Phanerotomella Szépligeti, 1900

Key to Chinese species of the genus Phanerotomella Szépligeti, 1900 View in CoL View at ENA

1. Legs very slender, especially hind leg ( Fig. 66L View Fig ), hind femur about 6.0× as long as wide; body length about 3.5 mm ( Fig. 65 View Fig ); face and temple punctate ( Fig. 66B–C View Fig ); mesopleuron rugulose-punctate and with a distinctly smooth and shiny area ( Fig. 66J View Fig ); [metasoma 1.9× as long as wide ( Fig. 66K View Fig ); vein m-cu postfurcal ( Fig. 66H View Fig ); second submarginal cell sessile ( Fig. 66H View Fig )]............ P. tenuipes sp. nov.

– Legs at least moderately robust ( Figs 12F View Fig , 64L View Fig ); if the hind femur is about 6.0× as long as wide ( Figs 4F View Fig , 26F View Fig ), then body length at least 5.0 mm ( Figs 3 View Fig , 25 View Fig ); sculpture of face, temple, and mesopleuron variable......................................................................................................................... 2

2. Vein m-cu of fore wing postfurcal ( Figs 4G View Fig , 54G View Fig )............................................................................ 3

– Vein m-cu of fore wing antefurcal ( Figs 2H View Fig , 38G View Fig ) or interstitial ( Figs 20G View Fig , 42G View Fig )......................... 33

3. Metasoma narrowing to apex and widest at basal half ( Fig. 6K View Fig ); apex of metasoma truncated in dorsal view ( Fig. 6K View Fig ); antenna of female hardly widened medially ( Fig. 6D View Fig ), with 12–14 subapical segments moniliform and 24 th –27 th segments suddenly wider than long while other segments remain longer than wide ( Fig. 6E View Fig ); temple smooth and shiny ( Fig. 6C View Fig ); mesopleuron punctate and with distinctly smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 6J View Fig ); [metasoma in lateral view flat ( Fig. 5 View Fig ); second submarginal cell sessile and distinctly narrowed anteriorly ( Fig. 6G View Fig ); temple in dorsal view narrowed behind eye ( Fig. 6A View Fig ); mandible slender and inner tooth of mandible 0.4× apical tooth ( Fig. 6F View Fig )].................................................................................................... P. apetila Chen & Ji, 2003

– Metasoma narrowing to base and widest at apical half ( Fig. 70J View Fig ) or symmetrically shaped and widest at middle ( Figs 14K View Fig , 24I View Fig ); apex of metasoma not truncated in dorsal view ( Fig. 14K View Fig ); antenna of female more or less widened medially ( Figs 52K View Fig , 68D View Fig ), if not widened medially then 24 th –27 th segments at least as long as wide ( Fig. 14L View Fig ); temple and mesopleuron variable.............................. 4

4. Parastigma white ( Fig. 52G View Fig ); antenna of female strongly widened medially and with 11–13 subapical segments moniliform ( Fig. 52K–L View Fig ); mandible slender and inner tooth of mandible strongly reduced, 0.2–0.3× as long as its apical tooth ( Fig. 52D View Fig ); [mesopleuron punctate-reticulate and with distinctly smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 52I View Fig ); temple superficially rugulose and shiny ( Fig. 52C View Fig ); scapus and pedicellus yellow and contrasting with dark brown flagellum ( Fig. 52K View Fig ); second submarginal cell with petiolate ( Fig. 52G View Fig )]..................................... P. pallidistigma Ji & Chen, 2003

– Parastigma usually yellow or brown ( Figs 48H View Fig , 50G View Fig ); antenna of female comparatively less widened medially ( Figs 48D View Fig , 50K View Fig ) or very slender ( Figs 62K View Fig , 64E View Fig ); mandible more robust and inner tooth of mandible longer, at least 0.4 × as long as apical tooth ( Figs 48F View Fig , 50D View Fig )............................................. 5

5. Scapus in lateral view white, ivory, yellow (rarely laterally infuscated), brown or black and fourth antennal segment different in colour ( Figs 15 View Fig , 54K View Fig , 64E View Fig )................................................................. 6

– Scapus in lateral view pale yellow, brownish yellow, infuscated or black (sometimes anteriorly whitish) and fourth antennal segment similar in colour ( Figs 4K View Fig , 30J View Fig , 78D View Fig ) ................................. 22

6. 3 rd –5 th antennal segments white or ivory (fifth may be brownish or up to sixth white) and contrasting with brown or black scapus ( Figs 10K View Fig , 18L View Fig , 26K View Fig , 50K View Fig , 64E View Fig ) .......................................................... 7

