Buluka de Saeger, 1948

Key to the world species of Buluka de Saeger, 1948 View in CoL

Modified from AUSTIN (1989) and RANJITH et al. (2015) to include all species described till now. For the species not dealt with here, we provide their distribution between brackets, as well as host (only known for one species), references to descriptions and illustrations.An asterisk (*) indicates a new country record.

1 Gena and vertex striate, at least laterally ( Figs 1G View Fig ; 2A View Fig ). ........................................................................... 2

– Gena and vertex smooth ( Figs 3D View Fig ; 5A View Fig ; 6D View Fig ; 7E View Fig ; 9D View Fig ; 10D View Fig ; 11C View Fig ; 13G View Fig ; 14D View Fig ; 15C View Fig ; 16E View Fig ; 17C View Fig ). .............................. 3

2 Scutellum reticulate rugose medially; fore wing vein 2RS 1.2× as long as vein r-m; T1 with a projection laterally resembling a horn; tegula pale orange; metafemur apically brown to fully black; fore wing without infuscation around vein 1CUa ( Figs 1A–D View Fig ). ................................. B. horni Gupta, 2013 [ India. Description and illustrations in GUPTA (2013).]

– Scutellum smooth and polished medially; fore wing vein 2RS as long as vein r-m; T1 without lateral projections; tegula black; metafemur yellow anteriorly; fore wing without infuscation around vein 1CUa ( Figs 2B, C View Fig ). ............................ B. huddlestoni Austin, 1989 View in CoL [ Solomon Islands. Host: Imma thyridis Meyrick ( Lepidoptera View in CoL : Immidae View in CoL ). Description and illustrations in AUSTIN (1989).]

3 Posterior rim of metasoma slightly overhangs carapace in lateral view ( Figs 3A View Fig ; 4A View Fig ; 5C View Fig ). ......................... 4

– Posterior rim of metasoma usually shorter than carapace, if rarely longer, then carapace, in lateral view, not overhanging posterior margin of metasoma ( Figs 4B View Fig ; 6B View Fig ; 9A View Fig ; 10A View Fig , 14A View Fig ; 15A View Fig ; 16D View Fig ). ................................. 5

4 Head mostly brown, darker around vertex and gena; scape brown marked with black, tegula black; metafemur black on posterior 0.7; body length 2.6–3.1 mm; fore wing vein r-m more than 3.5× length of vein 2RS ( Figs 3A–G View Fig ). ........................ B. orientalis Chou, 1985 View in CoL [ Taiwan. Description and illustrations in CHOU (1985) and AUSTIN (1989).]

– Head mostly yellow to yellow-orange around vertex and upper part of gena; scape and tegula yellow; metafemur yellow with only black spot on posterior 0.1; body length 2.7 mm; fore wing vein r-m less than 2.0× length of vein 2RS ( Figs 5A, B, D–F View Fig ). ........................ ........................... B. janaorlikovae sp. nov. [ Vietnam]

5 Propodeum rugose around spiracle, usually without well-developed surrounding cristula, if cristula present then not delimiting smooth area around spiracle, rather with striae radiating from spiracle ( Figs 6A–D View Fig ; see also illustrations in AUSTIN (1989)). ............................. ......................................... B. straeleni de Saeger, 1948 View in CoL [ Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, * Republic of the Congo, South Africa. Description and additional illustrations in AUSTIN (1989).]

– Propodeal spiracle surrounded by well-developed cristula which delimits smooth polished area ( Figs 7E, G View Fig ; 11F View Fig ; 12C View Fig ; 14E View Fig ). ................................................... 6

6 T1 and T2 entirely yellow ( Figs 7G View Fig ; 8B View Fig ; 9G View Fig ). ........... 7

– T1 and T2 at least partially black ( Figs 10E View Fig ; 11F View Fig ; 12C View Fig ; 13E View Fig ; 14E View Fig ; 15E View Fig ). ......................................................... 9

7 Larger species, approximately 3.6 mm in length; ratio of minimum face width to maximum head width 2.3 ( Fig. 9 View Fig ). ..... B. townesi Austin, 1989 View in CoL [ India, Malaysia]

– Smaller species, 2.5–2.8 mm in length; ratio of minimum face width to maximum head width 2.6–2.8 ( Fig. 7 View Fig ). ...............................................................................8

8 Head black; ratio of carapace length/width (across anterior margin of T2) for female 1.4–1.6 ( Figs 8A, B View Fig ). …….............................. B. noyesi Austin, 1989 View in CoL [ India]

– Head light coloured, yellow (face and frons) to yellow- -orange (vertex) to light brown (gena); ratio of carapace length/width (across anterior margin of T2) for female 2.0 ( Figs 7A, C, E, G View Fig ). ...................................... ...................... B. vuquangensis Long, 2015 [ Vietnam]

