Sinopoda curva Zhong, Jäger, Chen & Liu, 2019

Sinopoda curva Zhong, Jäger, Chen & Liu, 2019 View in CoL

Sinopoda curva Zhong, Jäger, Chen & Liu View in CoL , in Zhong et al. 2019: 23, figs. 18 A-C and 19 A-F (description of male).

Materials

Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yang Zhong; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 male; lifeStage: 1 adult; preparations: whole animal (ETOH); occurrenceID: E3D36967-560E-5B31-B99F-96F28F8C8046; Taxon: scientificName: Sinopoda curva ; order: Araneae ; family: Sparassidae ; genus: Sinopoda ; specificEpithet: curva ; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhong, Jäger, Chen & Liu, 2019; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Guangxi; county: Wuming; locality: Damingshan National Nature Reserve ; verbatimElevation: 603 m; decimalLatitude: 23.53; decimalLongitude: 108.37; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Yang Zhong; dateIdentified: 12-12 - 2024; identificationReferences: Zhong et al. 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: hand picking; samplingEffort: 10 km by foot; eventDate: 27 / 5 / 2017; year: 2017; month: 5; day: 27; Record Level: language: en; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yang Zhong; individualCount: 3; sex: 1 male, 2 female; lifeStage: 3 adults; preparations: whole animal (ETOH); associatedSequences: PV 341275; PV 341276; PV 341277; occurrenceID: 7556B420-7D2E-5F04-BB22-F042B9240AB7; Taxon: scientificName: Sinopoda curva ; order: Araneae ; family: Sparassidae ; genus: Sinopoda ; specificEpithet: curva ; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: Zhong, Jäger, Chen & Liu, 2019; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Fujian; municipality: Wuyishan; locality: Wuyishan National Nature Reserve ; verbatimElevation: 1200 m; decimalLatitude: 27.58; decimalLongitude: 117.48; georeferenceProtocol: label; Identification: identifiedBy: Yang Zhong; dateIdentified: 12-12 - 2024; identificationReferences: Zhong et al. 2019; Event: samplingProtocol: hand picking; samplingEffort: 10 km by foot; eventDate: 23 / 12 / 2023; year: 2023; month: 12; day: 23; Record Level: language: en; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Description

Female ( WYSZY 007) (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 D and E). Total length 18.9. Prosoma 9.2 long, 8.4 wide, anterior width of prosoma 4.5. Opisthosoma 9.7 long, 5.5 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.37, ALE 0.59, PME 0.44, PLE 0.58, AME – AME 0.54, AME – ALE 0.20, PME – PME 0.76, PME – PLE 0.99, AME – PME 0.70, ALE – PLE 0.71, CH AME 0.57, CH ALE 0.61. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2121, 1014; Fe: I – III 323, IV 321; Pa: I – IV 101; Ti: I – IV 2026; Mt: I – II 1014, III 2024, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 11.7 (3.2, 2.0, 2.5, 4.0), I 26.9 (7.4, 3.9, 6.7, 6.8, 2.1), II 29.6 (8.2, 4.3, 7.7, 7.1, 2.3), III 24.2 (7.3, 3.4, 6.0, 5.5, 2.0), IV 25.9 (7.5, 2.7, 6.6, 6.9, 2.2). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth and with ~ 55–60 denticles.

Colouration in ethanol (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 D and E). Carapace dark yellowish to brown, with light brown submarginal transversal band at posterior part. Median band of carapace bright yellowish-brown, lateral bands dark brown and not distinctly delimited to median band. Fovea and radial furrows distinctly marked. Chelicerae dark brown. Sternum reddish-brown, margin distinctly lighter. Endites and labium brown, both with distal parts brighter. Legs dark yellowish-brown, covered by dark spots and short spines. Dorsal abdomen anteriorly yellowish-brown, posteriorly dark brown and with three pairs of inconspicuous black dots on each side; ventral abdomen reddish-brown with irregular pattern and two diagonal yellow lines between epigastric furrow and spinnerets.