– 3 rd –5 th antennal segments blackish, dark brown to pale brown and contrasting with white, ivory or yellow scapus ( Figs 8D View Fig , 16K View Fig , 36K View Fig , 40K View Fig , 48D View Fig , 54K View Fig , 56K View Fig , 58E View Fig , 68D View Fig , 70K View Fig , 72L View Fig , 74K View Fig ) ..................11

7. Antenna with subapical segments moniliform ( Fig. 18L View Fig ); scapus yellowish brown and contrasting with dark brown apical antennal segments ( Fig. 18L View Fig ); mesopleuron coarsely reticulate ( Fig. 18J View Fig ); metasoma in lateral view flat ( Fig. 17 View Fig ); lateral border of metasomal carapace more curved in dorsal view ( Fig. 18K View Fig )......................................................................... P. bisulcata ( Herrich-Schäffer, 1838)

– Antenna with subapical segments non-moniliform ( Figs 26L View Fig , 64F View Fig ); scapus dark brown or black and less contrasting with dark brown or black apical antennal segments ( Figs 26K View Fig , 64E View Fig ); mesopleuron densely and rather finely reticulate ( Fig. 26I View Fig ) or punctate ( Fig. 64I View Fig ); metasoma in lateral view curved ( Figs 25 View Fig , 63 View Fig ); lateral border of metasomal carapace comparatively less curved ( Figs 26J View Fig , 64J View Fig ) ...... 8

8. Body small, length about 2.7 mm ( Fig. 49 View Fig ); mesopleuron densely and finely reticulate and with distinctly smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 50I View Fig ); hind tibia dark brown except basally with white part and contrasting with yellowish brown hind femur ( Fig. 50F View Fig ); hind coxa ivory ( Fig. 50F View Fig ); [face and temple rugulose ( Fig. 50B–C View Fig )] ............................................................ P. nigrisoma sp nov.

– Body distinctly larger, length 4.0– 6.1 mm ( Figs 9 View Fig , 25 View Fig , 63 View Fig ); mesopleuron densely and finely reticulate or punctate but without smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Figs 10I View Fig , 26I View Fig , 64I View Fig ); hind tibia black except basally white and less contrasting with black hind femur ( Figs 10F View Fig , 26F View Fig , 64L View Fig ); hind coxa black except basally whitish ( Figs 10F View Fig , 26F View Fig , 64L View Fig ) ............................................................................ 9

9. Mesopleuron distinctly punctate in lower part ( Fig. 64I View Fig ); mesosoma black ( Fig. 64H–I View Fig ); vein 1-SR+M straight ( Fig. 64G View Fig ); [vein r of fore wing curved ( Fig. 64G View Fig ); face and temple punctate and shiny ( Fig. 64B–C View Fig )].................................................................................. P. taiwanensis Zettel, 1989

– Mesopleuron densely and finely reticulate entirely ( Figs 10I View Fig , 26I View Fig ); mesosoma orange-brown ( Figs 10I, 10H View Fig , 26I, 26H View Fig ); vein 1-SR+M more or less curved ( Figs 10G View Fig , 26G View Fig )............................. 10

10. Propodeum with pair of distinctly large and finger-shaped tubercles latero-posteriorly ( Fig. 26I View Fig ); vein 1-SR+M rather curved ( Fig. 26G View Fig ); vein r 0.9× as long as vein r-m ( Fig. 26G View Fig ); mandible more robust and inner tooth of mandible longer, 0.5× as long as its apical tooth ( Fig. 26D View Fig ); length of fore wing 5.5 mm; scutellum densely and rather finely reticulate and matt ( Fig. 26H View Fig ); temple rugulose and matt ( Fig. 26C View Fig ); hind tarsus white ( Fig. 26F View Fig ); [metasoma black except first tergite orange-brown ( Fig. 26J View Fig )] ............................................................................................................... P. digitata sp. nov.

– Propodeum with pair of small tubercles latero-posteriorly ( Fig. 10I View Fig ); vein 1-SR+M slightly curved ( Fig. 10G View Fig ); vein r 1.3× as long as vein r-m ( Fig. 10G View Fig ); mandible slender and inner tooth of mandible reduced, 0.4 × as long as apical tooth ( Fig. 10D View Fig ); length of fore wing 4.6 mm ( Fig. 10G View Fig ); scutellum largely punctate except basally reticulate and shiny ( Fig. 10H View Fig ); temple punctate and shiny ( Fig. 10C View Fig ); hind tarsus dark brown ( Fig. 10F View Fig ) ................................................................. P. aurantisoma sp. nov.

