Leptotyphlops scutifrons

Leptotyphlops scutifrons species group

Leptotyphlops distanti ( mean based on six females, MCZ 21304, NMZB-UM 31602 , TM 5059 , 12720 , 12772 , 54016 )

Posterior tip of sternohyoideus 10.7%, sternohyoideus-heart gap 0.21, heart elongate, 4.5% (MP = 15.9%), snout-heart interval 18.2%, heart-liver gap 8.8%, liver nearly straight with squarish multipartite lobes and a wavy vena cava, right liver 38.7% (MP = 46.3%) with 43.0 (34–55) segments, left liver 32.4% (MP = 45.9%) with 36.3 (27–43) segments, anterior liver extension 0.07, posterior liver tail 0.10, left liver = 0.83 right liver, liver-gall bladder gap 0.9%, gall bladder 1.6% (MP = 67.3%), adjacent to pancreas (1.5%) and caudad of juxtasplenic body (1.8%) and smaller spleen, right ovary 6.3% (MP = 80.2%) with 2.3 (1–4) ova and 7.3 (3–13) follicles, left ovary 6.0% (MP = 84.4%) with 2.3 (2–3) ova and 8.0 (2–17) follicles, right adrenal MP = 69.7%, left adrenal MP = 71.2%, kidneys smooth, right kidney 3.4% (MP = 87.1%), left kidney 3.5% (MP = 90.0%), kidney-vent interval 14.7%, kidney-vent gap 8.2%, kidney overlap 0.09, rectal caecum 1.9%, twice the diameter of adjacent small intestine, caecum-vent interval 9.5%.

Respiratory system lacking tracheal lung and left lung complex, trachea 17.2% (MP = 9.6%), estimated number of tracheal rings 150.2 (108–170) or 88.3 rings/10% SVL, anterior lung tip 15.8%, cardiac lung 2.4%, tracheal entry terminal, right lung 21.7% (MP = 29.0%), cranial half with one layer of triangular and diamond-shaped faveoli, caudal half reticulate with network of trabeculae, posterior tip 39.9%, bronchus 8.2%, posterior tip of bronchus 26.4%, bronchus = 0.38 right lung, trachea-bronchus 25.4% (MP = 13.7%), total lung 24.1% (MP = 27.8%).

Reproduction. Wallach (1998b) estimated the clutch size as 4–6. TM 12772 (SVL 171 mm, MBD 3.8 mm) with 3/1vitellogenic ova (7 x 1.5 mm /6 x 1.7 mm) and 6/9 follicles on 31 October 1927; TM 12720 (SVL 212 mm, MBD 3.5 mm) with 2/4 ova (6 x 1.5–5 x 1.5 mm /6 x 1.8–5.5 x 2 mm) and 7/3 follicles on 4 November 1915; TM 5059 (SVL 179 mm, MBD 3.5 mm) with 2/ 1 eggs (12 x 2.5, 9 x 2.5 mm /9 x 3 mm) and 0/1 ova (3 x 1.5 mm) on 5 December 1914.

Leptotyphlops incognitus ( mean based on two males, NMZB-UM 20579 , 28498 , one female paratype, NMZB-UM 23924 , and four females, NMZB 11399 View Materials , NMZB-UM 7563 , 7603 , 20698 )

Posterior tip of sternohyoideus 13.1%, sternohyoideus-heart gap 0.17, heart 4.8% (MP = 18.1%), snout-heart interval 20.5%, heart-liver gap 8.9%, liver lobes multipartite, right liver 35.0% (MP = 46.9%) with 30.3 (24– 41) segments, left liver 26.7% (MP = 45.9%) with 24.3 (19–32) segments, anterior liver extension 0.09, posterior liver tail 0.15, left liver = 0.76 right liver, liver-gall bladder gap 1.7%, gall bladder 1.3% (MP = 66.7%), wedged between subequal pancreas (1.4%) and more craniad juxtasplenic body (2.3%), testes multipartite, right testis 4.9% (MP = 80.2%) with 5.0 (3–7) segments, left testis 5.4% (MP = 82.9%) with 5.5 (3–8) segments, right ovary 4.2% (MP = 77.4%) with 2.3 (1–3) ova and 4.5 (3–5) follicles, left ovary 3.6% (MP = 80.8%) with 2.0 (0–0) ova and 3.3 (2–4) follicles, right adrenal MP = 83.1%, left adrenal MP = 84.6%, kidneys smooth, right kidney 3.2% (MP = 86.4%), left kidney 3.2% (MP = 89.2%), kidney-vent interval 15.2%, kidney-vent gap 9.2%, kidney overlap 0.12, rectal caecum 1.7%, 2–4 times the diameter of adjacent small intestine, caecum-vent interval 9.1%.