Copulatory organ (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A – C). Epigynal field ca. 1.5 × wider than long; anterior margin distinct, trilobate, anterolaterally with two small u-shaped incisions separated by ca. 7.5 × widths; anterior bands (AB) curved, long and distinct, nearly ‘ ∫ ’ - shaped, situated at the two incisions. Lobal septum (LS) wide, anterior part about 1 / 6 width of epigynal plate, gradually wider to the posterior. Lateral lobes (LL) subtriangular, nearly as long as wide, fused along a fovea (LF) on the central axis; lobal fovea (LF) longitudinal, about 2 / 3 length of lobal septum, clothed with short, dense hairs; anterior margins of lateral lobes (amLL) distinctly procurved and delimited; posterior margins of lateral lobes (pmLL) slightly procurved and bilobed, with small median incision. Internal ducts (ID) thick, nearly 1 / 6 width of epigynal plate, running parallel along median line, nearly as long as epigyne length. Glandular appendages (GA) thumb-like, slightly inflated, extending obliquely. Posterior part of spermathecae (PP) globular, moderately large, widely separated by about 3 × diameters. Fertilisation ducts (FD) acicular, membranous, located on dorsal-basal surface of spermathecae. Membranous sac (MS) between fertilisation ducts, more or less disc-shaped.

Male ( WYSZY 006) (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 D and E). Total length 17.6. Prosoma 9.0 long, 8.6 wide, anterior width of prosoma 5.4. Opisthosoma 8.6 long, 5.3 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.46, ALE 0.55, PME 0.42, PLE 0.57, AME – AME 0.39, AME – ALE 0.18, PME – PME 0.56, PME – PLE 0.81, AME – PME 0.57, ALE – PLE 0.65, CH AME 0.31, CH ALE 0.33. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 1021; Fe: I – III 323, IV 321; Pa: I – IV 101; Ti: I 2426, II – IV 2326; Mt: I – III 2024, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 12.4 (4.0, 1.9, 2.1, 4.4), I 34.6 (9.0, 4.3, 8.7, 9.4, 3.2), II 36.5 (9.6, 4.5, 9.4, 10.0, 3.0), III 27.8 (8.0, 3.9, 7.0, 6.7, 2.2), IV 30.1 (8.6, 2.9, 7.7, 8.2, 2.7). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth and with ~ 48–55 denticles.

Pattern and colouration (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 D and E). As in females, but body slightly lighter (see Zhong et al. (2019) for description of others).

Palp (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 A – C, Fig. 3 View Figure 3 A, B, Fig. 4 View Figure 4 A and B). Tibia (Ti) moderately long, ca. 1 / 2 cymbium length, with bifurcated retrolateral apophysis (RTA) arising medially and U-shaped in retrolateral view, both ventral and dorsal branches distinctly protruding: dorsal branch (dRTA) finger-like, slightly curved and tapering, ca. 2 / 3 of tibia length, extending to cymbial base; ventral branch (vRTA) subtriangular in retrolateral view, relatively short, ca. 1 / 2 length of dRTA, apex round. Cymbium (Cy) ca. 2 × longer than wide, retrolaterally with indistinct bulge (CB). Tegulum (T) oval, ca. 1.4 × longer than wide, posteriorly slightly bulged, slightly excavated on prolatero-apical side to accommodate embolus (Em) and conductor (C); spermophor (Sp) indistinct and slightly curved, (- shaped in ventral view). Embolus (E) long, nearly Ƨ-shaped in ventral view, ca. 1.5 × longer than tegular length; the embolic base (EB) situated prolatero-proximal on tegulum (ca. 7–8 o’clock on tegulum); free part of the embolus (Em) slender and filamentous; embolic tip (ET) apically slightly widen, arrowhead-shaped, terminated at ca. 12 o’clock position. Embolic apophysis (EA) nearly as long as as embolus, extending alongside embolus, with hyaline apex slightly widen and folded. Conductor (C) membranous, ca. 2 / 5 of embolus length, sligtly curved, extending obliquely, arising at ca. 1 o’clock position from tegulum, terminating at ca. 12 o’clock position; conductor (C) proximally narrowed, directed prolaterally and apically beyond embolic tip (ET).

