Galathea, Fabricius, 1793

Key to species of the genus Galathea View in CoL in the Indian and Pacific Oceans*

(*) Galathea paucilineata Benedict, 1902 , from the Galápagos Islands, probably belongs to the genus Leiogalathea Baba, 1969 and is not included in the key.

1. Transverse ridges on carapace dorsal surface mostly obsolescent............................................... 2

– Transverse ridges on carapace dorsal surface distinct......................................................... 4

2. Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine subequal to proximal spine........................ G. kuboi Miyake & Baba, 1967 View in CoL

– Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine smaller than proximal spine............................................... 3

3. Epipod present on P1. Rostrum elongate, more than 1.5 times longer than broad. Gastric region with some scale-like ridges................................................................ G. nuda Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Epipods absent on P1–3. Rostrum short, 1.5 times longer than broad or less so. Gastric region smooth, without scale-like ridges....................................................... G. setigera Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

4. Anterolateral spine of carapace prominent, reaching tip of basal lateral tooth of rostrum. Posterior branchial margin with 6 spines............................................................................ G. vitiensis Dana, 1853 View in CoL

– Anterolateral spine of carapace never reaching tip of basal lateral tooth of rostrum. Posterior branchial margin with at most 5 spines.............................................................................................. 5

5. Pterygostomian flap with at least 1 spine on upper margin near linea anomurica.................................... 6

– Pterygostomian flap unarmed on upper margin (rarely with row of denticles)..................................... 11

6. Pterygostomian flap with row of spines on upper margin. Mxp3 merus more than twice ischium length............................................................................................. G. labidolepta Stimpson, 1858 View in CoL

– Pterygostomian flap with 1 or 2 spines on upper margin. Mxp3 merus as long as or slightly shorter than ischium length.... 7

7. Anterior mesogastric ridge of carapace interrupted.................... G. ahyongi Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Anterior mesogastric ridge of carapace uninterrupted........................................................ 8

8. Mxp3 merus with strong median spine on flexor margin, exceeding distal margin of merus. Distal part of P1 palm without black spot........................................................... G. senta Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Mxp3 merus with weak median spine on flexor margin, at most reaching distal margin of merus. Distal part of P1 palm with black spot........................................................................................... 9

9. P2 propodus 4 times longer than broad............................................... G. mauritiana Bouvier, 1914 View in CoL

– P2 propodus 3.0–3.5 times longer than broad............................................................... 10

10. P2–3 propodi each with 5 or 6 movable spines along flexor margin....... G. aequata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P2–3 propodi each with 4 movable spines along flexor margin.............. G. acis Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

11. Uninterrupted mesogastric ridge between anteriormost branchial marginal spines.................................. 12

– Interrupted or scale like mesogastric ridge(s) between anteriormost branchial marginal spines....................... 27

12. Carapace with 2 epigastric spines....................................................................... 13

– Carapace without epigastric spines...................................................................... 23

13. Stiff plumose stiff setae present on carapace and rostrum.................................................... 14

– No stiff plumose setae on carapace and rostrum............................................................ 18

14. P2–3 propodi elongate, 5 times longer than broad..................... G. simulata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P2–3 propodi short, equal to or less than 4 times longer than broad............................................. 15

15. Gastric region with short posterior median protogastric ridge and short posterior median mesogastric ridge............................................................................................ G. aegyptiaca View in CoL Paul’son, 1875

– Gastric region without short posterior median protogastric ridge and short posterior median mesogastric ridge (sometimes one these ridges can be present)............................................................................ 16

16. P2–3 meri 2.5 times longer than broad............................... G. imitata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P2–3 meri equal to or more than 3 times longer than broad................................................... 17

17. Ultimate article of antennular peduncle elongate, 2.5 times longer than broad Rostrum as long as broad............................................................................. G. corbariae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Ultimate article of antennular peduncle short, at most twice longer than broad. Rostrum longer than broad.......................................................................... G. homologa Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

18. Epipods on P1–2 at least............................................................................... 19

– Epipods on P1 only................................................................................... 22

19. Pterygostomian flap unarmed on surface. Epipods on P1–2.................................. G. guttata Osawa, 2004 View in CoL

– Pterygostomian flap with facial spine on anterior part. Epipods on P1–3......................................... 20

20. Parahepatic spine absent. Carapace lateral margin without spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branquial margin........................................................ G. rhanis Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015

– Parahepatic spine present. Carapace lateral margin with spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branquial margin............................................................................................. 21

21. P2–4 meri slender; P2 merus 3.5–4.0 times as long as broad............ G. paulayi Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P2–4 meri stout; P2 merus nearly 3.0 times as long as broad....................................... G. stilla sp. nov.

22. Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine smaller than proximal spine. P2–4 propodi less than 5 times longer than broad.................................................................... G. boucheti Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine subequal to proximal spine. P2–4 propodi more than 5 times longer than broad.............................................................................. G. amamiensis Miyake & Baba, 1966 View in CoL

23. Scale-like stria present behind anterior protogastric ridge of carapace. External limit of orbit ending in small spine.................................................................................. G. continua Baba & Fujita, 2008 View in CoL

– No scale-like stria present behind anterior protogastric ridge of carapace. External limit of orbit ending in strong spine.... 24

24. Anterior branchial margin with 3 spines............................................. G. platycheles Miyake, 1953 View in CoL

– Anterior branchial margin with 2 spines.................................................................. 25

25. Carapace with 1 hepatic spine on each side............................ G. celiae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace without hepatic spines........................................................................ 26

26. Rostrum with lateral teeth shallowly incised............................................. G. latirostris Dana, 1852 View in CoL

– Rostrum with lateral teeth deeply incised.......................................... G. spinimanus Borradaile, 1900 View in CoL

27. Rostrum with 2 lateral teeth............................................................................ 28

– Rostrum with more than 3 lateral teeth................................................................... 30

28. Rostrum with lateral teeth shallowly incised and located distally. Subdivision of telson complete..... G. bidens Baba, 1988 View in CoL

– Rostrum with lateral teeth spiniform and strong, located proximally. Subdivision of telson incomplete................ 29

29. Carapace dorsally with 2 epigastric, 4 protogastric, and 2 postcervical spines only. Pleonal tergites 2–4 with 2 transverse ridges. P2–4 spineless on lateral surface of meri, carpi and propodi.......................... G. quinquespinosa (Balss, 1913) View in CoL

– Carapace dorsally with numerous spines other than 2 epigastric, 4 protogastric and 2 postcervical spines. Pleonal tergites 2–4 with 2 transverse ridges each followed by additional stria. P2–4 with spines on lateral surface of meri, carpi and propodi...................................................................................... G. lumaria Baba, 2005 View in CoL

30. Rostrum with 3 lateral teeth........................................................... G. patae Osawa, 2006 View in CoL

– Rostrum with 4 or 5 lateral teeth........................................................................ 31

31. Rostrum with 5 lateral teeth........................................................................... 32

– Rostrum with 4 lateral teeth........................................................................... 39

32. Epipods absent on P1–3................................................................ G. tropis Baba, 2005 View in CoL

– Epipods present only on P1............................................................................ 33

33. Two or more epigastric spines.......................................................................... 34

– Epigastric spines absent............................................................................... 38

34. Distoflexor angle of P2–4 meri with 2 spines.............................................................. 35

– Distoflexor angle of P2–4 meri with 1 spine............................................................... 36

35. Hepatic region with 2 or 3 spines. Carapace with numerous scale-like ridges on gastric region. Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine smaller than proximal spine............................. G. multicristata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Hepatic region unarmed. Carapace with few scale-like ridges on gastric region. Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine subequal to proximal spine............................................... G. ciliosa Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

36. Posterior branchial region with 6–8 transverse ridges.................. G. inermis Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Posterior branchial region with 4 or 5 transverse ridges....................................................... 37

37. Rostrum less than 1.5 times longer than broad. P2 merus less than 5 times longer than broad... G. sanctae Macpherson, 2012 View in CoL

– Rostrum more than 1.5 times longer than broad. P2 merus more than 5 times longer than broad..................................................................................... G. paulae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

38. Posterior branchial region behind mid-transverse ridge with 5 or 6 ridges. Gastric region with 4 or 5 uninterrupted or interrupted transverse ridges................................................................ G. sinensis Dong & Li, 2010 View in CoL

– Posterior branchial region behind mid-transverse ridge with 8 or 9 ridges. Gastric region with 9 or 10 uninterrupted or interrupted ridges......................................................................... G. multilineata Balss, 1913 View in CoL

39. Rostrum truncate.................................................................................... 40

– Rostrum triangular, not truncate......................................................................... 42

40. Epigastric spines absent............................................................ G. formosa De Man, 1902 View in CoL

– Epigastric spines present.............................................................................. 41

