Tachinus (Tachinoderus) diminutus Sharp, 1888

Tachinus (Tachinoderus) diminutus Sharp, 1888 View in CoL

[Japanese name: Kokuro-marukubi-hanekakushi]

( Fig. 1B View Fig )

Tachinus diminutus Sharp, 1888: 385 View in CoL (original description); LI (1995b): 211 (redescription).

Tachinus (Tachinoderus) aokii Hayashi & Yoshida, 2016: 129 View in CoL . New junior synonym.

See LI (1995b: 211) for complete synonyms.

Type material studied. T. diminutus . LECTOTYPE: ♁: “ Tachinus diminutus ♁ Type Sendai 21.10.80 [illegible] Lewis [on the mounting card] / Syntype [round, pale blue margin] / Type [round, red margin] / Sendai 20.X.–22.X.80 / Japan G. Lewis 1910-320 / Tachinus diminutus Shp. ♁ W.G. Ullrich det. 19312 / Lectotypus Tachinus diminutus Sharp ♁ des. W.G.Ullrich 1973 19312 [red]”, ( BMNH) . PARALECTOTYPES: ♀: “ Tachinus diminutus ♀ Type Kiga Jap. Lewis [on the mounting card] / Syntype [round, pale blue margin] / Type [round, red margin] / Japan G. Lewis / Sharp Coll. 1905-313 / Tachinus diminutus Shp. ♀ W.G. Ullrich det. 20940 / Paralectotypus Tachinus diminutus Sharp ♀ des. W.G. Ullrich 1974 20940 [rot]”, ( BMNH).

Tachinus aokii . PARATYPES: 1 ♁ 5 ♀♀: “Sotoyama, Tamayama-mura, Iwate Pref., JAPAN 6. IX. 2008 J. Aoki leg. / PARATYPE Tachinus (Tachinoderus) aokii HAYASHI sp. nov. ” ( KUM).

Additional material examined. JAPAN: HONSHU: IWATE- KEN: 1 ♁, Yakebashiri, Iwate-san, Hachimantai-shi, 1.x.1992, S. Nomura leg. ( KUM). FUKUSHIMA- KEN: 1 ♁, Adatara-yama, 9.vii.1985, S. Nomura leg. ( KUM); 1 ♁ 1 ♀, Yokomuki, Adatara-yama, Inawashiro-machi, 10.vii.1985, S. Nomura leg. ( KUM); 1 ♁, Nakatsugawa, Azuma-yama, 19.viii.1996, S. Naomi leg. ( KUM); 3 exs., Bandai-kôgen (1000 m alt.), 15.iv.2006, T. Lackner leg. (cSch). GUNMA- KEN: 1 ♀, Nikko distr., L. Marunuma (1430–1500 m alt.), 11–12.viii.1980, P.M. Hammond leg. ( BMNH). TOKYO- TO: 1 ♀, old road on the right bank of Ogawadani (700 m alt.), Nippara, Okutama-machi, 4.vii.1999, K. Haga leg. ( KUM); 1 ex., Nippara valley, Okutama, 10.viii.2003, P. Jałoszyński leg. (cSch). YAMANASHI- KEN: 1 ♀, Hirogawara, Kita-dake, 20.viii.1987, S. Nomura leg. ( KUM). NAGANO- KEN: 1 ♁, Iriyamabe, Matsumoto-shi, 4.v.2022, T. Hashizume leg. ( KUM); 1 ♁ 1 ♀, Ashidahakkano, Tateshina-machi, 16.viii.2020, T. Hashizume leg. ( KUM); 1 ex., Suhara, 15.v.1953, Y. Wada leg. ( NHMW). SHIKOKU: EHIME- KEN: 4 ♁♁ 6 ♀♀, Odamiyama, 11.vii.1994, E. Yamamoto leg. ( KUM); 1 ♁, Saragamine, Toon-shi, 33°28′37.4″N, 132°58′36″E, 100-year dec. mountain forest, 16.v.2018, P. Jałoszyński leg. (cJał). KYUSHU: NAGASAKI- KEN: 1 ♀, Unzen- -dake, 6.vi.1977, S. Imasaka leg. ( KUM). KUMAMOTO- KEN: 1 ♀, “Mt. Hakucho”, 7–9.xi.1980, M. T. Chûjô leg. ( KUM); 1 ♁, Shiratori-yama, 5.iv.1987, S. Nomura leg. ( KUM).

