Encalypta vulgaris

Fig. 5: A–I: Encalypta rhaptocarpa (from Yakutia, Ignatov & Ignatova 16-803,MHA) and J–L: E. vulgaris (from Moscow Province, Ignatov 18-3001, MW): transverse sections showing succesive stages of the peristome develompent, corresponging to peristomial formulae: 1:1 (A), 2:1 (B, H), 2:2:1 (C, D, I), 4:2:2 (E), 4:4:2:2 (F, G), 8:4:4:2 (F, G). White arrows indicate the places where periclinal division occurs in IPL cells, red arrows point anticlinal divisions in IPL cells, and green one in PPL cells (numerous in H–I) at later stages of development. Scale bars: 20 µm for all.

Fig. 6. Inner surfaces of peristomes of Encalypta species at their bases, allowing count the number of cell in IPL by remnants of anticlinal cell walls (arrowed). Note that such remnants more distally are absent, which correspond to the peristomial formula 4:2:2, whereas at peristome base the 4:2:4 pattern occurs. Anticlinal divisions are mostly unseen in transverse sections in Figs. 2, 3, 5, which allow conclusion that IPL cell divisions are delayed in Enclaypta, but usually occur later, and sometimes quite irregularly. A–B: E. procera (from Yakutia, Ignatov & Ignatova 16-353, MHA); C–D:E. longicollis (from Yakutia, Ignatov & Ignatova 17-675, MHA); E– F: E. rhaptocarpa (from Yakutia, Ignatov & Ignatova 16-803, MHA); G–H: E. ciliata (from Altai, Ignatov 34/35, MHA). Scale bars: 100 µm for A–B; 50 µm for C–H.

Fig. 2. Encalypta procera (from Yakutia, Ignatov & Ignatova 16-353, MHA): longitudinal (C) and transverse (A–B, D–K) sections of sporophyte, showing succesive stages of the peristome develompent, corresponding to peristomial formulae [in general, some sectors have exceptions]: 1 (A), 2:1 (B), 2:2:1–2 (D), 4:2:2 (E–F), (4–8):4:2:2 (G–K). Red arrows point anticlinal divisions in IPL cells, and green one in PPL cells at later stages of development. Note that the latter are sometimes more numerous (I–J). Levels of transverse sections are shown in C. Scale bars: 50 µm for C, 20 µm for all others.

Fig. 3. Encalypta longicollis (from Yakutia, Ignatov & Ignatova 17-675, MHA): Longitudinal (A–B) and transverse (C–H) sections of sporophyte, showing successive stages of the peristome develompent, corresponding peristomial formulae [in general, some sectors have exceptions]: 2:1 (С), 2:2:1 (D), 4:4:2:2 (E, F, G); 8:4:4:2: (H). Red arrows point anticlinal divisions in IPL cells, and green one in PPL cells at later stages of development. Levels of transverse sections are shown in A. Scale bars: 50 µm for A, 20 µm for all others.

Fig. 5: A–I: Encalypta rhaptocarpa (from Yakutia, Ignatov & Ignatova 16-803,MHA) and J–L: E. vulgaris (from Moscow Province, Ignatov 18-3001, MW): transverse sections showing succesive stages of the peristome develompent, corresponging to peristomial formulae: 1:1 (A), 2:1 (B, H), 2:2:1 (C, D, I), 4:2:2 (E), 4:4:2:2 (F, G), 8:4:4:2 (F, G). White arrows indicate the places where periclinal division occurs in IPL cells, red arrows point anticlinal divisions in IPL cells, and green one in PPL cells (numerous in H–I) at later stages of development. Scale bars: 20 µm for all.