41. Ground color of body red............................................................. G. pilosa De Man, 1888 View in CoL

– Ground color of body blue.................................... G. polyphemus Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

42. Carapace with cardiac spines........................................................................... 43

– Carapace without cardiac spines........................................................................ 49

43. Antennular basal article with 2 well-developed terminal spines, distomesial spine minute or obsolescent............... 44

– Antennular basal article with 3 well-developed terminal spines................................................ 48

44. Carapace unarmed on protogastric region.......................... G. samadiae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace with 1 or 2 spines on protogastric region.......................................................... 45

45. Carapace with 1 median spine on protogastric ridge; 1 parahepatic spine on each side....... G. echinata Macpherson, 2012 View in CoL

– Carapace with 2 small median spines on protogastric ridge; 2 or 3 parahepatic spines on each side.................... 46

46. Metagastric region with 2 spines......................................................... G. robusta Baba, 1990 View in CoL

– Metagastric region unarmed............................................................................ 47

47. Cardiac region with 2 median spines. Posterior branchial area with one spine on each side, behind mid-transverse ridge......................................................................................... G. bicornis sp. nov.

– Cardiac region with 4–6 median spines. Posterior branchial area unarmed behind mid-transverse ridge............................................................................... G. sentosa Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

48. Carapace with 1 strong median spine on protogastric ridge............................. G. profunda Macpherson, 2012 View in CoL

– Carapace with 2 small median spines on protogastric ridge........................... G. barbellata Macpherson, 2012 View in CoL

49. Gastric region with all ridges scale-like, usually arcuate (at most epigastric or protogastric ridges transverse with multiple interruptions)....................................................................................... 50

– Gastric region with some ridges not scale-like.............................................................. 75

50. Ocular peduncles elongate, more than 2.5 times longer than broad.... G. longioculata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Ocular peduncles short, clearly less than twice longer than broad............................................... 51

51. Branchial region of carapace with at least 1 dorsal spine..................................................... 52

– Branchial region of carapace without dorsal spines.......................................................... 63

52. Epigastric spines absent. Rostrum at least twice longer than wide.............................................. 53

– Epigastric spines present. Rostrum less than twice longer than wide............................................ 55

53. Rostrum twice longer than wide................................................. G. genkai Miyake & Baba, 1964 View in CoL

– Rostrum more than 2.5 times longer than broad............................................................. 54

54. P2 more than twice carapace length. P2 merus more than 6 times longer than broad.............................................................................................. G. gladiola Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P2 less than twice carapace length. P2 merus less than 6 times longer than broad.............................................................................................. G. machaera Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

55. P2–4 meri each with 2 spines at distoflexor angle (1 spine sometimes absent in small specimens)................................................................................... G. lepidota Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P2–4 meri each with 1 spine at distoflexor angle............................................................ 56

56. Carapace with 1 postcervical spine on each side............................................................ 57

– Carapace without postcervical spines..................................................................... 58

57. Anterior branchial region unarmed. Epipods only on P1.................. G. cymo Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Anterior branchial region with spines. Epipods on P1–3.............................. G. subsquamata Stimpson, 1858 View in CoL

58. Epipod only on P1................................................................................... 59

– Epipods on P1–3..................................................................................... 60

59. P1 fingers clearly longer than palm................................ G. acerata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P1 fingers clearly shorter than palm................................................. G. longimana View in CoL Paul’son, 1875

60. Carapace lateral margin without spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin........................................................................ G. polydora Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace lateral margin with spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin............. 61

61. Distomesial spine of antennal article 1 nearly reaching end of peduncle. P2 merus 4.9–5.3 times as long as broad.................................................................................... G. johnsoni Lin & Osawa, 2016 View in CoL

– Distomesial spine of antennal article 1 slightly exceeding end of article 2. P2 merus 3.2–3.4 times as long as broad....... 62

62. Carapace as long as broad. Ridges on posterior half of carapace behind mid-transverse ridge usually laterally scale-like. Rostrum less than 1.5 times longer than broad. P2–4 propodi more than 4 times longer than broad........................................................................................... G. peitho Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace longer than broad. Ridges on posterior half of carapace usually laterally uninterrupted and never scale-like. Rostrum more than 1.5 times longer than broad. P2–4 propodi 4 times longer than broad................. G. aculeata Haswell, 1882 View in CoL

63. Epipods absent on P1–3............................................................................... 64

– Epipods at least on P1................................................................................. 66

