Aname, L. KOCH, 1873

GENUS ANAME L. KOCH, 1873 View in CoL

FIG. 16 View Figure 16

Aname L. Koch, 1873: 465 View in CoL . Type species: Aname pallida Koch, 1873 View in CoL , by monotypy.

Dekana Hogg, 1902: 138 . Type species: Dekana diversicolor Hogg, 1902 , original designation.

Sungenia Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918: 162 . Type species: Chenistonia (Dekana) atra Strand, 1913 , by monotypy.

Dolichosternum Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918: 168 . Type species: Dolichosternum attenuatum Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 , by monotypy.

Diagnosis: Species of Aname differ from all other Australasian anamine genera by the presence of a ventral asetose depression on the male pedipalpal tibia ( Fig. 16D View Figure 16 ). It further differs from some of these genera as follows: from Kwonkan and Swolnpes by the absence of a field of spinules on the retrolateral face of the male pedipalpal tibia ( Fig. 16C View Figure 16 ) and the lack of an accessory receptaculum on the spermathecae ( Fig. 16G View Figure 16 ); from Swolnpes by the digitiform tarsus I in males ( Fig. 16F View Figure 16 ); and from members of the Teyl group by the embolus arising from the distal end of the bulb ( Fig. 16C View Figure 16 ) or by the metatarsus I of males being straight and without a rounded process ( Fig. 16F View Figure 16 ).

Description: Small to large nemesiid spiders. Coloration: ranging from pale to dark brown.

Cephalothorax: Carapace ( Fig. 16A View Figure 16 ) strongly to sparsely hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; PME slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea straight to procurved. Maxilla ( Fig. 16E View Figure 16 ) with strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules distributed over medial half and heel of each maxilla, not restricted to narrow band; maxillary serrula absent. Labium ( Fig. 16E View Figure 16 ) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, without cuspules. Coxal cuspules absent ( Fig. 16B View Figure 16 ). Sternum ( Fig. 16B View Figure 16 ) with three pairs of sigilla; posterior pairs oval to elongate, marginal to subcentral.

Chelicera: Rastellum weak to absent; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence absent.

Pedipalp ( Fig. 16C, D View Figure 16 ): Male tibia uniformly setose, without patch of spinules on retrolateral face (but larger spines sometimes present), and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) short and terminally blunt, without medial constriction (in lateral view); with simple pyriform bulb and tapering embolus; embolus not reflexed.

Legs: Male tibia I ( Fig. 16F View Figure 16 ) with large ventral spur bearing one, or occasionally two, megaspines; metatarsus I strongly incrassate; scopula usually present on entire ventral tarsi of legs I and II, and lighter scopula on tarsi III and IV, and metatarsi I and II; tarsi without spines; tarsus I not inflated; usually three claws on all legs, sometimes two on legs I, II, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth, absent on leg I of some species.

Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 16G View Figure 16 ): One pair of spermathecae of variable shape.

Distribution: Species of Aname occur throughout most of Australia, including Tasmania, in a wide array of both arid and mesic habitats. Along with Kwonkan and Teyl , they are a major component of the mygalomorph fauna of the central inland arid zone.

Remarks: The molecular analyses recovered a monophyletic assemblage of Aname species, sister to Hesperonatalius ( Fig. 3 View Figure 3 ). Aname has three junior synonyms: Dekana Hogg, 1902 , Dolichosternum Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 and Sungenia Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 . All three taxa were synonymized by Raven (1981), along with Chenistonia , although the latter has since been treated as a valid genus (e.g. Main, 1982a, 1985b, 2012; Raven, 2000; this study). Although we were unable to include specimens of the type species of these synonymous genera in our analysis, we are confident that their synonymy with Aname is warranted based on the morphological criteria discussed by Raven (1981). As noted elsewhere, our data firmly demonstrate that Chenistonia is quite distinct from Aname and is confirmed as a valid genus (see above).