Respiratory system lacking tracheal lung and left lung complex, trachea 19.2% (MP = 10.9%), estimated number of tracheal rings 165.9 (144–214) or 85.3 rings/10% SVL, anterior lung tip 17.9%, cardiac lung 2.6%, tracheal entry terminal, right lung 21.9% (MP = 31.5%), cranial half with single layer of round faveoli, caudal half reticulate with network of trabeculae, posterior tip 42.4%, bronchus 7.9%, posterior tip of bronchus 28.4%, bronchus = 0.36 right lung, trachea-bronchus 27.1% (MP = 14.8%), total lung 24.5% (MP = 30.2%).

Reproduction. Wallach (1998b) estimated the clutch size as 2–5. PEM R 12015 (SVL 123 mm) laid 3 eggs (mean 10.8 mm, r = 9.2–11.8 mm) on 5 December 1995 ( Branch and Haagner, 1996) . NMZB-UM 7563 (SVL 135 mm, MBD 2.5 mm) with 2/3 vitellogenic ova (2.0 x 1 mm /3 x 1.5 mm) and 4/5 follicles on 2 November 1963 . NMZB-UM 7603 (SVL 126 mm, MBD 2.3 mm) with 1/1 oviducal eggs (15 x 2mm /15 x 2.5 mm) and 6/4 follicles on 3 December 1963 . NMZB 11399 View Materials (SVL 105 mm) with 1/1 vitellogenic ova and 3/5 follicles ; NMZB-UM 20698 (SVL 127 mm) with 3/0 ova and 2/3 foolicles ; NMZB-UM 23924 (SVL 138 mm) with 2/ 0 ova and 0/0 follicles (dales unknown) .

Leptotyphlops latirostris ( mean based on two males, MCZ 53261, 57459 About MCZ )

Posterior tip of sternohyoideus 15.2%, sternohyoideus-heart gap 0.11, heart 5.0% (MP = 19.6%), snout-heart interval 22.1%, heart-liver gap 9.4%, liver lobes multipartite, right liver 33.0% (MP = 48.0%) with 28.0 (25– 32) segments, left liver 28.6% (MP = 48.1%) with 23.7 (22–25) segments, anterior extension of right liver lobe 0.07, posterior tail of right liver lobe 0.06, left liver = 0.87 right liver, liver-gall bladder gap 3.9%, gall bladder 1.6% (MP = 69.2%), caudal to pancreas (1.5%), juxtasplenic body (2.4%) and spleen (1.0%), testes multipartite, right testis 5.1% (MP = 78.2%) with 9.7 (7–11) segments, left testis 4.8% (MP = 82.2%) with 9.3 (6–12) segments, right adrenal MP = 82.5%, left adrenal MP = 84.5%, right kidney 3.7% (MP = 85.6%), left kidney 3.9% (MP = 87.8%), kidney overlap 0.29, kidney-vent interval 16.3%, kidney-vent gap 10.2%, rectal caecum 1.2%, 2–4 times the diameter of adjacent small intestine, rectal caecum-vent interval 10.2%.

Respiratory system lacking tracheal lung and left lung complex, trachea 20.5% (MP = 11.9%), estimated number of tracheal rings 150.5 or 72.1 rings/10% SVL, anterior lung tip 20.3%, cardiac lung 1.8%, tracheal entry terminal, right lung 20.4% (MP = 32.3%), cranial portion with one layer of circular faveoli, caudal portion reticulate with network of trabeculae lining saccular membrane, posterior lung tip 42.5%, right bronchus 10.1%, bronchus posterior tip 32.2%, bronchus = 0.50 right lung, trachea-bronchus 30.5% (MP = 16.9%), total lung 22.2% (MP = 31.4%).