9 Metasoma with T1 partially and T2 almost completely yellow (yellow covering whole width of tergite except for black margin on anterior 0.1) ( Fig. 10E View Fig ). …............................ B. petrjanstai sp. nov. [ Thailand]

– Metasoma either completely black or with T1 and T2 only partially yellow (yellow area not covering whole width of tergite) ( Figs 11F View Fig ; 12C View Fig ; 13E View Fig ; 14E View Fig ; 15E View Fig ; 16F View Fig ; 17F View Fig ). ........................................................................ 10

10 Smooth area around propodeal spiracle large and reaching anterior margin of propodeum; wings very dark, venation and infuscate areas of fore wing deeply pigmented ( Figs 11D, F View Fig ). .................................................. ......................... B. taiwanensis Austin, 1989 View in CoL [ Taiwan]

– Smooth area around propodeal spiracle relatively small, not reaching anterior margin of propodeum; wings dark, venation and infuscate areas of fore wing not so deeply pigmented, translucent ( Figs 12A, C View Fig ; 13B, E View Fig ; 14C, E View Fig ; 15D, E View Fig ). .......................................... 11

11 Fore wing basal and subbasal cells almost without setae or just apically with setose area around infuscation ( Figs 12A View Fig ; 14C View Fig ; 15D View Fig ). ............................................. 12

– Fore wing basal and subbasal cells fully setose ( Figs 16A View Fig ; 17A View Fig )................................................................15

12 Scutellum relatively smooth antero-medially; T2 and T3 with coarse longitudinal striae covering whole tergites (with rugose background); head reddish-brown ( Fig. 12 View Fig ). .......... B. collesi Austin & Dangerfield, 1992 [ Australia. Description and illustrations in AUSTIN & DANGERFIELD (1992).]

– Scutellum punctate-reticulate to rugose; T2 and T3 with longitudinal striae only anteriorly and reticulate-rugose posteriorly; head of different colour ( Figs 13D–F View Fig ; 14D View Fig ). .......................................................... 13

13 Head with face light yellow, frons, temple and vertex dark brown, small triangular area behind ocelli orange; propodeum reticulate rugose (without incomplete rugosity near median carina of propodeum); metatrochanter and metatrochantellus white-yellow; medial striae on T3 less distinct, short and narrow; impression between T2 and T3 not so deep and its striae close to each other, without polished area in between; apex of carapace with thin, elongated, smooth central area ( Figs 13A, C–G View Fig ). ....................... B. buntikae sp. nov. [ Thailand]

– Head entirely orange-yellow (back of head slightly darker but still orange-yellow); propodeum finely sculptured, with polished area near anterior margin of propodeum (i.e., lacking rugosity near median carina of propodeum anteriorly); metatrochanter and metatrochantellus brown; distinct medial striae on T3 long (and wide); impression between T2 and T3 deep and its striae with polished area in between; apex of carapace fully sculptured without polished area ( Figs 14A, B, D–F View Fig ; 15B, C, E View Fig )...................................................14

14 Mesotibia and first segment of metatarsus white- -yellow; T2 with yellow area pentagonal-shaped, narrowing posteriorly; T 2 in anterior 0.5 (laterally) or anterior 0.7–0.8 (centrally) with sculpture consisting of striae that delimit elongated areas; reticulated sculpture limited to posterior 0.5 (laterally) or posterior 0.2– 0.3 (centrally) ( Figs 14A, E View Fig ). ........................................ ................ B. frederiquebakkerae sp. nov. [ Indonesia]

– Mesotibia light brown on posterior half and first segment of metatarsus entirely dark brown (almost black); T2 entirely black; T2 almost entirely covered by even reticulate sculpture ( Figs 15A, E View Fig ). ............................... .......................................... B. longi sp. nov. [ Vietnam]

15 Area around spiracle smooth; infuscate area behind pterostigma as wide as pterostigma; fore wing vein 2-SR as long as vein r-m; T1 smooth and polished anteriorly with complete medial longitudinal groove; T2 with medial striae extending beyond middle of the tergite; T2 without yellow marking postero-medially ( Figs 16A, F View Fig ). .............................................................. ... B. achterbergi Austin, 1989 View in CoL [ Malaysia, * Thailand]

– Area around spiracle sculptured; infuscate area behind pterostigma distinctly wider that pterostigma; fore wing vein 2-SR 1.9× as long as vein r-m; T1 entirely rugose medial longitudinal groove not complete; T2 with medial striae not extending beyond middle of the tergite; T2 with yellow marking postero-medially ( Figs 17A, E, F View Fig ). ........ B. quickei Ranjith, 2015 [ India]