11. Body entirely pale yellow except for brown flagellum ( Fig. 47 View Fig ); pterostigma, parastigma and veins of fore wing yellow ( Fig. 48H View Fig ); face largely smooth except for fine punctation and less contrasting with smooth clypeus ( Fig. 48B View Fig ); mesopleuron densely and superficially punctate ( Fig. 48J View Fig ); stemmaticum distinctly narrowed, OD 1.3–1.4 × as long as POL and ocelli arranged in triangle with base 0.9 × its sides ( Fig. 48A View Fig ); [basal carina of first metasomal tergite distinctly developed ( Fig. 48K View Fig ); metasoma regularly reticulate except first tergite longitudinally striate medially ( Fig. 48K View Fig )]............................. .............................................................................................. P. mellivena van Achterberg , nom. nov.

– Body largely brownish yellow and at most with blackish patches ( Fig. 39 View Fig ) or largely black and at most with yellowish patches ( Figs 7 View Fig , 15 View Fig ); pterostigma, parastigma and veins of fore wing pale brown to darkened brown ( Figs 8H View Fig , 16G View Fig ); face rugulose or distinctly and densely punctate and strongly contrasting with smooth or finely punctate clypeus ( Figs 8B View Fig , 16B View Fig ); mesopleuron coarsely rugose ( Figs 16I View Fig , 68J View Fig ), reticulate ( Figs 36I View Fig , 54I View Fig ) or distinctly punctate ( Figs 8J View Fig , 56I View Fig ) and at most with smooth area posteriorly ( Fig. 68J View Fig ); stemmaticum comparatively enlarged, OD 0.5–1.0 × as long as POL and ocelli arranged in triangle with base 1.0–2.0 × as long as its sides ( Figs 8A View Fig , 16A View Fig ) ........................ 12

12. Face, temple and mesopleuron distinctly punctate ( Fig. 56B, 56C, 56I View Fig ); clypeus yellow and distinctly contrasting with black face ( Fig. 56B View Fig ); mandible rather robust ( Fig. 56D View Fig ); lamella of third metasomal tergite posteriorly with 2 very small and blunt tubercles and less contrasting with lamella ( Fig. 56E View Fig ); [first metasomal tergite ivory and with at least black semi-circular spot medio-basally ( Fig. 56J View Fig ); face black with 2 yellow wide and oblique stripes ( Fig. 56B View Fig ); scapus yellow and contrasting with brown flagellum ( Fig. 56K View Fig ); hind femur yellow except distally with small and black spot ( Fig. 56F View Fig )] ....................................................................................... P. rhytisma Chen & Ji, 2003

– At least one of face, temple or mesopleuron reticulate or rugulose ( Figs 8C View Fig , 54B View Fig , 58I View Fig ); clypeus reddish black and less contrasting with black face ( Figs 16B View Fig , 54B View Fig ) or clypeus yellow and no contrasting with yellow face ( Figs 40B View Fig , 70B View Fig ); mandible comparatively slender ( Figs 54D View Fig , 58D View Fig ); lamella of third metasomal tergite posteriorly with 2 distinct but blunt tubercles and strongly contrasting with lamella ( Figs 54E View Fig , 58L View Fig ) ................................................................................................................... 13

13. Hind coxa pale yellow except brown apically ( Fig. 54F View Fig ); vein r of fore wing 1.7× as long as vein r-m ( Fig. 54G View Fig ); hind femur slender, 4.5 × as long as wide ( Fig. 54F View Fig ); [scapus and pedicellus white and strongly contrasting with dark brown flagellum ( Fig. 54K View Fig ); hind femur black and hind tibia black except basal white part ( Fig. 54F View Fig ); hind trochanter and tarsus white ( Fig. 54F View Fig ); mesopleuron densely and regularly reticulate ( Fig. 54I View Fig ); face rugulose ( Fig. 54B View Fig ) but temple densely punctate ( Fig. 54C View Fig ); scutellum largely reticulate except posteriorly punctate ( Fig. 54H View Fig ); temple in dorsal view somewhat widened behind eye ( Fig. 54A View Fig )] ......................................................... P. palliscapus Chen & Ji, 2003

– Hind coxa entirely ivory or yellow ( Figs 40F View Fig , 68L View Fig ) and at most with brown spot ventrally ( Fig. 58K View Fig ); vein r of fore wing 0.8–1.3 × as long as vein r-m ( Figs 58G View Fig , 72G View Fig ); hind femur comparatively robust, at most 4.0 × as long as wide ( Figs 58K View Fig , 72F View Fig )................................................................................. 14

14. Antenna of female widened medially and at least 20 th –26 th segments as long as wide ( Figs 68D View Fig , 72L View Fig ); subapical segments moniliform ( Figs 68E View Fig , 72L View Fig ); mesopleuron reticulate or rugose and with distinctly smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Figs 68J View Fig , 72J View Fig )........................................................... 15

