Endecous ( Pedroecous ) troglobius, Castro-Souza & Zefa & Ferreira, 2020

Endecous ( Pedroecous) troglobius n. sp.

( Figures 36, 41–43, 44–46, 47–55, 56–59, 60–65, 66–73, 74 View FIGURE 34, 74 , 78–80, 84–86 View FIGURES 75–86 , 88 View FIGURES 87–88 , 97, 99, 100–101 View FIGURES 96–101 , 107 View FIGURE 107 , Tables 2, 4 –6).

Material Examined: Holotype, ♂, ISLA 77744, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, municipality of Luislândia, found in the deepest regions of the Lapa Sem Fim cave ( 16° 08’ 55”W, 44° 37’ 40”S), 06.ix.2017, R. L. Ferreira, leg. GoogleMaps Holotype condition: head, left legs I, II, III, and right tegmen were detached, and maintained in holotype’s tube . Paratypes, 2 ♂♂, 17.iv.2014, ( ISLA 12337; 12339), R. L. Ferreira, leg. ; 1 ♂, 18.iv.2017, ( ISLA 43342), R. L. Ferreira, leg. ; 2 ♂♂, 06.ix.2017, ( ISLA 77745; 77746), R. L. Ferreira, leg. ; 1 ♀, 17.iv.2014, ( ISLA 77747), R. L. Ferreira, leg. ; 2 ♀♀, 18.iv.2017, ( ISLA 43343; 46634), R. L. Ferreira, leg. , all specimens collected in the same locality of holotype .

Distribution: Deeper portions of the Lapa Sem Fim cave ( Fig. 107 View FIGURE 107 ), municipality of Luislândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil ( Fig. 1A, B View FIGURE 1 ).

Etimology: Specific epithet “ troglobius ”, from ancient greek τρώγλη ( trṓglç, “hole”) + βίος ( bíos, “life”) + –ite, refers to the term ‘troglobite’, designated for obligate subterranean species.

Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: phallic complex short, and wide in general view in comparison to E. ( P.) didymus n. sp. ( Figs 78–80, 84–86 View FIGURES 75–86 ); pseudepiphallic membranous shield short ( Fig. 42 View FIGURE 34, 74 , Ps.ms); pseudepiphallic dorsal branch long, hook-shaped, rounded at apex, and with projections more curved inward and closer to each other in comparison to E. ( P.) didymus n. sp. ( Figs 41, 45–46 View FIGURE 34, 74 , Ps.db); pseudepiphallic arm field developed in comparison to E. ( P.) didymus n. sp. ( Figs 84–86 View FIGURES 75–86 , blue slice); ectophallic arc well developed, U-shaped in ventral and previously inclined in dorsal view ( Fig. 43 View FIGURE 34, 74 , Ect.Arc); endophallus developed ( Figs 44–46 View FIGURE 34, 74 , End.Sc.a, yellow arrow indicates the apodeme); compound eyes with unpigmented ommatidia ( Figs 48–49 View FIGURE 34, 74 , 88 View FIGURES 87–88 ); body is lighter than E. ( P.) didymus n. sp. ( Fig. 97 View FIGURES 96–101 ); courtship song dominant frequence (DF) with an interval covering larger values compared to E. ( P.) didymus n. sp., 3.8–4.0 kHz (max-min), n = 4 ( Tab. 3).

Description, male holotype. Body color. The specimen designated as a holotype was reared in the laboratory, thus receiving light during observation periods, what caused an increase in tegumentar pigmentation when compared to individuals from natural populations inhabiting an aphotic zones: dorsal head, pronotum and right tegmen yellowish-orange pale ( Figs 47–52 View FIGURE 34, 74 ), white ventrally, abdomen yellow pale ( Figs 52–53 View FIGURE 34, 74 ), entire legs brownish, except femora base whitish which is more advanced and pale in comparison to E. ( P.) didymus n. sp. ( Figs 56–59 View FIGURE 34, 74 ), cerci uniformly yellow pale. Head ( Figs 47–49 View FIGURE 34, 74 ), thorax ( Figs 50, 52, 56–59 View FIGURE 34, 74 ) and abdomen ( Figs 52–55 View FIGURE 34, 74 ) with morphological description similar to E. ( P.) didymus n. sp. as shown in the figures ( Figs 8–9, 10, 12 View FIGURES 8-15 , 16–19 View FIGURES 16-19 , 13–15 View FIGURES 8-15 ). Differing only in the following characteristics: head less elongated in frontal view ( 3.7 mm length and 2.9 mm width); gena, clypeus, frons, labrum, mandibles, maxilar and labial palpomeres more whitish in conparasion to E. ( P.) didymus n. sp.; compound eyes with unpigmented ommatidia ( Figs 47–49 View FIGURE 34, 74 ). Thorax. Pronotum more pubescent compared to E. ( P.) didymus n. sp. ( Figs 50 and 52 View FIGURE 34, 74 ). Right tegmen ( Figs 51, 60 View FIGURE 34, 74 ), mirror oval with two crossveins and three cells; harp with three well marked crossveins, and four cells, the first proximal cell has two small reticular veins in diagonal; lateral field marked by 11 reticular accessory veins bifurcated and connected by retucular veins to each other; basal field with veins 1A, 2A and 3A well-marked, with two secondary veins connected to CU 2, the second is less distinct; 3A veins bifurcated ( Figs 51 and 60 View FIGURE 34, 74 ); stridulatory file with 64 teeth. Abdomen: cerci shorter ( 12.1 mm ± 1.9 mm); supranal and subgenital plate unpigmented ( Figs 53–55 View FIGURE 34, 74 ).