Leptotyphlops nigroterminus ( mean based on male holotype, MCZ 54813, and three female paratype, KU 172930, MCZ 52634, 54653 About MCZ )

Sternohyoideus posterior tip 12.2%, sternohyoideus-heart gap 0.15, heart 4.7% (MP = 16.6%), snout-heart interval 19.0%, heart-liver gap 8.4%, liver lobes multipartite, right liver 38.0% (MP = 46.3%) with 41.3 (35– 49) segments, left liver 29.9% (MP = 46.1%) with 30.8 (21–38) segments, postcava with zig-zag configuration, anterior liver extension 0.10, posterior liver tail 0.12, left liver = 0.90 right liver, liver-gall bladder gap 0.9, gall bladder 1.4% (MP = 66.9%) wedged between caudal pancreas and large juxtasplenic body (2.0%), small spleen (0.6%) adjacent to anterior tip of juxtasplenic body, testes multipartite, right testis 6.0% (MP = 82.9%) with 11 segments, left testis 4.0% (MP = 87.2%) with 10 segments, right ovary 4.8% (MP = 77.8%) with 1.5 (1–2) vitellogenic ova and 7.0 (3–12) follicles, left ovary 4.2% (MP = 80.7%) with 1.7 (1–2) ova and 6.7 (4–10) follicles, clutch size = 2–3, right adrenal MP = 82.1%, left adrenal MP = 84.1%, kidneys creased with two renal arteries, right kidney 3.3% (MP = 85.3%), left kidney 3.5% (MP = 87.6%), kidney overlap 0.19, kidney-vent interval 16.5%, kidney-vent gap 10.6%, rectal caecum large 2.3%, 3–4 times the diameter of adjacent small intestine, caecum-vent interval 10.3%.

Tracheal lung and left lung complex absent, trachea 17.9% ( MP = 10.1%), estimated number of tracheal rings 175.7 (160–192) or 96.3 rings/10% SVL, anterior tip of lung 16.8%, cardiac lung 2.2%, tracheal entry terminal, right lung broad, 28.3% ( MP = 33.1%) with two layers of faveoli anteriorly and minute foramina ( type G) located between distal tips of bronchial cartilages, posterior lung narrowly constricted (0.08 MBD in MCZ 52634) and reticulate, posterior tip of right lung 47.3%, bronchus 9.4%, bronchus posterior tip 28.3%, bronchus = 0.35 right lung, trachea-bronchus 27.3% (MP = 14.7%), total lung 30.5% (MP = 32.0%).

Reproduction. MCZ 54653 (SVL 171 mm, MBD = 3 mm) with 2/1 ova (4 x 1 mm) and 10/12 follicles in February 195; KU 172930 (SVL 144 mm, MBD = 3 mm) with 2/0 ova (4 x 1.5, 3.5 x 1.5 mm) and 4/6 follicles on 18 August 1976; MCZ 52634 (SVL 183 mm, MBD = 2.5 mm) with 1/2 ova (2.5 x 1 mm /3.5 x 1.25, 3.0 x 1 mm) and 6/3 follicles on 24 August 1951. This suggest a biannual reproductive cycle.

Leptotyphlops pungwensis ( based on female holotype, NMZB-UM 7251 )

Posterior tip of sternohyoideus 16.0%, sternohyoideus-heart gap 0.10, heart 5.3% (MP = 20.4%), snout-heart interval 23.1%, heart-liver gap 10.1%, liver lobes multipartite with rectangular segment, right liver 36.7% (MP = 51.4%) with 34 segments, left liver 29.6% (MP = 50.9%) with 22 segments, postcava straight along cranial liver and wavy along caudal liver, anterior liver extension 0.08, posterior liver tail 0.11, left liver = 0.81 right liver, liver-gall bladder gap 4.7%, gall bladder 1.8% (MP = 75.4%), ovaries undeveloped, right ovary 2.4% (MP = 81.7%) with no ova and 3 follicles, left ovary 1.8% (MP = 84.3%) with no ova and 1 follicle, kidneys smooth, right kidney 3.0% (MP = 86.1%), left kidney 3.0% (MP = 88.8%), kidney-vent interval 15.4%, kidney-vent gap 9.8%, kidney overlap 0.05, rectal caecum 1.8%, 1.5 times the diameter of adjacent small intestine, caecum-vent interval 9.5%.