DNAbarcodes

5 ' ATGAATAATTTGAGTTTTTGACTTCTTCCTCCTTCTTTAATATTGTTGTTTGTTTCTTCTATAGTTGAAGTGGGAGTGGGAGCGGGGTGGACTATTTATCCTCCTTTGGCTTCTGTGATTGGGCATGCTGGTAGATCTGTGGATTTTGCTATTTTTTCTTTGCATTTAGCTGGAGCTTCTTCTATTATGGGTGCTATTAATTTTATTTCTACTATTATTAATATACGTTCTCCTGGAATAAGAATAGAAAGGGTTCCTTTATTTGTGTGATCTGTATTGATTACTGCGGTTTTATTATTATTGTCTTTACCGGTTTTAGCTGGTGCTATTACTATGCTTTTGACTGATCGAAATTTTAATACTTCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGAGGAGGTGATCCTGTTTTGTTTCAACATTTATTTTGGTTTTTTGGGCATCCTGAGGTTTATATTTTAATTTTACCTGGATTTGGTATTGTGTCTCATGTGATTAGCGGTTCAGTAGGTAAACGGGAGCCATTTGGAAGTTTAGGAATGATTTATGCTATGGTTGGGATTGGGGGAATAGGGTTTGTGGTATGAGCTCATCATATATTTTCTATTGGAATAGATGTGGATACTCGTGCTTATTTTACTGCTGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTGCCTACTGGAATTAAAATTTTTAGATGAATGGCGACCCTTCATGGATCTTATTTTAAAGTAGATACTTCATTAATGTGAAGAATTGGTTTTGTGTTTTTATTTACTTTAGGTGGAATTACTGGGGTAGTTCTTTCTAATTCTTCTTTAGATATTATTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTGTTGAGAATAGGTGCTGTGTTTGCTATTATAGCTGGAGTTATTTATTGATTTCCTTTATTTTTTGGGGTGGTTTTGAGAGAAAAGAAAACTAAATTGCAATTTTATGTTATGTTTATTGGAGTTAATATAACTTTTT 3 '

( WYSZY 006; male; Genebank accession number: PV 341275).

5 ' ATGAATAATTTGAGTTTTTGACTTCTTCCTCCTTCTTTAATATTGTTGTTTGTTTCTTCTATAGTTGAAGTGGGAGTGGGAGCGGGGTGGACTATTTATCCTCCTTTGGCTTCTGTGATTGGGCATGCTGGTAGATCTGTGGATTTTGCTATTTTTTCTTTGCATTTAGCTGGAGCTTCTTCTATTATGGGTGCTATTAATTTTATTTCTACTATTATTAATATACGTTCTCCTGGAATAAGAATAGAAAGGGTTCCTTTATTTGTGTGATCTGTATTGATTACTGCGGTTTTATTATTATTGTCTTTACCGGTTTTAGCTGGTGCTATTACTATGCTTTTGACTGATCGAAATTTTAATACTTCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGAGGAGGTGATCCTGTTTTGTTTCAACATTTATTTTGGTTTTTTGGGCATCCTGAGGTTTATATTTTAATTTTACCTGGCTTTGGTATTGTGTCTCATGTGATTAGCGGTTCAGTAGGTAAACGGGAGCCATTTGGAAGTTTAGGAATGATTTATGCTATGGTTGGGATTGGGGGAATAGGGTTTGTGGTATGAGCTCATCATATGTTTTCTATTGGAATAGATGTGGATACTCGTGCTTATTTTACTGCTGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTGCCTACTGGAATTAAAATTTTTAGATGAATGGCGACCCTTCATGGATCTTATTTTAAAGTAGATACTTCATTAATGTGAAGAATTGGTTTTGTGTTTTTATTTACTTTAGGTGGAATTACTGGAGTAGTTCTTTCTAATTCTTCTTTAGATATTATTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTGTTGAGAATAGGTGCTGTGTTTGCTATTATAGCTGGAGTTATTTATTGATTTCCTTTATTTTTTGGGGTGGTTTTGAGAGAAAAGAAAACTAAATTGCAATTTTATGTTATGTTTATTGGAGTTAATATAACTTTTT 3 '

( WYSZY 007; female; Genebank accession number: PV 341276).