64. Carapace with 2 epigastric spines....................................................... G. squamea Baba, 1979 View in CoL

– Carapace without epigastric spines...................................................................... 65

65. Carapace lateral margin with spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin. Antennular article 1 with small distomesial spine......................................................... G. ryuguu Osawa, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace lateral margin without spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin. Antennular article 1 with well-developed distomesial spine............ G. lopisma Macpherson, Rodríguez-Flores & Machordom, 2023

66. Epigastric spines absent............................................................................... 67

– Epigastric spines present.............................................................................. 69

67. Body color white, with numerous large red spots. P1-4 with white and red bands........ G. chura Osawa & Higashiji, 2012 View in CoL

– Body color and pereiopods brown or orange............................................................... 68

68. Scale-like ridges on meta and mesogastric areas arcuate. P2–4 meri 2.5–2.7 times as long as broad. Short setae on dorsal carapace surface simple....................................... G. lemniscata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Scale-like ridges on meta and mesogastric areas transverse, not arcuate. P2–4 meri 4.0 times as long as broad. Short setae on dorsal carapace surface plumose............................................................ G. arani sp. nov.

69. Epipods on P1–2.............................................. G. poupini Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Epipods only on P1................................................................................... 70

70. Carapace with all ridges between mid-transverse ridge and posterior ridge scale-like............................... 71

– Carapace with at least 2 medially uninterrupted ridges between mid-transverse ridge and posterior ridge............... 73

71. Carapace with 2 epigastric spines................................................. G. submagnifica Laurie, 1926 View in CoL

– Carapace with at least 4 epigastric spines................................................................. 72

72. Carapace without parahepatic spines................................ G. waiora Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace with 1 parahepatic spine on each side...................... G. furfurea Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

73. P2–3 meri each with 2 spines at distoflexor angle....................................... G. magnifica Haswell, 1882 View in CoL

– P2–3 meri each with 1 spine at distoflexor angle............................................................ 74

74. Pterygostomian facial spine present............................... G. bracteosa Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Pterygostomian facial spine absent............................. G. schnabelae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

75. Carapace with well-developed median mesogastric spine..................................................... 76

– Carapace without median mesogastric spine, at most minute spines............................................. 77

76. Epipods on P1...................................... G. acaena Macpherson, Rodríguez-Flores & Machordom, 2023

– Epipods absent on P1–3............................................................ G. babai Dong & Li, 2010 View in CoL

77. Antennular basal article with 2 well-developed terminal spines, distomesial spine minute or obsolescent, clearly not reaching midlength of distolateral spine.......................................................................... 78

– Antennular basal article with 3 well-developed terminal spines, distomesial spine always reaching or exceeding midlength of distolateral spine.................................................................................... 105

78. Sternite 4 clearly broader than sternite 5........................ G. hispidissima Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Sternite 4 narrower than sternite 5....................................................................... 79

79. Rostrum extremely narrow, 2.5–3.5 times longer than broad.................................................. 80

– Rostrum relatively broad, 2.0 times longer than broad or less than so........................................... 85

80. Carapace with pair of epigastric spines only......................... G. ganindo Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace with 4 or more epigastric spines................................................................. 81

81. Hepatic spine absent............................................. G. perone Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Hepatic spine present................................................................................. 82

82. Anterior protogastric ridge interrupted or scale-like................... G. scolopia Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Anterior protogastric ridge uninterrupted.................................................................. 83

83. Pleonal tergites 2–3 with 2 uninterrupted ridges..................... G. rhaphidia Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Pleonal tergites 2–3 with 4 uninterrupted or interrupted ridges................................................. 84

84. Rostrum with distalmost lateral teeth minute, clearly smaller than distal second teeth............................................................................................ G. tribulosa Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Rostrum with distalmost lateral teeth well-developed, slightly smaller than distal second teeth................................................................................................... G. inconspicua Henderson, 1885 View in CoL

85. Carapace without or with 2 epigastric spines only.......................................................... 86

– Carapace with 4 or more epigastric spines and often with spinules on hepatic and branchial regions................... 96

86. Pterygostomian flap with facial spine on anterior part........................................................ 87

– Pterygostomian flap unarmed on surface.................................................................. 90

87. Epipods on P1–3..................................................................................... 88

– Epipods on P1 and rarely on P2......................................................................... 89

88. Parahepatic spine present. Rostrum triangular.......................... G. clarki Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Parahepatic spine absent. Rostrum trapezoidal..................... G. rubrispina Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

89. Carapace without epigastric and parahepatic spines........................................... G. dianthus sp. nov.

– Carapace with epigastric and parahepatic spines..................... G. cymothoe Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

90. Epipods absent on P1–3............................................................................... 91

– Epipods present at least on P1.......................................................................... 93

91. Hepatic spine present.......................................... G. eucrante Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Hepatic spine absent.................................................................................. 92

92. Carapace lateral margin with spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin. Pleonal tergites 2–3 with 2 transverse ridges................................................................. G. pennata sp. nov.