Respiratory system lacking tracheal lung and left lung complex, trachea 21.3% (MP = 12.4%), estimated number of tracheal rings 144 or 67.6 rings/10% SVL, anterior lung tip 19.5%, cardiac lung 3.6%, tracheal entry terminal, right lung 31.4% (MP = 38.8%), cranial 1/5 with single layer of faveoli, followed by 1/5 with single layer of ediculae, 1/5 reticulate with network of trabeculae, and caudal 2/5 saccular, posterior tip 54.4%, bronchus 10.7%, posterior tip of bronchus 33.7%, bronchus = 0.34 right lung, trachea-bronchus 32.0% (MP = 17.8%), total lung 34.9% (MP = 37.0%).

Reproduction. Wallach (1998b) estimated the clutch size as 4. The holotype (SVL 85 mm, MBD 1.2 mm), presumably a juvenile, lacking ova but with 1/3 follicles on 8 November 1963.

Leptotyphlops scutifrons scutifrons ( mean based on one male, TM 24629 , and six females, FMNH 80015 About FMNH , NMZB-UM 28264 , 31233 , TM 5068 , 25576 , 44732 )

Posterior tip of sternohyoideus 12.0%, sternohyoideus-heart gap 0.18, heart 4.1% (MP = 16.6%), snout-heart interval 18.7%, heart-liver gap 10.4%, liver lobes multipartite, right liver 37.9% (MP = 48.0%) with 38.3 (29– 52) segments, left liver 31.6% (MP = 47.1%) with 31.0 (22–45) segments, postcava straight cranially and zigzag caudally, anterior liver extension 0.06, posterior liver tail 0.11, left liver = 0.83 right liver, liver-gall bladder gap 1.2%, gall bladder 1.2% (MP = 68.7%), wedged between caudal pancreas (1.5%) and craniad juxtasplenic body (1.6%), with spleen (1.7%) along anterior end of juxtasplenic body, testes multipartite, right testis 7.2% (MP = 74.6%) with 13 segments, left testis 4.6% (MP = 77.9%) with 11 segments, right ovary 5.0% (MP = 81.4%) with 2.8 (2–4) ova and 4.8 (0–12) follicles, left ovary 3.1% (MP = 83.8%) with 1.3 (0–3) ova and 3.3 (0–10) follicles, right adrenal MP = 83.1%, left adrenal MP = 85.2%, kidneys smooth, unsegmented, right kidney 2.7% (MP = 85.4%), left kidney 3.0% (MP = 89.0%), kidney-vent interval 16.0%, kidney-vent gap 9.6%, kidney-kidney gap 0.03, rectal caecum 1.6%, 2 times the diameter of adjacent small intestine, caecumvent interval 9.4%.

Respiratory system lacking tracheal lung and left lung complex, trachea 17.5% (MP = 9.9%), estimated number of tracheal rings 181.8 (143–208) or 102.7 rings/10% SVL, anterior lung tip 17.0%, cardiac lung 1.7%, tracheal entry terminal, right lung 24.1% (MP =30.7%), cranial third to quarter with 2 layers of deep diamond-shaped faveoli, mesial quarter with a single layer of ediculae, caudal half reticulate with network of trabeculae, posterior tip 42.8%, bronchus 9.4%, with type G foramina between bronchial cartilages, posterior tip of bronchus 28.1%, bronchus = 0.43 right lung, trachea-bronchus 26.9% (MP = 14.6%), total lung 25.7% (MP = 29.9%).