Diagnosis. Tachinus (Tachinoderus) diminutus is similar to T. (Tachinoderus) yamato in forebody without microsculpture and asymmetrical parameres of aedeagus but can be distinguished by aedeagus with the left paramere only slightly shorter than the right one. For detailed redescription, see LI (1995b: 211).

Biology. This species is often collected from dead trees.

Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Izu-shotô Isls. (Mikura-jima Is.), Shikoku, Kyushu). Specimens of T. diminutus recorded from Mikura-jima ( SAWADA & WATANABE 1969) need to be reexamined because many specimens of a similar species, T. kobensis , were identified from this island in this study. Remarks on the synonymy. In the original description, HAYASHI & YOSHIDA (2016) compared Tachinus aokii with T. diminutus Sharp. They mentioned differences in the absence of microsculpture on tergite III and differences in the shape of the aedeagus and female tergite VIII. The examination of these characters revealed that the microsculpture of the abdominal tergites is subject to a certain variability. The same applies to the shape of female tergite VIII. All examined males have nearly identical shape of the aedeagus, including the asymmetrical parameres, and correspond well with the illustration in HAYASHI & YOSHIDA (2016). The male genitalia are identical with those of the lectotype of Tachinus diminutus examined by us. The description of T. aokii is probably based on the comparison of the genitalia with the illustration of the aedeagus of Tachinus diminutus by LI (1995b, fig. 7D) which, in contrast to the description in the text, depicts a symmetrical aedeagus. Based on these observations, we synonymize T. aokii with T. diminutus .

Tachinus (Tachinoderus) iriomotensis Li, 1994 [Japanese name: Iriomote-marukubi-hanekakushi]

( Fig. 1C View Fig )

Tachinus (Tachinoderus) iriomotensis Li, 1994:664 View in CoL (original description); LI (1995b): 214 (diagnostic redescription).

Type material studied. PARATYPES: JAPAN: OKINAWA- KEN: ISHIGAKI- -JIMA IS.: 5 ♁♁ 2 ♀♀, Omoto-dake, 8.vi.1983, S. Imasaka leg. ( KUM); 2 ♁♁, same locality, 20.iii.1978, S. Naomi leg. ( KUM); 3 ♁♁ 3 ♀♀, same locality, 9.iv.1986, S. Nomura leg. ( KUM); IRIOMOTE- JIMA IS.: 6 ♁♁ 3 ♀♀, Kampiree-no-taki (Kampree waterfall), 14.iv.1986, S. Nomura leg. ( KUM); 1 ♁ 4 ♀♀, same locality, 27.iii.1984, S. Nomura leg. ( KUM). Additional material examined. JAPAN: OKINAWA- KEN: ISHIGAKI- JIMA IS.: 1 ♀, 31.vii–19.x.1995, K. Takahashi leg. ( KUM); 3 exs., 14–20. ix.2003, P. Jałoszyński leg. (cSch, further specimen in cJał). IRIOMO- TE- JIMA IS.: 1 ♀, Kampiree-no-taki (Kampree waterfall), 16.x.1988, S. Nomura leg. ( KUM); 1 ♀, same locality, 23.iii.1998, M. Maruyama leg. ( KUM); 1 ♀, Komi, 20.iii.1998, M. Maruyama leg. ( KUM); 12 ♁♁ 13 ♀♀, same locality, 13–16.iii.2002, H. Sugaya leg. ( KUM); 1 ♀, same data, but 19–10.iii.2002 ( KUM); 6 exs., Urauchi river, hiking trail to Kampiree-no-taki, forest litter, 25.xii.2008, S. Vit leg. (cSch); 2 exs., mountain jungle, sifted, 14.i.2007, T. Lackner leg. (cSch).

Diagnosis. Tachinus (Tachinoderus) iriomotensis can be distinguished from other members of the subgenus Tachinoderus from Japan by the presence of branched lobes of parameres of aedeagus. This species is similar to T. (Tachinoderus) laosensis Katayama & Li, 2008 , described from Laos, but can be distinguished by smaller body and shorter branched lobes of the parameres ( KATAYAMA & LI 2008). For detailed redescription, see LI (1995b: 214).

Biology. This species is often collected from leaf litter.

Distribution. Japan (Ishigaki-jima Is., Iriomote-jima Is.).

Remarks. SHIBATA et al. (2013) listed this species for Taiwan, but this record is erroneous ( CHANG et al. 2019). The species is probably endemic for the islands of Ishigaki-jima and Iriomote-jima.