– Antenna of female slender ( Figs 16K View Fig , 74K View Fig ) or if widened medially then all segments longer than wide ( Fig. 8D View Fig ); subapical segments non-moniliform ( Figs 8E View Fig , 16L View Fig ); mesopleuron punctate, reticulate or rugose but without distinctly smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Figs 8J View Fig , 16I View Fig ) ......................... 16

15. Face and temple densely punctate and shiny ( Fig. 68B–C View Fig ); mesopleuron largely coarsely rugose and with smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 68J View Fig ); scapus white ( Fig. 68D View Fig ); lamella of third metasomal tergite wide ( Fig. 68G View Fig ); hind femur 4.0× as long as wide ( Fig. 68L View Fig ); hind femur brownish yellow except basally white ( Fig. 68L View Fig ); hind tibia dark brown except basally white ( Fig. 68L View Fig )........ ......................................................................................................................... P. townesi Zettel, 1989

– Face and temple rugulose and matt ( Fig. 72B–C View Fig ); mesopleuron largely finely reticulate and with smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 72J View Fig ); scapus brownish yellow ( Fig. 72L View Fig ); lamella of third metasomal tergite narrow ( Fig. 72E View Fig ); hind femur 3.6× as long as wide ( Fig. 72F View Fig ); hind femur and tibia dark brown except basally brownish yellow ( Fig. 72F View Fig ).......... P. xizangensis He & Chen, 2001

16. Temple in dorsal view widening behind eye ( Fig. 40A View Fig ); mesosoma largely brownish yellow except in dorsal view lateral borders with dark brown patches ( Fig. 40H View Fig ); temple rugulose and matt ( Fig. 40C View Fig ); mesopleuron reticulate ( Fig. 40I View Fig ); [antenna slender and apical segments non-moniliform ( Fig. 40K View Fig ); metasoma dark brown except first tergite and second tergite medio-basally yellow ( Fig. 40J View Fig ); scapus yellow ( Fig. 40K View Fig ); flagellum basal half brown and distal half yellowish ( Fig. 40K View Fig )] .................................................................................................. P. gladia Chen & Ji, 2003

– Temple in dorsal view parallel-sided ( Figs 16A View Fig , 36A View Fig ) or slightly narrowing behind eye ( Figs 8A View Fig , 58A View Fig ); mesosoma entirely black and at most with reddish brown patches ( Figs 8I View Fig , 70H View Fig ); at least temple or mesopleuron punctate and shiny ( Figs 8J View Fig , 70C View Fig ).............................................................. 17

17. Mesopleuron distinctly and densely punctate ( Fig. 8J View Fig ); temple rugulose ( Fig. 8C View Fig ); temple in lateral view angularly widened ( Fig. 8C View Fig ); antenna of female distinctly widened medially and subapical segments somewhat serrate ( Fig. 8D–E View Fig ); [scapus and pedicellus yellow ( Fig. 8D View Fig ); flagellum basal half pale brown and apical half dark brown ( Fig. 8D View Fig ); body black except face and clypeus reddish ( Figs 7 View Fig , 8B View Fig ); hind femur and tibia brown except basally yellowish ( Fig. 8L View Fig )]................................... ............................................................................................................................ P. atratoides sp. nov.

– Mesopleuron reticulate ( Figs 36I View Fig , 58I View Fig ) or rugose ( Fig. 16I View Fig ); temple punctate or smooth ( Figs 16C View Fig , 36C View Fig ); temple rounded in lateral view ( Figs 16C View Fig , 36C View Fig ); antenna of female more slender and subapical segments less serrate ( Figs 16K View Fig , 36K View Fig ) ............................................................................................ 18

18. Head in dorsal view more transverse ( Figs 16A View Fig , 36A View Fig ); temple in dorsal view parallel-sided behind eye ( Figs 16A View Fig , 36A View Fig ); mandible comparatively robust ( Figs 16D View Fig , 36D View Fig ) ......................................... 19

– Head in dorsal view less transverse ( Figs 58A View Fig , 70A View Fig , 74A View Fig ); temple in dorsal view slightly narrowing behind eye ( Figs 58A View Fig , 70A View Fig , 74A View Fig ); mandible more slender ( Figs 58D View Fig , 70D View Fig , 74D View Fig )......................... 20

19. Basal carina of first metasomal tergite distinctly developed ( Fig. 16J View Fig ); first metasomal tergite distinctly longitudinally striate ( Fig. 16J View Fig ); apex of metasoma less flat ( Fig. 16J View Fig ); temple distinctly finely punctate and shiny ( Fig. 16C View Fig ); mesopleuron coarsely rugose ( Fig. 16I View Fig ) .......... P. bicolorata He & Chen, 1995

– Basal carina of first metasomal tergite weakly developed ( Fig. 36J View Fig ); first metasomal tergite finely reticulate ( Fig. 36J View Fig ); apex of metasoma more flat ( Fig. 36J View Fig ); temple smooth and with satin sheen ( Fig. 36C View Fig ); mesopleuron irregularly reticulate ( Fig. 36I View Fig )....................................... P. fulgida sp. nov.