– Carapace lateral margin without spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin. Pleonal tergites 2–3 with 4 or 5 transverse ridges............................................. G. yamashitai Miyake & Baba, 1967 View in CoL

93. Carapace with 1 parahepatic spine on each side...................... G. barbata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace without parahepatic spines..................................................................... 94

94. Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine smaller than proximal spine. Rostrum triangular.............. G. hispida Baba, 2005 View in CoL

– Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine subequal to proximal spine. Rostrum nearly truncate........................... 95

95. Rostrum 2.0 times longer than broad; lateral margins convex; lateral spines small and shallowly incised............................................................................. G. phalangis Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Rostrum 1.5–1.7 times longer than broad; lateral margins straight; lateral spines sharp and deeply incised........................................................................... G. punctata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

96. Epipods absent on P1–3........................................... G. micra Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Epipods present at least on P1........................................................................... 97

97. Rostral lateral teeth shallowly incised. P1 fingers distally ending in incurved teeth to cross each other when closed...... 98

– Rostral lateral teeth deeply incised. P1 fingers distally spooned................................................ 99

98. Anterior metagastric ridge continued laterally on anterior branchial ridges.................... G. albatrossae Baba, 1988 View in CoL

– Anterior metagastric ridge not continued laterally on anterior branchial ridges.................................................................................................. G. pauxilla Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

99. P2 propodus more than 8 times longer than broad................... G. caesariata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P2 propodus less than 8 times longer than broad........................................................... 100

100. Carapace with some anterior branchial and postcervical spines............................................... 101

– Carapace without anterior branchial and postcervical spines (rarely 1–2 minute spines)............................ 102

101. Distomesial spine of antennular basal article very small but distinct...................... G. pubescens Stimpson, 1858 View in CoL

– Distomesial spine of antennular basal article obsolescent................ G. crinita Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

102. Anterior protogastric ridge with median prominent convexity, with 2 minute spines and some thick long setae................................................................................................. G. gibbosa sp. nov.

– Anterior protogastric ridge without median prominent convexity, unarmed and without thick long setae............... 103

103. Distomesial spine of antennular article 1 distinct. Ridges on dorsal surface of carapace with dense short plumose setae................................................................ G. pascualae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Distomesial spine of antennular article 1 obsolescent....................................................... 104

104. Rostrum lanceolate.............................................. G. villosa Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Rostrum narrowly triangular..................................... G. tagaloa Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

105. Carapace without epigastric spines..................................................................... 106

– Carapace with epigastric spines........................................................................ 129

106. Epipods absent on P1–3.............................................................................. 107

– Epipods present at least on P1......................................................................... 114

107. Anterior metagastric ridge usually extending laterally to anterior branchial ridges............................................................................................... G. politula Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Anterior metagastric ridge not extending laterally to anterior branchial ridges.................................... 108

108. Hepatic spine present................................................................... G. lenis Baba, 1969 View in CoL

– Hepatic spine absent................................................................................. 109

109. Carapace distinctly longer than broad......................................... G. omanensis Tirmizi & Javed, 1993 View in CoL

– Carapace slightly broader than long or nearly as long as broad................................................ 110

110. Scale-like ridge behind midpoint of anterior protogastric ridge. Rostrum 1.8–2.0 times as long as broad............... 111

– No scale-like ridge behind midpoint of anterior protogastric ridge. Rostrum 1.2 times as long as broad................ 113

111. Spines on flexor margin of Mxp3 merus subequal.................................. G. bengala Tirmizi & Javed, 1993 View in CoL

– Proximal spine on flexor margin of Mxp3 merus much longer than distal spine.................................. 112

112. Anterior protogastric ridge medially interrupted. Rostral lateral teeth shallowly incised......................................................................................... G. connudata Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Anterior protogastric ridge medially uninterrupted. Rostral lateral teeth deeply incised........................................................................................... G. anoplos Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

113. Branchial carapace margin with 5 spines................................... G. rubromaculata Miyake & Baba, 1967 View in CoL