Reproduction Three large eggs present in a 200 mm female (BMNH 1934.4.6.3) ( Broadley and Watson, 1976). Gravid females in November and December with largest eggs 14 x 3.5 mm ( De Waal, 1978). Wallach (1998b) estimated the clutch size as 2–8. Vitellogenesias occurs in the spring (Sept.–Nov.) and oviposition in the summer (Dec.–Feb.) with relatively large neonates of 52–58 mm (n = 6) with adult mean length of 131 mm ( Webb et al., 2000). Mean clutch size 2.3 (r = 1–3) eggs and mean egg size 18.6 x 3.3 mm (r = 13–25 x 2.3–4.0 mm) in a sample of 8 females ( Webb et al., 2000). NMZB-UM 28264 (SVL 169 mm) with vitellogenic ova (1/3) in December 1971, TM 25576 (SVL 171 mm) with ova (0/2) on 9 January 1955, and FMNH 80015 (SVL 215 mm) with ova (3/5) in January–March 1957. TM 44732 (SVL 179 mm) with ova (1/2) on 22 June 1974. TM 5068 (SVL 172 mm) with 3 oviducal eggs in January 1913.

Leptotyphlops scutifrons conjunctus ( mean based on three males, MCZ 55831, NMZB-UM 12522 , 31422 , and three females, NMZB-UM 31423 , TM 76130 , 76153 )

Posterior tip of sternohyoideus 13.7%, sternohyoideus-heart gap 0.14, heart 4.7% (MP = 18.1%), snout-heart interval 20.4%, heart-liver gap 10.3%, liver lobes multipartite with rectangular segments, right liver 30.7% (MP = 46.1%) with 29.2 (24–37) segments, left liver 23.6% (MP = 45.6%) with 20.0 (16–26) segments, postcava straight throughout, anterior liver extension 0.10, posterior liver tail 0.13, left liver = 0.77 right liver, liver-gall bladder gap 1.0%, gall bladder 1.6% (MP = 63.2%) adjacent to pancreas (1.6%) and cranially positioned spleen (0.7%) and caudad of juxtasplenic body (2.2%), testes multipartite, right testis 6.2% (MP = 76.9%) with 8.7 (4–11) segments, left testis 5.1% (MP = 79.2%) with 8.0 (3–13) segments, right ovary 4.5% (MP = 74.1%) with 3.7 (1–7) ova and 4.3 (2–8) follicles, left ovary 3.1% (MP = 78.0%) with 2.7 (2–3) ova and 3.5 (2–5) follicles, right adrenal MP = 79.6%, left adrenal MP = 81.9%, kidneys smooth and thin, right kidney 3.4% (MP = 83.3%), left kidney 3.5% (MP = 85.8%), kidney-vent interval 18.4%, kidney-vent gap 12.4%, kidney overlap 0.15, rectal caecum 1.7% (absent in TM 76130), equal in diameter to adjacent small intestine, caecum-vent interval 11.2%.

Respiratory system lacking tracheal lung and left lung complex, trachea 19.1% (MP = 10.9%), estimated number of tracheal rings 132.6 (99–165) or 69.4 rings/10% SVL, anterior lung tip 18.5%, cardiac lung 2.0%, tracheal entry terminal, right lung 22.8% (MP = 31.8%), cranial 1/3 with 2 layers of diamond-shaped faveoli, medial 1/3 with single layer of ediculae, caudal 1/3 with network of reticulate trabeculae, posterior tip 43.2%, bronchus 7.6%, posterior tip of bronchus 28.0%, bronchus = 0.33 right lung, trachea-bronchus 26.7% (MP = 14.7%), total lung 24.7% (MP = 30.9%).

Reproduction. Wallach (1998b) estimated the clutch size as 4–10. Mean clutch size 2.6 (r = 2–3) and mean egg size 14 x 2.9 mm (r = 9–18 x 2.5–3 mm) in sample of 5 females ( Webb et al., 2000). TM 76153 (SVL 141 mm, MBD 3 mm) with 3/7 ova (3 x 1–1.5 x 0.75 mm /3 x 1–1.5 x 1 mm) and 0/3 follicles on 18 November 1981; TM 76130 (SVL 116 mm, MBD 3 mm) with 3/1 ova (1 x 0.75 mm /1.5 x 1 mm) and 5/8 follicles on 7 January 1983. NMZB-UM 31423 (SVL 95 mm) with 2/3 ova and 2/2 follicles (date unknown).