20. Vein SR1 4.0 × as long as vein r ( Fig. 74G View Fig ); length of fore wing 3.6 mm ( Fig. 74G View Fig ); border of metasomal carapace distinctly curved ( Fig. 74J View Fig ); metasoma blackish brown except lateral borders of first tergite yellow ( Fig. 74J View Fig ).......................................................................................... P. xui sp. nov.

– Vein SR1 5.0× as long as vein r ( Figs 58G View Fig , 70G View Fig ); length of fore wing 2.8–3.1 mm ( Figs 58G View Fig , 70G View Fig ); border of metasomal carapace more flat ( Figs 58J View Fig , 70J View Fig ); metasoma blackish brown except first tergite and second tergite medio-basally yellow ( Figs 58J View Fig , 70J View Fig ) ..................................................... 21

21. Head brownish yellow ( Fig. 70A View Fig ); mesoscutum medially finely reticulate ( Fig. 70H View Fig ); scutellar sulcus with 5 small crenulae ( Fig. 70H View Fig ) .................................................. P. varicolorata Zettel, 1989

– Head black ( Fig. 58A View Fig ); mesoscutum medially coarsely reticulate ( Fig. 58H View Fig ); scutellar sulcus with 4 large crenulae ( Fig. 58H View Fig ) ....................................................................................... P. rugifera sp. nov.

22. Antenna with white band on 10 th –12 th segments ( Fig. 4K View Fig ); mandible basal half blackish and apical half yellowish and with reddish teeth ( Fig. 4D View Fig ); hind femur slender, 5.6× as long as wide ( Fig. 4F View Fig ); [body length about 5.3 mm ( Fig. 3 View Fig ); body black ( Fig. 3 View Fig ); hind femur black and hind tibia black except basally white ( Fig. 4F View Fig )] ............................................................................ P. annulata sp. nov.

– Antenna with yellow or brown band on 10 th –12 th segments ( Figs 24J View Fig , 78D View Fig ); mandible yellowish and with reddish teeth ( Figs 24D View Fig , 78F View Fig ); hind femur more or less widened medially, at most 4.6 × as long as wide ( Figs 62F View Fig , 78K View Fig )................................................................................................................... 23

23. Eye distinctly small in dorsal view, 0.6× as long as temple ( Figs 30A View Fig , 34A View Fig ); hind femur basal half pale yellow and apical half brown ( Figs 30E View Fig , 34G View Fig ); face rugose ( Figs 30B View Fig , 34B View Fig ); temple and mesopleuron punctate and with satin sheen ( Figs 30C, 30H View Fig , 34C, 34K View Fig ); [mesosoma in lateral view blackish except prothorax pale yellowish ( Figs 30H View Fig , 34K View Fig )] ........................................................... 24

– Eye comparatively large in dorsal view, at least 0.8 × as long as temple ( Figs 14A View Fig , 24A View Fig ); hind femur entirely yellow ( Figs 24E View Fig , 60F View Fig ), brown ( Fig. 44F View Fig ) or black ( Figs 14F View Fig , 62F View Fig ); sculpture of face, temple and mesopleuron variable ................................................................................................................ 25

24. Inner tooth of mandible 0.6× as long as apical tooth ( Fig. 30D View Fig ); lamella of third metasomal tergite posteriorly with 2 small and blunt tubercles ( Fig. 30L View Fig ); temple and face largely black except yellowish around eye ( Fig. 30B–C View Fig ); head in dorsal view black except yellow spot around eye ( Fig. 30A View Fig ) ....... ............................................................................................................................ P. emeiensis sp. nov.

– Inner tooth of mandible 0.4× as long as apical tooth ( Fig. 34D View Fig ); lamella of third metasomal tergite posteriorly without tubercles ( Fig. 34M View Fig ); temple and face entirely yellow ( Fig. 34B–C View Fig ); head in dorsal view reddish brown without yellow spot around eye ( Fig. 34A View Fig ) ............. P. flavigena sp. nov.