– Branchial carapace margin with 4 spines......................... G. nicobarica Tiwari, Padate, Cubelio & Osawa, 2022 View in CoL

114. Epipods present only on P1........................................................................... 115

– Epipods present on P1–3............................................................................. 125

115. Carapace without hepatic spine........................................................................ 116

– Carapace with hepatic spine........................................................................... 118

116. Carapace lateral margin without spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin; mesogastric ridge scale-like..................................................................................... 117

– Carapace lateral margin with spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin; mesogastric ridge medially uninterrupted............................................ G. eione Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

117. One median scale behind anterior protogastric ridge. Mxp3 merus with distal spine on extensor margin................................................................................ G. psylla Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015

– Median scale behind anterior protogastric ridge absent. Mxp3 merus without distal spine on extensor margin.................................................................................... G. bimaculata Miyake & Baba, 1966 View in CoL

118. Anterior metagastric ridge extending laterally to anterior branchial ridges...................................... 119

– Anterior metagastric ridge not extending laterally to anterior branchial ridges.................................... 121

119. Pleonal tergites 2–3 each with 4 transverse ridges...................................... G. ternatensis De Man, 1902 View in CoL

– Pleonal tergites 2–3 each with 2 transverse ridges.......................................................... 120

120. Rostrum 1.5–1.6 times as long as broad........................... G. melobosis Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Rostrum as long as broad................................................................. G. aurata sp. nov.

121. P2 merus more than 4 times longer than broad. P2 propodus 5 or more times longer than broad.................................................................................... G. patriciae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P2 merus less than 4 times longer than broad. P2 propodus less than 5 times longer than broad...................... 122

122. Carapace lateral margin with spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin............. 123

– Carapace lateral margin without small but distinct spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin.................................................................... G. maculiabdominalis Baba, 1972 View in CoL

123. Carapace with 2 uninterrupted ridges behind mid-transverse ridge; anterior protogastric ridge usually medially uninterrupted.................................................................................................. 124

– Carapace with at most 1 uninterrupted ridge behind mid-transverse ridge of carapace (rarely more than one); anterior protogastric ridge usually medially interrupted................................................... G. providentia Laurie, 1926 View in CoL

124. Parahepatic spine on each side................................. G. boisselierae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Parahepatic spine absent................................... G. kalingasagara Tiwari, Padate, Cubelio & Osawa, 2024

125. Carapace without hepatic spine............................................. G. boninensis Miyake & Baba, 1965 View in CoL

– Carapace with hepatic spinule(s)....................................................................... 126

126. Anterior branchial margin with 3 spines................................................................. 127

– Anterior branchial margin with 2 spines................................................................. 128

127. Carapace with 4 uninterrupted ridges behind mid-transverse ridge; male with G1–2.......... G. amboinensis De Man, 1888 View in CoL

– Carapace with 2 uninterrupted ridges behind mid-transverse ridge; male with G2 only............... G. inflata Potts, 1915 View in CoL

128. P1 palm more than 3 times longer than broad. Crista dentata of Mxp3 ischium with 14–20 teeth................................................................................................. G. leptocheir Baba & Fujita, 2008 View in CoL

– P1 palm twice longer than broad. Crista dentata of Mxp3 ischium with 8 teeth.................................................................................................... G. rangi Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

129. Double distomesial spine on antennular article 1.......................... G. calcifer Rodríguez-Flores & Giribet, 2024

– Distomesial spine on antennular article 1 simple.......................................................... 130

130. Carapace always with 4 or more epigastric spines.......................................................... 131

– Carapace with 2 epigastric spines only (but see G. spinosorostris View in CoL )............................................. 132

131. Epipods present on P1–3. P2–4 meri each with 2 spines at distoflexor angle. G. hydrae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Epipods present on P1. P2–4 meri each with 1 spine at distoflexor angle... G. pubipes Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

132. Rostrum as long as broad; lateral margins strongly convex (subparallel between basal first and second incisions)................................................................................... G. cymbulaerostris Tirmizi, 1966 View in CoL

– Rostrum at least 1.2 times longer than broad; lateral margins straight or slightly convex (breadth smaller between basal second incisions than between basal incisions).................................................................. 133

133. Epipods absent on P1–3.............................................................................. 134

– Epipods present at least on P1......................................................................... 151

134. P1 fingers not spooned distally, distally ending in incurved spines to cross each other when closed................................................................................................ G. longimanoides Johnson, 1970 View in CoL