Leptotyphlops scutifrons merker i ( mean based on two males, MCZ 18178, 52629 About MCZ , ZMB 29081C, and ten females, MCZ 52630-31 About MCZ , 54515 About MCZ , NMZB 8089 View Materials , 9938 View Materials , 11371–72 View Materials , 14101 View Materials , 14109 View Materials , ZMB 21172)

Posterior tip of sternohyoideus 12.6%, sternohyoideus-heart gap 0.14, heart 4.8% (MP = 17.1%), snout-heart interval 19.6%, heart-liver gap 9.3%, liver lobes multipartite, right liver 39.8% (MP = 48.7%) with 40.9 (33– 50) segments, left liver 34.8% (MP = 48.8%) with 34.8 (29–42) segments, anterior liver extension 0.06, posterior liver tail 0.06, left liver = 0.88 right liver, liver-gall bladder gap 0.7%, gall bladder 1.6% (MP = 70.1%) caudad of spleen (0.9%) and juxtasplenic body (1.4%), testes multipartite, right testis 5.3% (MP = 79.4%) with 10.0 (8–12) segments, left testis 6.0% (MP = 83.5%) with 9.5 (7–12) segments, right ovary 4.3% (MP = 80.1%) with 1.4 (0–3) ova and 6.6 (4–9) follicles, left ovary 3.6% (MP = 82.6%) with 1.1 (0–3) ova and 5.2 (1–8) follicles, right adrenal MP = 84.0%, left adrenal MP = 86.2%, right kidney 3.2% (MP = 86.8%), left kidney 3.4% (MP = 89.2%), kidney-vent interval 14.8%, kidney-vent gap 9.0%, kidney overlap 0.16, rectal caecum 1.7%, 2–4 times the diameter of adjacent small intestine, caecum-vent interval 9.5%.

Respiratory system lacking tracheal lung and left lung complex, trachea 18.2% (MP = 10.5%), estimated number of tracheal rings 162.8 (115–216) or 88.3 rings/10% SVL, anterior lung tip 17.2%, cardiac lung 2.3%, tracheal entry terminal, right lung XXX% (MP =32.4%), cranial half with 1–2 layers of faveoli, caudal half narrow and reticulate with network of trabeculae, posterior tip 45.2%, bronchus 9.5%, posterior tip of bronchus 29.1%, bronchus = 0.39 right lung, trachea-bronchus 27.8% (MP = 15.2%), total lung 27.9% (MP = 31.2%).

Reproduction. Wallach (1998b) estimated the clutch size as 1–5. MCZ 52631 (SVL 170 mm, MBD 3.5 mm) with 0/2 ova (2.5 x 1, 2 x 1 mm) and 8/7 follicles on 10–20 January 1952 ; MCZ 54515 (SVL 171 mm, MBD 3.5 mm) with 1/ 1 eggs (7.5 x 2 mm /7 x 2 mm) and 6/4 follicles on 25 April 1954 ; NMZB 9938 View Materials (SVL 163 mm, MBD 3 mm) with 1/0 egg (12.5 x 2 mm) and 5/9 follicles on 28 April 1988 ; MCZ 52630 (SVL 172 mm, MBD 2.6 mm) with 1/1 ova (4 x 1 mm /4.5 x 1.5 mm) and 3/9 follicles on 21 June 1950 ; NMZB 14101 View Materials (SVL 125 mm, MBD 2.8 mm) with 1/3 ova (1.5 x 1 mm) and 6/5 follicles on 28 October 1994 ; NMZB 14109 View Materials (SVL 114 mm, MBD 2.7 mm) with 1/0 ovum (3 x 1 mm) and 3/4 follicles on 29 November 1994 . NMZB 8089 View Materials (SVL 131 mm) lacking developing ova but with 2/4 follicles on 25 May 1985 . ZMB 21172 (SVL 171 mm) with 1/ 1 eggs (9 x 2.5 mm /10 x 2.5 mm) and 7/6 follicles ; NMZB 11372 View Materials (SVL 162 mm) with 1/ 1 eggs (11 x 2 mm /7 x 2 mm) and 6/7 follicles ; NMZB 11371 View Materials ( 176 mm) with 3/2 ova (3 x 1 mm) and 5/8 follicles (dates unknown). Oviposition appears to occur in late April to May .