25. Body distinctly large, length 4.7–6.3 mm ( Figs 13 View Fig , 61 View Fig ); posterior ocellus large and round, OD 1.2– 1.4 × as long as POL ( Figs 14A View Fig , 62A View Fig ); hind femur and tibia blackish ( Figs 14F View Fig , 62F View Fig ); temple punctate and shiny ( Figs 14C View Fig , 62C View Fig ); mesopleuron punctate-reticulate and without smooth area posteriorly ( Figs 14J View Fig , 62I View Fig ).................................................................................................................................. 26

– Body comparatively small, length 2.7–4.0 mm ( Figs 23 View Fig , 77 View Fig ); posterior ocellus comparatively small, OD at most 0.9 × as long as POL ( Figs 24A View Fig , 78A View Fig ); hind femur and tibia yellowish or brownish ( Figs 24E View Fig , 44F View Fig ); sculpture of temple and mesopleuron variable..................................................... 27

26. Eye in lateral view 1.2 × as wide as maximum width of temple ( Fig. 62C View Fig ) and eye in dorsal view strongly protruding ( Fig. 62A View Fig ); mesosoma conspicuously orange-brown ( Fig. 62H–I View Fig ) and contrasting with black head; metasomal carapace medially black and laterally orange brown ( Fig. 62J View Fig ); hind coxa pale yellow ( Fig. 62F View Fig ) ............................................................................ P. sinensis Zettel, 1989

– Eye in lateral view at most 1.0× as wide as maximum width of temple ( Fig. 14C View Fig ) and eye in dorsal view less protruding ( Fig. 14A View Fig ); mesosoma largely black except metanotum and propodeum posteriorly yellowish ( Fig. 14I View Fig ) and less contrasting with black head; metasomal carapace black except basally yellow ( Fig. 14K View Fig ); hind coxa yellow except laterally somewhat dark brown ( Fig. 14F View Fig ).................... ........................................................................................................................... P. bellula Papp, 1989

27. Second submarginal cell distinctly petiolate, at least 0.5× as long as vein r ( Fig. 44G View Fig ); mesopleuron and mesoscutum medial-posteriorly irregularly and coarsely rugose ( Fig. 44I–J View Fig ); hind femur dark brown ( Fig. 44F View Fig ); [antennal basal half yellow and apical half brown ( Fig. 44E View Fig )].............................. ..................................................................................................................... P. longa Ji & Chen, 2003

– Second submarginal cell sessile or weakly petiolate ( Fig. 24F View Fig , 76G View Fig ); mesopleuron and mesoscutum rugulose or regularly and finely reticulate ( Figs 24G, 24H View Fig , 78H, 78I View Fig ); hind femur yellow ( Figs 24E View Fig , 78K View Fig ) ................................................................................................................................................. 28

28. Mandible robust, inner tooth about 0.7 × as long as apical tooth ( Fig. 78F View Fig ); medial length of third metasomal tergite about 0.6–0.7× as long as that of second tergite ( Fig. 78J View Fig ); metasomal carapace mainly ivory, at most medially with some small infuscate patches ( Fig. 78L View Fig ) ................................... ...................................................................................................... P. zhejiangensis He & Chen, 1995

– Mandible slender, inner tooth about 0.4–0.6 × as long as apical tooth ( Figs 24D View Fig , 60D View Fig ); medial length of third metasomal tergite about 0.9–1.0× as long as that of second tergite ( Figs 24I View Fig , 60J View Fig ); metasomal carapace yellow, brown or black, if medially with infuscate patches then distinctly enlarged ( Fig. 24I View Fig ) ........................................................................................................................... 29

29. Eye strongly protruding in dorsal view ( Fig. 24A View Fig ); antenna slender ( Fig. 24J View Fig ); metasomal carapace yellow except broadly dark brown medially ( Fig. 24I View Fig ) ................................... P. collinsi Zettel, 1989

– Eye less protruding in dorsal view ( Figs 28A View Fig , 60A View Fig ); antenna widened medially ( Figs 28K View Fig , 60E View Fig ); metasomal carapace yellowish brown and at most third tergite and second tergite medio-apically darkened ( Figs 60J View Fig , 76K View Fig ) or black ( Fig. 28J View Fig ) .................................................................................. 30

30. Hind femur robust, 3.5× as long as wide ( Fig. 60F View Fig ); metasoma about 1.9 × as long as wide ( Fig. 60J View Fig ); antenna brown except basally yellow ( Fig. 60E View Fig ); temple honeycomb-like sculptured ( Fig. 60C View Fig ); [metasomal carapace yellowish brown but third tergite more or less darkened ( Fig. 60J View Fig ); mesopleuron and metasoma honeycomb-like sculptured ( Figs 60I, 60J View Fig ); face and frons rugulose ( Fig. 60A–B View Fig )] ....................................................................................................... P. rugulosa sp. nov.