– P1 fingers distally spooned............................................................................ 135

135. P2 merus more than 5 times longer than broad. Lateral rostral teeth shallowly incised........................................................................................... G. minutiae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P2 merus less than 5 times longer than broad. Lateral rostral teeth usually deeply incised........................... 136

136. Flexor margin of Mxp3 merus with proximal spine clearly stronger than distal spine.............................. 137

– Flexor margin of Mxp3 merus with subequal spines or proximal slightly longer than distal......................... 146

137. Hepatic spine present............................................... G. ceti Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Hepatic spine absent................................................................................. 138

138. Parahepatic spine present............................................................................. 139

– Parahepatic spine absent.............................................................................. 141

139. Posterior branchial region with 6–8 ridges. Rostrum trapezoidal........................ G. balssi Miyake & Baba, 1964 View in CoL

– Posterior branchial region at most with 5 ridges. Rostrum triangular........................................... 140

140. Rostrum twice longer than broad. Flexor margin of Mxp3 merus with 3 spines................................................................................................... G. galene Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Rostrum less than twice longer than broad. Flexor margin of Mxp3 merus with 2 spines.... G. raventosae Macpherson, 2012 View in CoL

141. Carapace without scale-like stria behind anterior protogastric ridge. Mxp3 merus with large flexor distal spine.......................................................................................... G. nasimae Karasawa, 2019 View in CoL

– Carapace with scale-like stria behind anterior protogastric ridge. Mxp3 merus with small flexor distal spine........... 142

142. Carapace with numerous long iridescent setae; posterior protogastric ridge divided into some scale-like ridges; median scale-like ridge with some long iridescent setae............................ G. paleroi Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace without or with a few long iridescent setae; posterior protogastric ridge with median scale-like ridge only, with or without 2 long setae................................................................................. 143

143. Pterygostomian flap largely visible in dorsal view............. G. quadrangularis Tiwari, Padate, Cubelio & Osawa, 2024

– Pterygostomian flap not visible in dorsal view............................................................ 144

144. P1 fingers longer than or as long as palm. Distomesial spine of antennal article 1 exceeding antennal article 3.......... 145

– P1 fingers shorter than palm. Distomesial spine of antennal article 1 at most reaching end of antennal article 3............................................................................................ G. anepipoda Baba, 1990 View in CoL

145. Lateral rostral teeth shallowly incised............................. G. bharata Tiwari, Padate, Cubelio & Osawa, 2024

– Lateral rostral teeth deeply incised................................... G. gruis Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

146. Anterior protogastric ridge strongly convex medially. Mesogastric and metagastric ridges scale-like................................................................................ G. erythrina Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Anterior protogastric ridge transverse or slightly convex medially. Mesogastric and metagastric ridges not scale-like.... 147

147. Mesogastric or/and metagastric ridges medially interrupted........... G. anouchkae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Mesogastric and metagastric ridges medially uninterrupted.................................................. 148

148. Carapace without scale-like median ridge behind protogastric ridge........ G. argus Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace with scale-like median ridge behind protogastric ridge.............................................. 149

149. Mxp3 merus with extensor margin unarmed....................... G. tirmiziae Tiwari, Padate, Cubelio & Osawa, 2022 View in CoL

– Mxp3 merus with small distal spine on extensor margin..................................................... 150

150. P2–4 propodi 3.5–4.0 times longer than broad. Base color light brown..................... G. consobrina De Man, 1902 View in CoL

– P2–4 propodi 4.5–4.8 times longer than broad. Base color green.......... G. tagaro Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

151. Epipods present at least on P1–2....................................................................... 152

– Epipods present on P1 only........................................................................... 155

152. Epipods present on P1–2. Pterygostomian flap unarmed on surface............................................ 153

– Epipods present on P1–3. Pterygostomian flap with facial spine on anterior part.................................. 154

153. Mxp3 merus with distal spine on extensor margin. Distomesial spine of antennal article 1 reaching end of article 3..................................................................... G. parvula Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Mxp3 merus without distal spine on extensor margin. Distomesial spine of antennal article 1 exceeding antennal peduncle.............................................................. G. lemaitrei Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

154. Pleonal tergite 2 with 2–3 ridges behind anterior ridge............................... G. australiensis Stimpson, 1858 View in CoL

– Pleonal tergite 2 with 1 ridge behind anterior ridge.................... G. minima Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