Observations in Paratypes

Male phallic sclerites ( paratype, ISLA 43342, Figs 41–46 View FIGURE 34, 74 , 79, 85 View FIGURES 75–86 ). The morphological description of this structure is similar to E. ( P.) didymus n. sp., however, has the following differences: phallic complex slightly wider ( Figs 41, 46 View FIGURE 34, 74 ). Pseudepiphallus: arm more curved inward ( Fig. 41 View FIGURE 34, 74 , Ps.Arm); pseudepiphallic dorsal projections more curved inward and closer to each other ( Figs 41, 45–46 View FIGURE 34, 74 , Ps.db); pseudepiphallic sclerite inner bars forming a dorsal arc, with each bar projected straight to the median region, and not fused with each other ( Fig. 43 View FIGURE 34, 74 , Ps.ib). Ectophallic invagination: ectophallic lateral bar slightly inclined ( Figs 45 View FIGURE 34, 74 , Ect.lb). Endophallus: apodeme a little more dilated ( Fig. 45 View FIGURE 34, 74 , End.Sc.a, yellow arrow indicates the apodeme).

Variations in phallic sclerites ( paratypes, n = 3, ISLA 43342; 77745 and 77746; Figs 78–80, 84–86 View FIGURES 75–86 ). It presents the same types of variations highlighted for the size and the ectophallic apodeme (Ect.Ap) in E. ( P.) didymu s n. sp. Furthermore, the internal angle average of the pseudepiphallic dorsal branch calculated from the proximal to the distal portion, close to sixty degrees (59.55° ± 3.29°) ( Figs 78–80 View FIGURES 75–86 ); dorsal field of pseudepiphallic arm pronounced ( 0.056 mm 2 ± 0.013 mm 2, n = 3) ( Figs 84–86 View FIGURES 75–86 ).

Male right tegmen ( Figs 54-59 View FIGURE 34, 74 ). Stridulatory file with 67 ± 6.4 teeth (n = 6); mirror: relatively conserved in this species ( Figs 61–63, 65 View FIGURE 34, 74 ); however, a small cell within the second distal cell may be present ( Fig. 64 View FIGURE 34, 74 ); harp: one to two poorly marked diagonal veins may be present among cells or ramifying the main crossvein, in the first distal or proximal cells ( Figs 61–62, 64–65 View FIGURE 34, 74 ); three to four well marked crossveins; basal field: one to two vertical or diagonal crossveins can be present, forming two small cells jointed with CU 2 ( Figs 63–64 View FIGURE 34, 74 ); reticular branches can be present between the veins 1A and 2A; lateral field: with well marked accessory crossvein bifurcated ( Figs 61, 64–65 View FIGURE 34, 74 ) or with many reticular veins distributed between well-marked veins ( Figs 62–63 View FIGURE 34, 74 ).

Female: same size and coloration to the male (µ = 19.97 mm ± 0.38 mm; n = 2) ( Fig. 99 View FIGURES 96–101 ); supranal and subgenital plate whitish ( Figs 67 – 68 View FIGURE 34, 74 ); ovipositor shorter than the cerci (µ = 11.131 mm ± 0.221 mm) ( Figs 66 – 70 View FIGURE 34, 74 ); the other structures have the same morphology observed to the females of E. ( P.) didymus n. sp. Female genitalia ( ISLA 43343). Copulatory papilla of similar morphology compared to E. ( P.) didymus n. sp. ( Fig. 71 View FIGURE 34, 74 ).

Variations in copulatory papilla ( paratypes, n = 2, ISLA 46634 and 77747) similar to that observed in E. ( P.) didymus n. sp. ( Figs 72 – 73 View FIGURE 34, 74 ).

Courtship song of Endecous troglobius n. sp. ( Fig. 74 View FIGURE 34, 74 , Tab. 3). Male sends intermittent phrases composed of 4 to 30 subphrases, varying from 4.6 to 43s, respectively, and subphrases ranging from 0.011 to 0.078s; the subphrase period range from 0.9 to 2.3s; and the number of sound waves show high variation comparing first and second pulses of the subphrase, 24–61 and 32–60, respectively.

Chromosomes of E. troglobius n. sp. ( Fig. 36 View FIGURE 34, 74 ; Tab. 4). Diploid chromosome number of 2n = 21, X0 ♂ /XX ♀, with the same chromosome morphology as E. ( P.) didymus n. sp. as well as in secondary constrictions position and satellite size. There is same minor variation in the centromeric index among new species.

Male and Female measurements. Tables 2 and 4.