– Hind femur comparatively slender, 4.0–4.4 × as long as wide ( Figs 28F View Fig , 76F View Fig ); metasoma about 1.7 × as long as wide ( Fig. 28J View Fig , 76K View Fig ); antenna brown ( Fig. 76E View Fig ) or blackish brown ( Fig. 28K View Fig ); temple rugulose ( Fig. 76C View Fig ) or punctate ( Fig. 28C View Fig ) ..................................................................................... 31

31. Second submarginal cell weakly petiolate ( Fig. 76G View Fig ); metasomal carapace yellowish brown except third tergite and second tergite medio-apically darkened ( Fig. 76K View Fig ); temple rugulose ( Fig. 76C View Fig ); [mesopleuron and metasoma honeycomb-like sculptured ( Figs 76J–K View Fig )] ........................................... .................................................................................................... P. yemenitica van Achterberg, 2021

– Second submarginal cell sessile ( Fig. 28G View Fig ); metasomal carapace black ( Fig. 28J View Fig ); temple punctate ( Fig. 28C View Fig )......................................................................................................................................... 32

32. Eye in dorsal view 0.8× as long as temple ( Fig. 28A View Fig ); mesopleuron rugulose and with distinct smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 28I View Fig ); 21 th –28 th segments of antenna at most as long as wide ( Fig. 28K View Fig ); first metasomal tergite distinctly longitudinally striate medially ( Fig. 28J View Fig ) ..................... ...................................................................................................................... P. distenticornis sp. nov.

– Eye in dorsal view 1.2–1.3 × as long as temple; mesopleuron honeycomb-like sculptured but without smooth and shiny area posteriorly; 21 st –28 th segments of antenna longer than wide; first metasomal tergite finely honeycomb-like sculptured ............................................ P. nigricaner Chen & Ji, 2003

33. Eye distinctly large, in lateral view at least 1.6 × as wide as maximum width of temple ( Fig. 12C View Fig ).. ......................................................................................................................................................... 34

– Eye comparatively small, in lateral view at most 1.3 × as wide as maximum width of temple ( Figs 20C View Fig , 46C View Fig ) ............................................................................................................................... 35

34. Second submarginal cell strongly petiolate, at least 0.5× as long as vein r ( Fig. 12G View Fig ); hind femur robust, 3.0× as long as wide ( Fig. 12F View Fig ); OOL 3.1× as long as OD ( Fig. 12A View Fig ); lamella of third metasomal tergite distinctly protruding medio-apically ( Fig. 12K View Fig ); mesopleuron regularly reticulate and with smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 12I View Fig ); [antenna of female widened medially and 15 th –23 rd segments as long as wide ( Fig. 12D View Fig ); subapical segments moniliform ( Fig. 12E View Fig )] ............. ..................................................................................................................... P. barbieri Sigwalt, 1978

– Second submarginal cell very weakly petiolate, about 0.2× as long as vein r or sessile; hind femur comparatively slender, 3.6× as long as wide; OOL 4.4× as long as OD; lamella of third metasomal tergite hardly protruding medio-apically; mesopleuron regularly reticulate but without smooth and shiny area posteriorly........................................................................... P. tobiasi Belokobylskij, 1986

35. Hind femur distinctly swollen medially, at most 3.3× as long as wide ( Fig. 22F View Fig ); metasoma in lateral view strongly curved ( Fig. 21 View Fig ); lateral border of metasomal carapace distinctly curved ( Fig. 22J View Fig ); [antenna basal ⅓ yellow and apical ⅔ brown ( Fig. 22E View Fig ); second submarginal cell strongly petiolate, about 1.0× as long as vein r ( Fig. 22G View Fig ); mesopleuron reticulate and with distinctly smooth area posteriorly ( Fig. 22I View Fig ); face and temple superficially rugulose ( Fig. 22B–C View Fig ); head yellowish brown except darkened around occipital carina ( Fig. 22A View Fig ); metasoma dark brown except first tergite and second tergite medio-basally yellow ( Fig. 22J View Fig )].......................................... P. brevifemorata sp. nov.

