Guatteria blepharophylla Mart.

1. Guatteria blepharophylla Mart. View in CoL — Fig. 1a View Fig , 2 View Fig , 3a View Fig ; Plate 1a, b; Map 1

Guatteria blepharophylla Mart. (1841) View in CoL 38. — Guatteriopsis blepharophylla (Mart.) R.E.Fr.(1934) View in CoL 110, t. 6; Maas et al. (2007) 644. — Type: Von Martius s.n. (lecto M, selected by Erkens & Maas (2008)), Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, Coarí, Nov. 1819.

Annona sessiliflora Benth. (1853) View in CoL 8. — Guatteria sessiliflora (Benth.) Saff. (1914) View in CoL 6. — Guatteriopsis sessiliflora (Benth.) R.E.Fr. (1934) View in CoL 109.— Type: Spruce 1668 (holo K; iso B, BM, FI, LE, M, NY, W), Brazil, Amazonas, Rio Negro, towards confluence with Rio Solimões, May 1851.

Guatteria ucayaliana Diels (1924) View in CoL 138,syn.nov.— Guatteria dielsiana R.E.Fr. (1938) View in CoL 719. — Type: Tessmann 3212 (holo B; iso S), Peru, Loreto, Yarina Cocha, Middle Río Ucayali, 155 m, 24 Sept. 1923.

Guatteria brevicuspis R.E.Fr. (1939) View in CoL 491, f. 28e, f, syn.nov.— Type: Krukoff 5589 (holo S; iso F, K, S, U), Brazil, Acre, Rio Purus, near mouth of Rio Macauhan (tributary of Rio Yaco ), 21 Aug. 1933.

Guatteria cylindrocarpa R.E.Fr.(1957b) 601,t. 2, syn. nov.— Type: Schultes & López 8949 (holo US), Brazil, Amazonas , Rio Negro, Tapurucuara, 11 Sept. 1947.

117 Shrub or tree 2 –13 m tall, up to 10 cm diam; young twigs densely covered with appressed hairs, soon glabrous. Leaves: petiole 8 –13 mm long, 2 –3 mm diam; lamina narrowly obovate-oblong to narrowly ovate-oblong, rarely elliptic, 15– 30 by 3.5– 8.5 cm (leaf index 3.5 –5.5), chartaceous, densely to rather densely verruculose, dull greenish brown to brown above, pale brown to brown below, glabrous above, densely to sparsely covered with appressed hairs up to c. 1 mm long below, base long-attenuate to attenuate, sometimes acute or obtuse, apex acuminate (acumen 10– 30 mm long), primary vein impressed to flat above, secondary veins distinct, 16– 22 on either side of primary vein, flat or slightly impressed above, smallest distance between loops and margin 2 – 3 mm. Flowers in 1– 2-flowered inflorescences in axils of leaves; pedicels 4–10(–20) mm long, 1–3 mm diam, fruiting pedicels as the flowering pedicels or rarely up to 40 mm long, densely covered with appressed hairs, articulated at 0.2 – 0.5 from the base, bracts c. 5, soon falling; flower buds ovoid to broadly ovoid; sepals free or almost so, broadly ovate to broadly ovate-triangular, 4– 9 by 3 –7 mm, appressed, outer side densely covered with appressed hairs; petals greenish yellow, yellow, yellow-orange or cream in vivo, rhombic-ovate or elliptic, 8 – 20 by 5–10 mm, outer side densely covered with appressed, silvery hairs; stamens 1.5– 2 mm long, connective shield papillate to glabrous. Monocarps 10– 25, green, maturing red to black in vivo, brown to dark brown in sicco, narrowly ellipsoid, 17– 25 by 7–9 mm, sparsely covered with appressed hairs, apex acute to apiculate (apiculum c. 0.5 mm long), wall 0.2 – 0.5 mm thick, stipes 5 –13 by 1.5 –2 mm. Seed narrowly ellipsoid, 18– 22 by 6 – 9 mm, brown, rugose to rugose-pitted, with or without longitudinal furrows.

Distribution — Venezuela ( Amazonas, Bolívar), Guyana, French Guiana, Ecuador ( Sucumbios), Peru ( Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Martín, Ucayali), Bolivia ( Beni) and Brazil ( Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima).

Habitat & Ecology — In non-inundated or inundated (restinga, tahuampa) forest, on clayey, rarely on sandy soil. At elevations of 0 – 800 m. Flowering and fruiting: throughout the year.

Vernacular names — Brazil: Envira preta ( H.C. Lima 2718), Envireira ( Rodrigues 534), Pindaíba preta ( Marimon 51). Peru: Anonilla ( Freitas 7), Hicoja negra ( Schunke V. 4294, 8674), Huasca anonilla ( Vásquez 12285), Huasca hicoja ( Schunke V. 7844), Icoja ( Rimachi Y. 4175). Venezuela: Kunguate (Yekuana) ( Aymard & Fernández 7324), Kunwatö (Yekuana) ( Ang. Fernández 5266).

Notes — Guatteria blepharophylla is recognizable by shortly pedicellate flowers (pedicels generally up to 10 mm long) and by petals which are densely covered with appressed, silvery hairs.

Characteristically, G. blepharophylla has long-attenuate, densely to rather densely verruculose leaves. It occurs in Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia and Roraima) and Venezuela (Amazonas and Bolívar). In Ecuador and Peru the leaves tend to have a shortly attenuate, acute, or even obtuse base. Specimens from Jenaro Herrera, Loreto, Peru are very variable in leaf shape, particularly the leaf base which shows the whole variation range between long-attenuate and obtuse .

Map 1 Distribution of Guatteria blepharophylla Mart. ( $), G. dura R.E.Fr. (o), G. hispida (R.E.Fr.) Erkens & Maas ( 5), G. insculpta R.E.Fr. (¢), and G. sp. B ( ≥).