5 ' ATGAATAATTTGAGTTTTTGACTTCTTCCTCCTTCTTTAATATTGTTGTTTGTTTCTTCTATAGTTGAAGTGGGAGTGGGAGCGGGGTGGACTATTTATCCTCCTTTGGCTTCTGTGATTGGGCATGCTGGTAGATCTGTGGATTTTACTATTTTTTCTTTGCATTTAGCTGGAGCTTCTTCTATTATGGGTGCTATTAATTTTATTTCTACTATTATTAATATACGTTCTCCTGGAATAAGAATAGAAAGGGTTCCTTTATTTGTGTGATCTGTATTGATTACTGCGGTTTTATTATTATTGTCTTTACCGGTTTTAGCTGGTGCTATTACTATGCTTTTGACTGATCGAAATTTTAATACTTCTTTTTTTGATCCTGCTGGAGGAGGTGATCCTGTTTTGTTTCAACATTTATTTTGGTTTTTTGGGCATCCTGAGGTTTATATTTTAATTTTACCTGGCTTTGGTATTGTGTCTCATGTGATTAGCGGTTCAGTAGGTAAACGGGAGCCATTTGGAAGTTTAGGAATGATTTATGCTATGGTTGGGATTGGGGGAATAGGGTTTGTGGTATGAGCTCATCATATATTTTCTATTGGAATAGATGTGGATACTCGTGCTTATTTTACTGCTGCTACTATAATTATTGCTGTGCCTACTGGAATTAAAATTTTTAGATGAATGGCGACCCTTCATGGATCTTATTTTAAAGTAGATACTTCATTAATGTGAAGAATTGGTTTTGTGTTTTTATTTACTTTAGGTGGAATTACTGGGGTAGTTCTTTCTAATTCTTCTTTAGATATTATTCTTCATGATACTTATTATGTAGTTGCTCATTTTCATTATGTGTTGAGAATAGGTGCTGTGTTTGCTATTATAGCTGGAGTTATTTATTGATTTCCTTTATTTTTTGGGGTGGTTTTGAGAGAAAAGAAAACTAAATTGCAATTTTATGTTATGTTTATTGGAGTTAATATAACTTTTT 3 '

( WYSZY 008; female; Genebank accession number: PV 341277).

Diagnosis

Females of S. curva can be easily distinguished from those of all other congeners, with the exception of Sinopoda exspectata Jäger & Ono, 2001 , by their similar internal ducts (ID), which are distinctly thick, with a diameter larger than that of glandular appendages (GA) and posterior part of spermathecae (PP) (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 C and Grall and Jäger (2020): 23, fig. 12 b) (vs. ID thinner than either GA or PP), but can be distinguished from the latter by: (1) lobal septum (LS) with a longitudinal fovea (LF) on the central axis (vs. fovea absent) (cf. Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A and B and Grall and Jäger (2020): fig. 12 a); (2) posterior margins of lateral lobes (pmLL) bilobed, with small median incision (vs. not bilobed, without median incision) (cf. Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A and B and Grall and Jäger (2020): fig. 12 a); (3) glandular appendages (GA) thumb-like, slightly inflated (vs. fingertip-like, not inflated) (cf. Fig. 1 View Figure 1 C and Grall and Jäger (2020): fig. 12 b). Males of S. curva can be distinguished from all other Sinopoda species by the combination of the following characters: (1) RTA U-shaped in retrolateral view (Fig. 4 View Figure 4 B) (vs. not U-shaped); (2) tip of embolic apophysis (EA) hyaline, slightly widened and folded (Fig. 3 View Figure 3 A, Fig. 4 View Figure 4 A, Fig. 2 View Figure 2 A and B) (vs. not widened or folded).

Distribution

China (Guangxi, Fujian) (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 ). The new collections extend the known range of this species by ~ 1060 km to the northeast (Wuyishan) from the type locality (Damingshan).

Biology

The species was found in leaf litter and on tree bark.