , Hoang Lien NP, 22°22.780' N, 103°47.640' E, alt. 2064 m, 15.V.2015, Andre Skale leg. GoogleMaps ; 1 male ( CSH), Tram Ton , Hoang Lien NP, 22°21.197' N, 103°46.513' E, alt. 1800–2050 m, 13–16.V.2015, Andre Skale leg. GoogleMaps ; 1 female ( CSH), Sapa, Ta Phin , 22°23.196' N, 103°48.701' E, alt. 2318 m, 26.VI–1.VII.2017, N.H. Binh leg. GoogleMaps ; Vĩnh Phúc: 1 female ( CSH), Tam Dao NP, VI.2016, J. Netusil leg.

Distribution. China ( Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), India ( Sikkim), Laos ( Houaphan, Xiang Khuang), and Vietnam ( Lào Cai, Vĩnh Phúc, Yên Bái—New country record).

Remarks. The gender of the holotype was originally unspecified, but it is clearly a female based on antennal length versus body length.