155. Pterygostomian flap with facial spine on anterior part....................................................... 156

– Pterygostomian flap unarmed on surface................................................................. 160

156. Carapace with scattered feathered setae and scale-like median stria behind protogastric ridge.................................................................................................. G. coralliophilus Baba & Oh, 1990 View in CoL

– Carapace without both scattered feathered setae and scale-like median stria behind protogastric ridge................. 157

157. Carapace with 1 parahepatic spine on each side..................... G. eupompe Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace without parahepatic spine..................................................................... 158

158. Pleonal tergite 2 with 2 transverse ridges................................................................. 159

– Pleonal tergite 2 with 4 transverse ridges............................................. G. corallicola Haswell, 1882 View in CoL

159. Carapace lateral margin without spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin..................................................................................... G. ohshimai Miyake & Baba, 1967 View in CoL

– Carapace lateral margin with small but distinct spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin.............................................................................. G. orientalis Stimpson, 1858 View in CoL

160. Carapace without hepatic and parahepatic spines.......................................................... 161

– Carapace with hepatic and/or parahepatic spines........................................................... 167

161. P2–4 meri each with 2 spines at distoflexor angle...................................... G. brevimana View in CoL Paul’son, 1875

– P2–4 meri each with 1 spine at distsoflexor angle.......................................................... 162

162. Carapace lateral margin without spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin.................................................................... G. machordomae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace lateral margin with spine between anterolateral spine and anteriormost spine of branchial margin............ 163

163. Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine clearly smaller than proximal spine.................... G. tanegashimae Baba, 1969 View in CoL

– Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine subequal to or slightly larger than proximal spine............................ 164

164. Anterior branchial margin with 3 spines............................. G. eridani Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Anterior branchial margin with 2 spines................................................................. 165

165. Rostral lateral teeth shallowly incised............................... G. mariae Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Rostral lateral teeth deeply incised...................................................................... 166

166. Carapace with 4 uninterrupted ridges between mid-transverse ridge and posterior margin. Pleonal tergites 2–3 with several ridges behind anterior ridge............................................... G. whiteleggi Grant & McCulloch, 1906

– Carapace with 2 uninterrupted ridges between mid-transverse ridge and posterior margin. Pleonal tergites 2–3 without additional ridges behind anterior ridge......................................... G. atua Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

167. Carapace with both hepatic and parahepatic spines on each side.............................................. 168

– Carapace with either 1 hepatic or 1 parahepatic spine on each side............................................ 173

168. Anterior protogastric ridge medially interrupted with median scale-ridge....................................... 169

– Anterior protogastric ridge uninterrupted (rarely interrupted in G. eulimene View in CoL )..................................... 170

169. P2 merus 4 times longer than broad. P2 more than twice carapace length... G. leporis Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P2 merus 3 times longer than broad. P2 twice carapace length or less than so. G. tongi Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

170. P1 movable finger with row of strong spines on mesial margin. Posterior median margin of pleonal somite 6 usually convex.............................................................................. G. spinosorostris Dana, 1852 View in CoL

– P1 movable finger unarmed or with small proximal spines on mesial margin. Posterior median margin of pleonal somite 6 straight........................................................................................... 171

171. P1 palm without row of small spine on dorsal surface.................. G. cephyra Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– P1 palm with row of small spines on dorsal surface........................................................ 172

172. P2–4 propodi 3–4 times longer than broad................................................... G. algae Baba, 1969 View in CoL

– P2–4 propodi 5 times longer than broad............................ G. eulimene Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

173. Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine subequal to or slightly larger than proximal spine............................ 174

– Mxp3 merus with flexor distal spine clearly smaller than proximal spine........................................ 176

174. Carapace with parahepatic spine, without hepatic spine................. G. gnoma Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace without parahepatic spine, with hepatic spine..................................................... 175

175. Rostral lateral teeth shallowly incised.................................... G. denticulata Macpherson & Cleva, 2010 View in CoL

– Rostral lateral teeth deeply incised................................... G. ploto Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

176. Carapace with 1 hepatic spine, but without parahepatic spine.............. G. halia Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Carapace without hepatic spine, but with parahepatic spine.................................................. 177

177. Distomesial spine of antennal article 1 exceeding antennal peduncle. Antennal article 3 unarmed.................................................................................... G. autahi Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL

– Distomesial spine of antennal article 1 only reaching end of article 2. Antennal article 3 with distomesial spine....................................................................... G. lingadua Macpherson & Robainas-Barcia, 2015 View in CoL