Charinus santanensis Vasconcelos & Ferreira (2017)

Charinus santanensis Vasconcelos & Ferreira (2017) View in CoL ( Figs 1–10 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 )

Charinus santanensis View in CoL — Vasconcelos & Ferreira, 2017: 283 (figs 16–23, 27–28); de Miranda et al., 2021: 86 View Cited Treatment , 128–129 (fig. 43)

Type material. Holotype: male, Gruta do Padre Cave , Santana, Bahia, Brazil, 13°13'7.18"S, 44°3'51.98"W, 11 July 2014, R. L. Ferreira leg., (ISLA 12777), not examined GoogleMaps . Paratype: 1 male, same data as holotype ( ISLA 12778), not examined GoogleMaps .

Material examined. Brazil: Bahia. 2♀, São Felix do Coribe municipality, cave PEA-354, 13°25'10.31"S 44°11'30.26"W, 468m, 17–19.iii.2022, K. M. Mise leg. (ISLA 125696; ISLA 125708); 1♂, same locality as previous, 04–06.ii.2023, C. F. Bueno leg. (ISLA 125711); 1♀, same locality as previous, 9.iii.2024, W. Paredes-Munguia leg. ( ISLA 125714); 1♂, same municipality, cave PEA-377, 13°25'3.97"S 44°11'42.65"W, 465m, 28.vii.2022, W. Paredes-Munguia leg. (ISLA 125680); 1♀, same municipality, cave PEA-381, 13°25'5.80"S 44°11'44.11"W, 468m, 23–24.iii.2022, W. Paredes-Munguia leg. ( ISLA 125685); 1♂, same locality as previous, K. M. Mise leg. (ISLA 125703); 1♀, same locality as previous, 01.ii.2022, K. M. Mise leg. ( ISLA 125709); 1♀, same locality as previous, 7.iii.2024, T. A. Kardush leg. (ISLA 125719); 1♀, same municipality, cave PEA-383, 13°25'14.31"S 44°12'9.38"W, 456m, 08–09.ii.2023, C. A. R de Douza leg. ( ISLA 125686); 1♀, same locality as previous, 21.ii.2022, W. Paredes-Munguia leg. (ISLA 125684); 1♂, same locality as previous, 21.ii.2022, W. Paredes-Munguia leg. ( ISLA 125701); 1♂, same locality as previous, (ISLA 125698); 1♂, same locality as previous, 4.iii.2024, W. Paredes-Munguia leg. ( ISLA 125713); 1♀, same locality as previous, 5.iii.2024, W. Paredes-Munguia leg. (ISLA 125715); 1♂, same locality as previous, C. F. Bueno leg. ( ISLA 125689); 1♂, same locality as previous, 21.ii.2022, G. S. Ghedin leg. (ISLA 125705); 1♂, same locality as previous, 5.iii.2024, K. M. Mise leg. ( ISLA 125712); 1♀, same locality as previous, 5.iii.2024, T. A. Kardush leg. (ISLA 125718); 1♀, Santa Maria da Vitória, Gruta do Leão, c.a. 13°12'44.5"S 44°03'51.5"W, 542m, 24.v.2022 ( ISLA 106228) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. Females of C. santanensis have the typical sucker-like female gonopods of the eastern South America Charinus (e.g., de Miranda et al., 2021, figs 6 and 7a–b, e–f); it is distinguishable from other species by the following combination of characters: leg I with 23 articles on tibia and 41 on tarsus; median ( Fig. 7C View FIGURE 7 ) and lateral eyes ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ) present and well developed; eight cheliceral teeth ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ); pedipalp femur with 4–5 dorsal and 4–5 ventral spines; pedipalp patella with 5 dorsal and 4 ventral spines ( Fig. 2A, B View FIGURE 2 ); pedipalp tarsus with two dorsal spines; cleaning organ with 27 superior row of ventral setae (spr Fig. 8C View FIGURE 8 ); frontal and caudal series of trichobothria on leg IV distitibia with six setae. Male diagnosis in Vasconcelos & Ferreira (2017: 283).

