Dilophotopsis, Schuster, 1958

DILOPHOTOPSIS Schuster, 1958

( Figs 176–217 View FIGURES 176–187 View FIGURES 188–193 View FIGURES 194–205 View FIGURES 206–217 , 286 View FIGURES 286–287 )

Dilophotopsis Schuster, 1958: 5 (in key), 71. Type species: Dilophotopsis concolor ( Cresson, 1865) .

Dilophotopsis : Mickel 1963: 183. Female description.

Dilophotopsis : Wilson & Pitts 2008: 522. Key to species.

Diagnosis. FEMALE. Females can be recognized by the combination of these four characters: mandible basally with small sharp dorsal tooth and large ventral tooth; gena without ventral carina; mesosomal dorsum without short bushy plumose setae; and T2 without scattered tubercles basally, with separated punctures at least on posterior half. The following characters are also useful for identification: T1 shape narrowly petiolate and pygidial plate triangular with sculpture usually microreticulate. MALE. This genus can be recognized by the following combination of characters: mandible apically widely dilated and tridentate with large ventral tooth basally; mesosternal area armed with one tubercle or tooth on each side; and hypopygium flattened, posterior margin widely emarginate mesally, antero-laterally with longitudinal carina.

Included species. Three species, all known from both sexes: D. concolor ( Cresson, 1865) ; D. paron (Cameron, 1895) ; and D. stenognatha Schuster, 1958 .

Remarks. This genus was described by Schuster (1958) to include two species known from males only; one of the species, D. concolor , was split into multiple subspecies. Mickel (1963) described the female of D. stenognatha and Pitts et al. (2007) described the female of D. concolor . Subsequently, the genus was reviewed by Wilson & Pitts (2008) and one of the subspecies of D. concolor , D. c. paron , was raised to a full species, and the other subspecies were recognized as synonyms of D. concolor without subspecies designation. Below we describe the female of D. paron . All three species in this genus are now recognized from both sexes.

Key to Dilophotopsis

Females

1. Mesonotum and T2 disc setae pale yellow-gray, not contrasting with grayish head or T3–5 setae ( Figs 178–179 View FIGURES 176–187 ); T2 disc moderately flattened mesally with sculpture coarser anteriorly ( USA: AZ, CA, NV: Mojave and Sonoran Deserts)........................................................................................ D. paron (Cameron, 1895)

- Mesonotum and T2 disc setae orange to brown, contrasting with silvery head and T3–5 setae ( Figs 176–177, 180–181 View FIGURES 176–187 ); T2 disc variable............................................................................................. 2

2 (1). T2 clearly depressed mesally, anteriorly with coarse areolations; mesonotum and T2 disc with pale orange setae ( Figs 180– 181 View FIGURES 176–187 ); body length 10–14 mm ( USA: AZ: Sonoran Desert)............................. D. stenognatha Schuster, 1958

- T2 basically convex with similar sculpture throughout; mesonotum and T2 disc setae varying from orange to dark brown ( Figs 176–177 View FIGURES 176–187 ); body length 5–9 mm (widespread in northwestern and central USA).............. D. concolor ( Cresson, 1865)

Males

1. Mandible with apical half slender, with basically parallel dorsal and ventral margins ( Figs 203–204 View FIGURES 194–205 ); metasoma largely blackened ( Figs 192–193 View FIGURES 188–193 ); body length 15–18 mm ( USA: AZ: Sonoran Desert)............ D. stenognatha Schuster, 1958

- Mandible apically dilated, dorsal and ventral margins divergent posterior to excision ( Figs 195–196, 199–200 View FIGURES 194–205 ); metasoma at most with sides of T2 blackened ( Figs 188–191 View FIGURES 188–193 ); body length 8–13 mm.......................................... 2

2 (1). Cuspis rounded along outer margin, lacking carina at elbowed region ( Figs 210–211 View FIGURES 206–217 ); mesosternal process evenly rounded with shagreened apex ( Fig. 201 View FIGURES 194–205 ); legs usually entirely pale yellow-brown ( Figs 190–191 View FIGURES 188–193 ) ( USA: AZ, CA, NV: Mojave and Sonoran Deserts)......................................................................... D. paron (Cameron, 1895)

- Cuspis angular along outer margin, with carina at elbowed region ( Figs 206–207 View FIGURES 206–217 ); mesosternal process generally triangular with smooth apex ( Fig. 197 View FIGURES 194–205 ); apical portion of femur often dark brown ( Figs 188–189 View FIGURES 188–193 ) (widespread in northwestern and central USA)......................................................................... D. concolor ( Cresson, 1865)