Henryvianaida, Guidoti & Montemayor & Campos & Guilbert, 2020

Clade Henryvianaida + Anommatocoris

The clade composed by the Henryvianaida + Anommatocoris is supported by two synapomorphies and one homoplastic synapomorphy (pronotum finely punctate, 13-0 – Fig. 8A View Figure 8 , and anterior region of hemelytra slightly constricted, 26-1 – Fig. 11B View Figure 11 ; collar not projected towards the head, 10-0, respectively). The new genus Henryvianaida is supported as monophyletic by two synapomorphies: mandibular plates laterally compressed (2-1 – Fig. 9B View Figure 9 ) and a straight margin on the posterior region of bucculae (6-1 – Fig. 7B View Figure 7 ). Anommatocoris is recovered with the most synapomorphies, seven in total: a flat posterior region of pronotum (11-1 – Fig. 10B View Figure 10 ), anterior branch of the scent gland peritreme almost perpendicular to sagittal body plane (22-0), the presence of a constriction on the anterior region of hemelytra (26-1 – Fig. 11B View Figure 11 ), hypocosta narrow (27-0 – Fig. 12A View Figure 12 ) and smooth (28-1 – Fig. 13B View Figure 13 ), costal area thickened and narrow (30-1 – Fig. 14B View Figure 14 ) and subcostal area subvertical (31-1 – Fig. 15B View Figure 15 ). Additionally, one homoplastic synapomorphy also supports the monophyly of this genus: frons at same height as clypeus (8-0). Anommatocoris bolivianus is found to be sister to the rest of the genus, which then has two different clades: [ A. schuhi + [ A. zeteki + A. coibensis ] supported by one homoplastic synapomorphy (posterior branch of scent gland peritreme shorter than the upper part of anterior branch, 23-1) whereas the internal [ A. zeteki + A. coibensis ] clade is supported by a different homoplastic synapomorphy (posterior region of paranota comprising a small acute humeral angle, 19-1) and A. sucreanus + the polytomy [ A. coleopteratus , A. minutissimus , A. serratus , A. knudsoni , A. araguanus ], supported by one synapomorphy (paranota borders bearing small scales, 17-1 – Fig. 5B View Figure 5 ).

TAXONOMY

VIANAIDINAE KORMILEV

Diagnosis: The subfamily is mainly characterized by its unique scent gland peritreme ( Figs 16 View Figure 16 , 17 View Figure 17 ) composed by an anterior and a posterior branch, the latter transversally connected to the first, forming a sulcus and varying in inclination, curvature and swelling, giving a T- or Y-shaped aspect. The pronounced clypeus, punctate pronotum and hemelytra and visible scutellum are also diagnostic characters for the subfamily. It presents both coleopteroid and macropterous forms, which hampers the comparison of hemelytral characters. However, in coleopteroid forms, a carina-like vein extending from its anterior border is always present, and in macropterous forms, a well-defined clavus and vein-less membrane can also be indicated as a diagnostic feature.

Redescription: Head: Pubescent, clypeus convex, strongly delimited from vertex, extending beyond mandibular plates; antenniferous process facing downwards; antennae four-segmented; bucculae strongly developed, extending the entire length of the head ventrally, open anteriorly, divergent posteriorly, punctate; rostrum four-segmented always reaching abdominal segments. Thorax: Pronotum punctate; pronotal carinae absent; scutellum visible, smooth; sternal laminae present, punctate, sinuous, widening posteriorly. Hemelytra: Coleopteroid or macropterous; in coleopteroid forms, clavus and membrane absent, carina-like vein extending variably from the anterior border; in macropterous forms, clavus and veinless membrane well-developed in addition to discoidal, subcostal and costal areas, punctate in coriaceous parts. Scent gland: Peritreme distinct, composed by an anterior and a posterior branch, the latter transversally connected to the first, these bearing a sulcus and varying in shape, curvature, inclination and swollenness; evaporatorium covering the entire metapleuron and hind mesopleuron, also advancing ventrally; scent gland ostiole conspicuously big. Legs: Long, slender, pubescent and unarmed; coxae widely separated; trochanter not fused; femora usually swollen to some degree; tarsi two segmented, second segment many times longer, claws long and slender. Abdomen: In coleopteroid forms, completely enclosed in the hemelytra and roundly ovate; in macropterous forms, long, rectangular; spiracles located ventrally near lateral margins of abdominal sternites; usually pubescent.

Type genus: Vianaida Kormilev , a junior synonym of Anommatocoris China.

Distribution: Central and South America ( Fig. 18 View Figure 18 ).