Description. Male described by ( Vasconcelos & Ferreira, 2017). Female. Carapace ( Fig. 1A View FIGURE 1 ): flattened, wider than longer. Prominent lateral and median eyes ( Fig. 1A, C View FIGURE 1 ; 4B View FIGURE 4 ; 6 View FIGURE 6 ; 7A, B, C View FIGURE 7 ); from the median eyes starts a thin median furrow that reaches around the median area of the lateral hump pair, behind the lateral eye spots. Median eyes developed within a tubercle, situated in a small depression. Curved carina present ventral to lateral eyes ( Fig. 1C View FIGURE 1 ). Anterior margin with 6 strong setae oriented upwards ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ). Many tiny punctuations, more abundant in the frontal area ( Figs 1C View FIGURE 1 , 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Different from male, carapace distal portion above the coxa of legs I is slightly curved upwards and serrated. Carina begins at the corners of the anterior margin extending from the coxa of legs II to the corners of the posterior margin, fovea deep and oval located posterior to the center. Surface covered with hydrophobic crystals secreted from major glands distributed across the tegument ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ). Sternum ( Fig. 1E View FIGURE 1 ). Trisegmented, the two posterior segments less sclerotized than the anterior. Pentasternum rounded and convex, smaller than the other segments, with two apical setae. Tritosternum as in male with similar setae pattern but with a wider round basis and projected anteriorly reaching the base of the chelicerae. Distance between segments as in male. Abdomen ( Figs 1A–B View FIGURE 1 , 8A View FIGURE 8 ) oblong, with visible punctuations, thicker than on the carapace. Anal tubercle ovoid with two setae located at the median field and two pairs laterally. Chelicerae ( Fig. 2C–D View FIGURE 2 ; 4A, C, F View FIGURE 4 ). Cheliceral furrow with 4 internal teeth ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ; 4A View FIGURE 4 ); distal tooth bifid (1a–1b), distal cusp bigger than the proximal ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 – 1a View FIGURE 1 >1b; Fig. 4A, C View FIGURE 4 ). Teeth length: IV>Ia>Ib = II>III. Claw with 8 denticles, the basal larger ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 , Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ). Basal segment of chelicera with seven lined up setae close to base of article. Pedipalp. Trochanter ( Fig. 2A, B View FIGURE 2 ): ventral spiniform apophysis, sizes and spinulation patterns as in males, dorsal series of strong setae as in males. Femur: strong dispersed dorsal setae and two setiferous tubercles on the basal portion. Four dorsal spines (five in male holotype, four in the male paratype) of sizes FI>FII>FIII>FIV. Four ventral spines with one spine proximally, between spine I and border of palp. Patella: five dorsal spines I>II>III>IV>V. Four strong ventral spines of sizes I>II>III>IV. Tibia ( Fig. 2A, B View FIGURE 2 ): densely setose; two dorsal spines; distal spine twice larger than the basal. Ventral spine same size of dorsal basal, located at the distal half. Tarsus: two spines as in males opposite to cleaning organ ( Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 ). Distal spine twice as large as the basal spine. Cleaning organ occupying half the length of the article ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ); ventral row with 24–27 setae. Claw: long with curved sharp tip, pilosity absent ( Fig. 1D View FIGURE 1 ).

Legs ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 , 4D, G, H View FIGURE 4 ). All segments setose. Ventral corner of the prolateral face of femora II–IV projecting in a distinct spiniform process. Femur length I>III>II>IV. Tibia I with 23 articles. Tarsus (basitarsus+tarsus) I with 41 articles. Leg IV: Basitibia: divided into 4 pseudo-articles, with one trichobothrium located proximally on the BT4. Distitibia ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ): 3 basal and 15 distal trichobothria (total of 18); trichobothrium patterns as described for male ( Vasconcelos & Ferreira, 2016: fig. 23:285). Tarsus composed of 4 segments. Basitibia-distitibia length DT=BT1>BT4>BT3>BT2.

Measurements ( Table 1)

Female: Cephalothorax length 3.75, width 4.83. Abdomen length 6.67. Pedipalp length femur 2.65, patella 2.8, tibia 1.24, tarsus 0.98, tarsal claw 0.85.

Variation.

Female: N = 8; (range, median±s.d.) Cephalothorax length 3.00–4.75, 3.91±0.51; Cephalothorax width 3.88– 6.37, 5.17±0.75; Abdomen length: 4.88–7.25, 6.30±0.74. Pedipalp female: N = 8 (range, median±s.d.) femur 1.86– 3.87mm, 2.70±0.59, patella 2.13–4.68, 3.33±0.75, tibia 0.81–1.44 1.20±0.22, tarsus 0.69–1.44 0.99±0.24, tarsal claw 0.52–0.89, 0.75±0.15.

Male N = 7; (range, median±s.d.) cephalothorax length 2.44–4.67, 3.37±1.00; cephalothorax width 3.33–6.18, 4.79±1.07; abdomen: 3.44–7.00, 5.19±1.36). Pedipalp male N = 7 (range, median±s.d.) femur 1.40–3.25mm, 2.37±0.79, patella 1.85–3.78, 2.90±0.83, tibia 0.84–1.56 1.22±0.29, tarsus 0.67–1.31, 0.93±0.24, tarsal claw 0.56– 1.05 0.72±0.16.

Color pattern (in alcohol). Chelicerae, pedipalps and carapace yellowish-brown as in males. No significant difference among both sexes. Legs uniformly light yellowish-brown. Abdomen pale yellow. Color of live animals is cool earthy gray ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 ).

Genitalia. Female. ( Fig. 5 View FIGURE 5 ) Rounded genital operculum with strong setae on the border; gonopods sucker like, cylindrical shape, longer than wide ( Fig. 5A, C View FIGURE 5 ). Opening protruded, distal portion radially expanded ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ). Both gonopods separated by half the width of its bases. The general pattern of gonopods is similar to that of other eastern South America species of Charinus .

Distribution. Southwest of Bahia (Caatinga Dominion), Brazil. New record of females is circa 30km from the type locality.