Polytoxus Spinola, 1850

Polytoxus Spinola, 1850 View in CoL

Type species: Acanthothorax sanguineus Costa, 1842 . By monotypy, 75 species included.

Polytoxus View in CoL has been characterized by an unarmed clypeus; the head, labium, profemur and protibia ventrally with tufts of stout setae (but never spiniform setae); anterior pronotal lobe unarmed; humeral angles, meso- and metanotum spined; and forewing with a basal cell ( Rédei and Tsai 2010). Currently, it is composed of 75 species, being the most diverse genus within Saicini . Unfortunately it was not possible to include the type species in our data matrix because of the lack of specimens. Our results show that Polytoxus View in CoL may be paraphyletic, with P. annulipes View in CoL and P. fuscovittatus View in CoL more closely related to Tolyxopus View in CoL and Saica View in CoL than to the other Polytoxus species. Interestingly, these results are consistent with Standring et al. (2023), where an unidentified species of Polytoxus View in CoL from India forms a clade with Tolyxopus View in CoL and are sister-group of Saica View in CoL + other Polytoxus species. We only had the opportunity to examine 12 species of this genus, mainly from the Oriental Region; we expect that expanding the sampling with more species and from all the known distributional range of the genus would help to clarify the situation of this genus.

Examined material: Polytoxus annulipes Miyamoto and Lee, 1966 : JAPAN: one male, Komi, Iriomote Is., The Ryukyus, 4.vi.2003, T. Ishikawa. leg ( TUA); one female, Funaura, Iriomote-jima Is., The Ryukyus, 11.×.2004, T. Ishikawa ( TUA). Polytoxus rufinermis ardens Ishikawa and Yano , 2002: one male, one female, paratypes, JAPAN: the Ryuktys Okinawa-honto Is., Yona, Yona-ensyurin, 5.xi.1999, Tadashi Ishikawa ( TUA). Polytoxus armillatus Ishikawa, 1998: one male, one female, paratypes, JAPAN: Chiba Perf. Sakura city, Inba-numa, 9.xi.1997, Koji Toyoda ( TUA). Polytoxus esakii Ishikawa and Yano , 1999: one male, one female, paratypes, TAIWAN: Shao-Tiengchi, Lan-Yu Is., 24.iii.1998, M. Sakai leg ( TUA). Polytoxus eumorphus Miller, 1941 : JAPAN: one male, Komi, Iriomotejima Is., The Ryukyus, 2.ii.2002, T. Ishikawa leg ( TUA); one female, Funaura, Iriomote-jima Is., The Ryukyus, 11.×.2004, T. Ishikawa ( TUA). Polytoxus flammatus Ishikawa and Yano, 2002: JAPAN: one male, Paratype, The Ryukyus, Iriomote-jima Is., Urauchi, 30.v.1999, Hiroki Mizushima ( TUA); one female, The Ryukyus, Iriomote-jima Is., Urauchi, 30.v.1999, T. Ishikawa ( TUA). Polytoxus fuscovittatus ( Stål, 1860) : JAPAN: one male, Sumiyoshi, Iriomote Is., the Ryukyus, 18.v.2001, T. Tsuru leg ( TUA); one female, Otomi, Iriomote Is., the Ryukyus, 24.v.2003, LT., T. Tsuru leg ( TUA). Polytoxus hiemalis Ishikawa and Okajima, 2003: one female, Paratype, VIETNAM: Near Tuyen Larn Lake, Ward 3, Da Lat, Lam Dong, 22.xii.2001, T. Ishikawa leg ( TUA). Polytoxus minimus China, 1940: JAPAN: one male, Ozato, Ishigaki-jima Is., The Ryûkyûs, 4-5.v.2004, T. Ishikawa ( TUA); one female, The Ryukyus, Yonaguni-jima Is., Tarumai, 19.v.2000, Tadashi Ishikawa ( TUA). Polytoxus ruber Yano, 1998 : one male, one female, JAPAN: Maezato, Ishigaki Is., The Ryukyus, 10.vi.2003, T. Ishikawa leg ( TUA). Polytoxus takahashii Yano, 1998 : JAPAN: one male, Maezato, Ishigaki Is., The Ryukyus, 10.vi.2003, T. Ishikawa leg ( TUA); one female, Shiramizu, Ishigakijima Is., The Ryukyus, 7.iii.2002, T. Ishikawa leg ( TUA). Polytoxus vagans Miller, 1940 : JAPAN: one male, Ohara, Iriomote-jima Is., The Loochoos, 21.vi.1966, S. Tachikawa leg. / Light trap ( TUA); one female, The Ryukyus, Iriomote-jima Is., Urauchi, 22.vi.1998, Chuh Ishikawa ( TUA).