Scaptomyza ( Elmomyza ) exigua (Grimshaw, 1901)

Scaptomyza ( Elmomyza) exigua View in CoL species group

Diagnosis. Species placed in this group are characterized by conspicuous posterior epandrial lobes in male terminalia. Mesonotum ranging from light to dark brown, densely gray pollinose, and with 6 regular rows of acrostichal setae.

Key to the Scaptomyza ( Elmomyza) exigua View in CoL species group

1. Male terminalia bears a sharp-pointed epandrial posterior lobe ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ). Scaptomyza cuspidata View in CoL species subgroup......... 2

- Male terminalia bears a broad and blunt epandrial posterior lobe ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 ). Scaptomyza exigua View in CoL species subgroup......... 9

2. Sharp-pointed epandrial lobe is large and strong, often extending beyond the margin of the cerci in lateral view ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ).... 3

- Sharp-pointed epandrial lobe is small, often not extending beyond the margin of the cerci in lateral view ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 )......... 6

3. Epandrial posterior lobe turns progressively narrower towards the tip ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 )..................................... 4

- Epandrial posterior lobe is broad and rounded in the proximal margin, with a pointed projection in the posterior region ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 )................................................................................................. 5

4. Surstylus is large and strongly curved in lateral view, with a row of seven surstylar teeth distributed in the dorsal portion ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ). Maui............................................................ Scaptomyza affinicuspidata Hardy, 1965 View in CoL

- Surstylus is large and slightly curved in posterior view, with a row of few and sparse surstylar teeth found in the dorsal portion ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 ). Hawaiʻi, Molokaʻi................................................. Scaptomyza articulata Hardy, 1965 View in CoL

5. Surstylus is large and curved in posterior view, in a similar shape as the epandrial posterior lobe in lateral view, with a row of eight surstylar teeth in the dorsal portion ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ). Hawaiʻi, Maui................... Scaptomyza cuspidata Hardy, 1965 View in CoL

- Surstylus is straight and broad in posterior view, with no surstylar teeth. The ventral region of the epandrium, epandrial posterior lobe, surstylus, and cerci are densely setose ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 ). Maui........................ Scaptomyza setosiloba Hardy, 1965 View in CoL

6. Epandrium greatly enlarged in lateral view, the anterodorsal margin extending significantly towards the dorsal region. Cerci conspicuously small ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 )............................................................................ 7

- Epandrium is not enlarged in lateral view. Cerci with a typical size ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 )....................................... 8

7. Epandrial posterior lobe with a narrow ventral process that is projected posteriorly. Surstylus short in lateral view, with a row of five surstylar teeth in the dorsal portion ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 ). Maui........................... Scaptomyza ostensa Hardy, 1965 View in CoL

- Epandrial posterior lobe with a rounded anteroventral region, with a process that projects posteriorly. Surstylus large and broad in lateral view, with no surstylar teeth. Hawaiʻi................................... Scaptomyza tenuata Hardy, 1965 View in CoL

8. Surstylus presents a row of five small surstylar teeth in the dorsal portion. The ventral region of the epandrium, epandrial posterior lobe, surstylus, and cerci are densely setose ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ). Maui....... Scaptomyza lonoi Rampasso & O’Grady , sp. nov.

- Surstylus presents ten surstylar teeth in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, not organized in a row. Terminalia not densely setose ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ). Maui.............................................. Scaptomyza kanaloai Rampasso & O’Grady , sp. nov.

9. Surstylus strongly curved in posterior view ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 )........................................................ 10

- Surstylus slightly curved in posterior view ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 )........................................................ 13

10. Epandrial posterior lobe large and square-shaped ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 )................................................... 11

- Epandrial posterior lobe smaller and not square-shaped ( Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 ).............................................. 12

11. Epandrium greatly enlarged anteroposteriorly. A row of five surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ). Hawaiʻi............................................. Scaptomyza kanei Rampasso & O’Grady , sp. nov.

- Epandrium not greatly enlarged anteroposteriorly. A row of four surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 ). Hawaiʻi, Maui, possibly Molokaʻi.......................... Scaptomyza exigua ( Grimshaw, 1901) View in CoL

12. Epandrium enlarged in comparison to the terminalia, significantly extending dorsally.Epandrial posterior lobes are proportionally small and blunt ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 ). Hawaiʻi............................................... Scaptomyza setiger Hardy, 1965 View in CoL

- Epandrium is not enlarged dorsally. Epandrial posterior lobes are broad and acute at apex ( Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 ). Oʻahu, Kauaʻi................................................................................... Scaptomyza varia Hardy, 1965 View in CoL

13. Epandrial posterior lobe broad and blunt. No surstylar tooth is observed ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 ). Hawaiʻi, Maui............................................................................................. Scaptomyza photophilia Hardy, 1965 View in CoL

- Epandrial posterior lobe small and acute at the apex. Dorsal portion of surstylus is enlarged and extends posteriorly. A row of seven surstylar teeth is distributed in the dorsal portion of the surstylus, concentrated in the region that extends posteriorly ( Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 ). Oʻahu..................................................... Scaptomyza kui Rampasso & O’Grady , sp. nov.