Leptotyphlops scutifrons pitmani ( mean based on three male paratypes, CAS 85761, LIVM 1962.106 .59, 1962.168.26, and two female paratypes, LIVM 1962.50 .35, 1962.106.60)

Sternohyoideus posterior tip 14.0%, sternohyoideus-heart gap 0.13, heart 4.7% (MP = 18.3%), snout-heart interval 20.7%, heart-liver gap 6.6%, liver lobes multipartite, right liver 36.9% (MP = 45.6%) with 34.7 (29– 39) segments, left liver 30.6% (MP = 44.5%) with 27.0 (26–28) segments, anterior liver extension 0.05, posterior liver tail 0.12, left liver = 0.83 right liver, liver-gall bladder gap 2.7%, gall bladder 2.0% (MP = 67.8%), smaller than more craniad juxtasplenic body (2.6%), testes multipartite, right testis 5.3% (MP = 78.1%) with 11.5 (10–13) segments, left testis 4.9% (MP = 81.0%) with 9.5 (8–11) segments, right ovary 3.8% (MP = 79.4%) with 2 large eggs (8.0–9.0 x 2.5–2.8 mm), one ovum and 10 follicles, left ovary 3.8% (MP = 81.8%) with 5 ova and 8 follicles, right adrenal MP = 81.5%, left adrenal MP = 83.2%, right kidney 3.8% (MP = 84.5%), left kidney 3.8% (MP = 87.2%), kidney overlap 0.19, kidney-vent interval 17.4%, kidney-vent gap 10.8%, rectal caecum 2.0%, twice the diameter of adjacent small intestine, caecum-vent interval 11.4%.

Respiratory system lacking tracheal lung and left lung complex, trachea 19.7% (MP = 10.8%) with an estimated 150.2 (140–170) tracheal rings or 80.1 rings/10% SVL, anterior tip of lung 17.6%, cardiac lung 3.1%, tracheal entry terminal, right lung 22.1% (MP = 31.7%) with two layers of faveoli anteriorly and tiny type G foramina between tips of bronchial cartilages, posterior lung narrow with trabecular parenchyma, posterior lung tip 42.7%, two specimens with lung tip folded back upon itself for 5% SVL, bronchus 10.6%, posterior tip of bronchus 31.8%, bronchus = 0.58 right lung, trachea-bronchus 32.5% (MP = 17.2%), total lung 24.2% (MP = 30.4%).

Reproduction. LIVM 1962.106.60 (SVL 166 mm) with 0/ 2 eggs (9 x 2.7, 8 x 2.5 mm), 1/5 ova (1.5 x 1 mm /2 x 1–1.5 x 0.75 mm), and 8/10 follicles (date unknown).

Leptotyphlops sylvicolus ( mean based on one male, NMZB-UM 11903 , and two females, TM 29975 , 54602 )

Posterior tip of sternohyoideus 16.5%, sternohyoideus-heart gap 0.10, heart 5.6% (MP = 21.1%), snout-heart interval 23.9%, heart-liver gap 10.4%, liver lobes multipartite with transversely rectangular segments, right liver 31.7% (MP = 50.2%) with 22.7 (22–24) segments, left liver 24.9% (MP = 49.3%) with 22.3 (17–28) segments, postcava straight throughout, anterior liver extension 0.08, posterior liver tail 0.13, left liver = 0.79 right liver, liver-gall bladder overlap 0.3%, gall bladder 1.7% (MP = 66.5%), wedged between adjacent pancreas (1.7%) and craniad juxtasplenic body (2.5%) and spleen (1.2%), testes multipartite, right testis 8.6% (MP = 76.1%) with 8 segments, left testis 8.6% (MP = 81.6%) with 8 segments, right ovary 5.2% (MP = 79.0%) with 2.0 (2–2) ova and 1.0 (1–1) follicles, left ovary 5.5% (MP = 80.9%) with 2.0 (2–2) ova and 4.5 (0–9) follicles, right adrenal MP = 81.0%, left adrenal MP = 82.4%, kidneys smooth and creased, right kidney 4.1% (MP = 85.5%), left kidney 4.1% (MP = 88.4%), kidney-vent interval 16.5%, kidney-vent gap 9.6%, kidney overlap 0.16, rectal caecum 2.2%, twice the diameter of adjacent small intestine, caecum-vent interval 12.3%.

