Acanthosoma sichuanense ( Liu, 1980 ), 2015

Acanthosoma sichuanense ( Liu, 1980) View in CoL , new combination

Figs 107–108 View FIGURES 105–108 , 114–118 View FIGURES 109–118

Anaxandra sichuanensis Liu, 1980: 234 . Holotype: ♂, China: Sichuan, Emeishan [= Mt. Emei]; TMNH? (not found). Fixed as correct original spelling acting as First Reviser (cf. Article 24.2.3. of ICZN 1999).

Anaxandra sichanensis View in CoL : Liu (1980: 236). Incorrect original spelling.

Anaxandra sichuanensis : Liu 1992: 131 (records, distribution), Xiong & Liu 1993: 201 (records, distribution), Hua 2000: 166 (listed, distribution), Göllner-Scheiding 2006: 170 (catalogue, distribution), Han & Liu 2010: 158 (records, distribution).

Specimens examined. CHINA. Sichuan: Luding, Dewei , 1230 m, 21.vi.1983, leg. S.Y. Wang (1 ♀ IZAS) , Luding, Moxi , 1500 m, 19.vi.1983, leg. X.Z. Zhang (2 ♀♀ IZAS) , same locality, 1650 m, 20.vi.1983, leg. Y.Q. Chen (1 ♀ IZAS) , same locality, altitude and date, leg. S.Y. Wang (2 ♀♀ IZAS) , “Sz.” [= Sichuan], Suifu , 7000 ft., viii.1928, coll. D.C. Graham (1 ♂ USNM) ; Chongqing: Mt. Jinfo , 13.viii.1945, unknown collector (1 ♀ IZAS) ; Yunnan: Dali, Cangshan , 2200 m, 18.viii.2006, leg. P.Z. Dong (1 ♂ NKUM) , Gongshan , 15.v.1983, unknown collector (1 ♀ NKUM) , Baoshan, Longyang Distr., Lujiang Township , Nankang [Station area of] Gaoligong Natural Reserve , 2200 m, 10.v.2009, leg. B. Cai (1 ♂ NKUM) , Baoshan, Xiaoheishan Natural Reserve, Mt. Gucheng , Guanli Station , 2000–2100 m, 11.v.2009, leg. B. Cai & M. Li (1 ♀ NKUM) , Jinghong , 11.iv.1984, leg. [H.G.] Zou (1 ♂, NKUM) , Yunlong , 2400 m, 24.vi.1996, leg. W.J. Bu (1 ♀ NKUM) , Yunlong , 5.vi.1998, 2400 m, leg. W.J. Bu (1 ♀ NKUM) , “Yunnan-Fou” [= Kunming ]: “San-nen-Kai” (1 ♂ 3 ♀♀ RMNH) ; Guizhou: Mt. Fanjing, Huguosi , 1300 m, 1.viii.2001, leg. W.B. Zhu (1 ♀ NKUM) , same locality and collector, 1400 m, 3.viii.2001 (2 ♂♂ NKUM) , same locality, 1400 m, 3.viii.2001, leg. R.L. Zhang (1 ♀ NKUM) , Daozhen, Dashahe Nature Reserve , 17–26.viii.2004, leg. F.M Shi (2 ♂♂ NKUM) , same locality, 1300–1500 m, 22.v.2004, leg. W.B. Zhu (1 ♀ NKUM) , same locality and collector, 1370 m, 24.v.2004 (1 ♀ NKUM) , same locality and collector, 1300 m, 25.v.2004 (1 ♀ NKUM) , “Kweichow” [= Guizhou], “Shih Men Kan” [= Heituhe ], 11.vii.[19]34, coll. D.C. Graham (1 ♀ USNM) ; “Kiautschau” [= Guizhou ], unknown locality, date and collector (1 ♂ 1 ♀ HNHM) ; Hubei: Xingshan, Longmen River , 1400 m, 8.v.1994, leg. X.K. Yang (1 ♀ IZAS) , Xianning, Tongshan County, Mt. Jiugong , Tonggubao , 1580 m, 27.vii.2010, leg. W.J. Bu (1 ♀ NKUM) ; Hunan: Shimen, Hupingshan , 30.iv.2000, leg. H.Y. Nie (1 ♂ NKUM) ; Zhejiang: Wuyanling [National Nature Reserve], 28.vii.2007, leg. W.B. Zhu (1 ♂ NKUM) , Mt. Fengyang , 26.vii.2007, leg. G.P. Zhu (1 ♂ 1 ♀ NKUM) , same locality, 27.vii.2007, leg. W.B. Zhu (1 ♂ NKUM) , same locality, 29.vii.2007, leg. W.B. Zhu (1 ♂ NKUM) , same locality and date, leg. G.P. Zhu (2 ♀♀ NKUM) , same locality, 30.vii.2007, leg. G.P. Zhu & Z.H. Fan (2 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀ NKUM) , same locality and date, leg. W.B. Zhu (5 ♂♂ 5 ♀♀ NKUM) ; Fujian: N.W. Fokien [= Fujian], Kualun [Mts.], unknown collector, B.M. 99-252 (1 ♀ BMNH) .

Diagnosis. Similar to A. rufescens , but it can be distinguished by the following characters: antennal segment IIa distinctly longer than IIb; humeral processes yellowish to orange, anterior margin of base of the process usually darkened, posterior half of pronotum concolorous with scutellum. The most easily noticeable diagnostic character is the short posterior projections of the genital capsule ( Figs 107–108 View FIGURES 105–108 ); the paramere has short, robust apical branches ( Figs 116–117 View FIGURES 109–118 ).

Description of male and female terminalia. Male. Genital capsule ( Figs 114–115 View FIGURES 109–118 ) with a pair of lateral projections much shorter than those of A. rufescens , directed posteriad, not reaching tip of membrane in rest, with a tuft of setae apically; dorsal rim without weak sinuation around middle; ventral rim broadly incised, with a pair of setal patches submedially, its infolding with two pairs of setal tufts laterad of paramere sockets and another pair subapically. Paramere ( Figs 116–117 View FIGURES 109–118 ) with a biramous apex, both branches stout, obtuse, stem with a tubercle laterally.

Female ( Fig. 118 View FIGURES 109–118 ). Posterior margin of ventrite VII with a deep, U-shaped incision margined with black; posterior margin of laterotergites VIII rather broadly rounded.

Notes. The type material of Anaxandra sichuanensis was not found in TMNH (S.L. Hao, pers. comm.), NKUM and IZAS; however, the species can readily be recognized by the original description and accompanying illustrations ( Liu 1980). The species is transferred into Acanthosoma as a result of the proposed synonymy between Acanthosoma and Anaxandra . Acanthosoma sichuanense is highly similar to A. rufescens ; for facilitating its recognition the external genitalia of the male ( Figs 114–117 View FIGURES 109–118 ) and female ( Figs 118 View FIGURES 109–118 ) are illustrated.

Distribution. The species is widely distributed all over the Oriental parts of China south of the Yangtze River. Although so far it is only known to occur in China, it likely occurs in neighbouring parts of India, Burma, Laos and Vietnam too. At least part of the records of A. rufescens by Chinese authors probably pertains to this species (see above under A. rufescens ). Han & Liu (2010) listed it from several provinces of China and a number of countries from India to Australia, but these data are obviously erroneous and therefore they are not repeated here.— CHINA. Sichuan!; Chongqing!; Yunnan!; Guizhou!; Hubei!; Hunan!; Zhejiang!; Fujian!