– Hind femur slenderer, at least 3.6 × as long as wide ( Figs 2M View Fig , 20K View Fig ); metasoma in lateral view flatter ( Figs 1 View Fig , 19 View Fig ); lateral border of metasomal carapace comparatively flat ( Figs 2L View Fig , 20J View Fig ) .................... 36

36. Antenna of female slender, all flagellum segments longer than wide and with subapical segments non-moniliform ( Figs 2D View Fig , 32D View Fig ); posterior ocellus large and round ( Figs 2A View Fig , 32A View Fig ) ...................... 37

– Antenna of female widened medially, about 3 subapical segments suddenly wider than long followed by longer segments up to apex and with at least 3 subapical segments moniliform ( Figs 20D View Fig , 38D View Fig , 46E View Fig ); posterior ocellus comparatively small ( Figs 20A View Fig , 38A View Fig , 46A View Fig ) ............................................... 38

37. Scapus and pedicellus in lateral view ivory and distinctly contrasting with dark brown flagellum ( Fig. 32D View Fig ); mesopleuron reticulate and without smooth and shiny area posteriorly ( Fig. 32J View Fig ); lamella of third metasomal tergite not protruding medio-apically ( Fig. 32L View Fig ); clypeus in lateral view less protruding ( Fig. 32C View Fig ); temple distinctly rugulose and matt ( Fig. 32C View Fig )............. P. exilicornis sp. nov.

– Scapus and pedicellus in lateral view brown with no difference from brown flagellum ( Figs 2D, 2E View Fig ); mesopleuron punctate-reticulate and with distinctly smooth area posteriorly ( Fig. 2K View Fig ); lamella of third metasomal tergite more protruding medio-apically ( Fig. 2F View Fig ); clypeus in lateral view strongly protruding ( Fig. 2C View Fig ); temple superficially rugulose and shiny ( Fig. 2C View Fig )............................................ ............................................................................................................. P. albiscapa ( Ashmead, 1905)

38. Antenna of female with 14 subapical segments moniliform ( Fig. 20D View Fig ); metasomal carapace 1.6– 1.7 × as long as wide in dorsal view ( Fig. 20J View Fig ); head entirely yellow ( Fig. 20A View Fig ) ............................... ........................................................................................................................ P. bouceki Zettel, 1989

– Antenna of female with 3 subapical segments moniliform ( Figs 38E View Fig , 42E View Fig , 46F View Fig ); metasomal carapace 1.8–1.9 × as long as wide in dorsal view ( Figs 38J View Fig , 42K View Fig , 46J View Fig ); head yellow and with 2 brown or black spots behind eye ( Figs 42A View Fig , 46A View Fig ) or brown ( Fig. 38A View Fig ) .................................................................. 39

39. Apex of metasomal carapace truncate in dorsal view ( Fig. 38J View Fig ); mesopleuron reticulate and with distinctly smooth area posteriorly ( Fig. 38I View Fig ); head brown ( Fig. 38A View Fig ); metasoma blackish and at most first and second tergite medially with brownish patches ( Fig. 38J View Fig ); lamella of third metasomal tergite wide and with pair of blunt tubercles ( Fig. 38L View Fig ); [face and temple rugulose ( Fig. 38B–C View Fig )].............. ......................................................................................................................... P. fuscitibialis sp. nov.

– Apex of metasomal carapace not truncate in dorsal view ( Figs 42K View Fig , 46J View Fig ); mesopleuron superficially reticulate and without smooth area posteriorly ( Figs 42J View Fig , 46I View Fig ); head yellow and with 2 brown or black spots behind eye ( Figs 42A View Fig , 46A View Fig ); metasoma yellow and at most third tergite and lateral borders of first and second tergites darkened ( Figs 42K View Fig , 46J View Fig ); lamella of third metasomal tergite comparatively narrow and with pair of pointed tubercles ( Figs 42F View Fig , 46L View Fig ) ..................................... 40

40. Vertex in lateral view strongly angled ( Fig. 42C View Fig ); metasoma symmetrically shaped and with maximum width in middle ( Fig. 42K View Fig ); border of metasomal carapace more curved ( Fig. 42K View Fig ) ........................................................................................ P. hawaiiensis ( Ashmead, 1901)

– Vertex in lateral view flatter ( Fig. 46C View Fig ); metasoma narrowing to base and with maximum width at apical half ( Fig. 46J View Fig ); border of metasomal carapace comparatively flat ( Fig. 46J View Fig ) ....................... 41

41. OOL 3.8× as long as OD ( Fig. 46A View Fig ); face width 1.0× height of face and clypeus together ( Fig. 46B View Fig ); metasoma 1.0 × as long as mesosoma ( Fig. 45 View Fig ); apex of metasomal carapace round in dorsal view ( Fig. 46J View Fig ).............................................................................................. P. mariae Belokobylskij, 1986

– OOL 3.2× as long as OD; face width 0.95 × height of face and clypeus together; metasoma 0.9× as long as mesosoma; apex of metasomal carapace pointed in dorsal view ............................................ ............................................................................................................ P. pulchra Fahringer, 1934 ( ♂)