Respiratory system lacking tracheal lung and left lung complex, trachea 22.2% (MP = 12.9%), estimated number of tracheal rings 147.7 (135–154) or 67.7 rings/10% SVL, anterior lung tip 20.6%, cardiac lung 3.3%, tracheal entry terminal, right lung 22.8% (MP = 35.4%), cranial 1/3 with 2 layers of faveoli, mesial 1/3 with single layer of ediculae, caudal 1/3 reticulate with trabecular network, posterior tip 46.8%, bronchus 10.3%, posterior tip of bronchus 34.2%, bronchus = 0.45 right lung, trachea-bronchus 32.5% (MP = 18.0%), bronchus = 0.45 right lung, total lung 26.2% (MP = 33.7%).

Reproduction. Wallach (1998b) estimated the clutch size as 4. TM 54602 (SVL 101 mm, MBD 3 mm) with 2/2 vitellogenic ova (3 x 1 mm /2.5 x 1.5 mm) and 9/1 follicles on 24 September 1980; TM 29975 (SVL 103 mm) with 2/2 ova (3.5 x 1.25, 2 x 1.25 mm /4 x 1.25, 2 x 1.5 mm) and 0/1 follicles (date unknown).

Leptotyphlops telloi ( mean based on male holotype, NMZB-UM 30635 , and female paratype, TM 31238 )

Posterior tip of sternohyoideus 13.3%, sternohyoideus-heart gap 0.17, heart 4.1% (MP = 16.5%), snout-heart interval 18.6%, heart-liver gap 12.6%, liver lobes multipartite with longitudinally rectangular segments, right liver 42.2% (MP = 52.2%) with 32 segments, left liver 35.1% (MP = 51.8%) with 28 segments, postcava straight throughout, anterior liver extension 0.08, posterior liver tail 0.10, left liver = 0.00 right liver, liver-gall bladder gap 1.3%, gall bladder 1.7% (MP = 75.5%), adjacent to pancreas (1.1%) and caudad of juxtasplenic body (1.6%), testes multipartite, right testis 3.8% (MP = 86.0%) with 8 segments, left testis 3.4% (MP = 86.9%) with 6 segments, right ovary 2.1% (MP = 82.1%) with 5 ova, left ovary 2.5% (MP = 84.0%) with 6 ova, right adrenal MP = 00.0%, left adrenal MP = 00.0%, kidneys smooth, right kidney 2.9% (MP = 88.2%), left kidney 3.4% (MP = 90.4%), kidney-vent interval 13.2%, kidney-vent gap 8.0%, kidney overlap 0.19, rectal caecum 1.2%, 4 times the diameter of adjacent small intestine, caecum-vent interval 8.0%.

Respiratory system lacking tracheal lung and left lung complex, trachea 17.5% (MP = 9.8%), estimated number of tracheal rings 171 (171–171) or 93.4 rings/10% SVL, minute foramina ( type G fide Wallach, 1998) present between tips of tracheal cartilages, anterior lung tip 16.7%, cardiac lung 1.8%, tracheal entry terminal, right lung 22.3% (MP = 29.6%), cranial 1/3 with 2 layers of diamond-shaped faveoli, medial 1/3 with single layer of ediculae, caudal 1/3 reticulate with network of trabeculae, posterior tip 40.8%, bronchus 9.6%, posterior tip of bronchus 28.1%, bronchus = 0.43 right lung, trachea-bronchus 27.1% (MP = 14.6%), total lung 24.1% (MP = 28.8%).

Reproduction. The paratype (SVL 163 mm, MBD 2.2 mm) with 6/5 vitellogenic ova on 23 November 1964.