Walteriella brunnea ( Wittmer, 1955 )

Walteriella brunnea ( Wittmer, 1955)

Figs. 1C–D View FIGURE 1 , 3B, F–H View FIGURE 3 , 4A–B, E View FIGURE 4 , 5E–H View FIGURE 5 , 6E View FIGURE 6 , 7B View FIGURE 7 , 8B View FIGURE 8 , 9B View FIGURE 9 , 10 View FIGURE 10

Podabrinus brunneus Wittmer, 1955: 40 .

Pseudoabisidia brunneus : Wittmer 1969: 128.

Athemellus brunneus : Wittmer 1972: 124.

Lycocerus brunneus : Kazantsev & Brancucci 2007: 249.

Walteriella brunnea : Satô et al. 2014: 57.

Type material examined. Holotype ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ): ♂: “Taiheizan / Formosa. / V – 6 – 32 // L. Gressitt / Collection // Holotypus // Podabrinus / brunneus / Wittm. / det. W. Wittmer // California Academy / of Sciences / Type No. 7784” ( CAS).

Additional material examined. KAOHSIUNG CITY: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Daguihu , 11.V.2023, C.-H. Ma & I.-L. Lee leg. ( YHC) . NEW TAIPEI CITY: 1 ♀, 25.020332, 121.940902, Wazhi, Gongliao , 2.III.2019, HID Light Trap, B.- H. Ho & J.-J. Cherng leg. ( YHC) GoogleMaps . NANTOU COUNTY: 1 ♀, Sungkang , 28.IV.1996, C. Lou leg. ( KURA) ; 1 ♂, Piluchi [=Pilu Creek, Renai], 7–15.V.1997, Malaise Trap, M.-M. Yang leg. ( NMNS: NMNS ENT 2708-305 View Materials ) ; 1 ♂, Meifeng , 7.V.–11.VI.2002, Malaise Trap ( KCN), C.-S. Lin & W.-T. Yang leg. ( NMNS: NMNS ENT 4912-828 View Materials ) ; 1 ♀, 23.6593442, 120.8053385, Fenghuang Forest Road, Lugu , 17.IV.2025, By Hand, Y.-T. Chung leg. ( YHC) GoogleMaps . TAICHUNG CITY: 1 ♀, Dasyueshan National Forest Recreation Area, 24°15′N, 121°00′E, 2100–2300 m, Heping , 4.VI.2010, T. Tsuru leg. ( KURA) GoogleMaps . TAOYUAN CITY: 1 ♂, Lalashan , 2.V.1981, S. Tsuyuki leg. ( KURA) ; 2 ♂, Lalashan , 14.V.2009, C.-F. Lee leg. ( TARI) . PINGTUNG COUNTY: 1 ♀, Dahenshan [=Tahanshan Forest Road], 6.IV.2013, W.-R. Liang leg. ( NHMUK) ; 1 ♂, Mt. Dahanshan [=Tahanshan], ca. 1300m, Chunri , 26.III.2018, T. Niisato leg. ( KURA) ; 1 ♂, same locality, 27.III.2018, T. Niisato leg. ( KURA) ; 1 ♀, 22.4071N 120.7575E, Jinshuiying Historic Trail, 0–2 km, alt. 1470 m, Chunri , 11.IV.2025, By Sweeping, B.-H. Ho & M. Geiser leg. ( BHHC) GoogleMaps . YILAN COUNTY: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Dabaishan [=Tabaishan], 14.IV.2015, L. Huang leg. ( YHC) .

Diagnosis. Adults of this species are externally extremely similar to W. sanguinea brevemarginata but distinguishable from it by the following characters (states of W. sanguinea brevemarginata in parentheses): semilustrous head and pronotum ( Fig. 4A–B View FIGURE 4 ) (head and pronotum shiny; Fig. 4C–D View FIGURE 4 ); head with more elongate vertex and surface densely punctate and pubescent ( Fig. 4A–B View FIGURE 4 ) (shorter vertex and surface relatively sparsely punctate and pubescent; Fig. 4C–D View FIGURE 4 ); males with relatively smaller and less protruding eyes, with ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0:2.8–3.7 ( Fig. 4A–B View FIGURE 4 ) (eyes large and strongly protruding, with ratio of eye diameter to interocular space 1.0:2.2–2.5; Fig. 4C–D View FIGURE 4 ); antennae usually elongate and slender ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 ) (usually slightly flattened; Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 ); elytra subparallel-sided ( Fig. 3F–H View FIGURE 3 ) (usually weakly to moderately widened apically; Fig. 3I– K View FIGURE 3 ); aedeagus: oval, dorsal plate of each paramere with rounded or obtuse apex, middle emargination oval ( Fig. 5E–H View FIGURE 5 ) (trapezoidal, dorsal plate of each paramere with acute apex, middle emargination with upper part distinctly widened; Fig. 5I–L View FIGURE 5 ); female genitalia: stout vagina, with accessory gland about 2.0 times as long as diverticulum ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ) (rounded vagina, accessory gland about 3.0 times as long as diverticulum; Fig. 8C View FIGURE 8 ).

Supplementary description

Male. Aedeagus ( Fig. 5E–H View FIGURE 5 ). Oval; globular and swollen dorsally at base. Ventral process of each paramere subcylindrical, slightly narrowed apically, slightly bent inwards; dorsal plate of each paramere with one well-developed apical tooth from caudal view, slightly longer than ventral process, distinctly curved inwards, rounded apically, forming a broad, oval middle emargination; laterophyses closely next to each other, distinctly bent dorsad, apically rounded, distinctly exceeding the middle emargination of dorsal plate.

Female. Abdominal ventrite VII ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ) with lateral margins weakly arcuate, terminal margin slightly sinuate laterally, with submedian rounded lobe on each side, angularly emarginate medially, with an angular, apically rounded and weakly sclerotised membrane behind the middle emargination. Female genitalia ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ) with vagina elongate and stout apically; diverticulum weakly spiralling, much longer than spermathecal duct; spermatheca with a weakly spiral and long tube, longer than diverticulum; accessory gland long, about 2.0 times as long as diverticulum.

Distribution and natural history. This species occurs extensively in the mountainous areas of Taiwan’s main island ( Fig. 9B View FIGURE 9 ), with records spanning from late February to middle June, and most observations falling between middle April and early May ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 ). It is found in sympatry with three other Walteriella species in Taiwan.