The genus Aname occurs widely across mainland Australia andTasmania, and includes 30 named species, as well as numerous unnamed species (e.g. Castalanelli et al., 2014; this study). Along with Idiosoma , it may be among the most diverse of the Australian mygalomorph genera (Huey, Rix & Harvey, unpublished data). Included species: Aname aragog Harvey, Framenau, Wojcieszkek, Rix & Harvey, 2012 ; A. armigera Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 ; A. atra (Strand, 1913) ; A. aurea Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 ; A. barrema Raven, 1985 ; A. blackdownensis Raven, 1985 ; A. camara Raven, 1985 ; A. carina Raven, 1985 ; A. coenosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 ; A. collinsorum Raven, 1985 ; A. comosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 ; A. distincta (Rainbow, 1914) (= Dolichosternum attenuatum Rainbow and Pulleine ; 1918, A. villosa Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 ); A. diversicolor ( Hogg, 1902) ; A. ellenae Harvey, Framenau, Wojcieszkek, Rix & Harvey, 2012 ; A. fuscocincta Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 ; A. grandis Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 (= A. robusta Rainbow and Pulleine ; 1918); A. hirsuta Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 ; A. humptydoo Raven, 1985 ; A. inimica Raven, 1985 ; A. kirrama Raven, 1984 ; A. longitheca Raven, 1985 ; A. maculata Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918 ; A. mainae Raven, 2000 ; A. marae Harvey, Framenau, Wojcieszkek, Rix & Harvey, 2012 ; A. mellosa Harvey, Framenau, Wojcieszkek, Rix & Harvey, 2012 ; A. pallida L. Koch, 1873 (= Chenistonia giraulti Rainbow, 1914 ); A. platypus (L. Koch, 1875) ; A. robertsorum Raven, 1985 ; A. tasmanica Hogg, 1902 ; A. tigrina Raven, 1985 ; A. villosa ( Rainbow & Pulleine, 1918) ; and A. warialda Raven, 1985 .

GENUS HESPERONATALIUS CASTALANELLI, HUEY, HILLYER & HARVEY, 2017 View in CoL

FIG. 17 View Figure 17

Hesperonatalius Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer & Harvey, 2017: 496 View in CoL . Type species: Hesperonatalius maxwelli Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer & Harvey, 2017 View in CoL , by original designation.

Diagnosis: Species of Hesperonatalius differ from all other Australasian anamine genera as follows: from Kwonkan and Swolnpes by the lack of spinules on the retrolateral face of the male pedipalpal tibia ( Fig. 17C View Figure 17 ) (and presumably the lack of an accessory receptaculum on the spermathecae, but females are currently unknown); from Swolnpes by the digitiform tarsus I in males ( Fig. 17F View Figure 17 ); from most species of the Teyl group by the embolus arising from the distal end of the bulb ( Fig. 17C, D View Figure 17 ), or the male first leg being straight and without a rounded knob ( Fig. 17F View Figure 17 ); from Chenistonia , Proshermacha and Aname by the lack of a megaspur and enlarged spine on the tibia I of males ( Fig. 17F View Figure 17 ); and from Aname by the lack of a ventral asetose depression on the male pedipalpal tibia ( Fig. 17D View Figure 17 ).

Description: Small nemesiid spiders. Coloration: pale to yellow-brown.

Cephalothorax: Carapace ( Fig. 17A View Figure 17 ) sparsely hirsute, with eight eyes in two rows; PME slightly smaller than other eyes; fovea straight. Maxilla ( Fig. 17E View Figure 17 ) with strongly produced basal heel; with numerous cuspules distributed over medial half and heel of each maxilla, not restricted to narrow band; maxillary serrula absent. Labium ( Fig. 17E View Figure 17 ) wider than long, slightly indented anteriorly, without cuspules. Coxal cuspules absent ( Fig. 17B View Figure 17 ). Sternum ( Fig. 17B View Figure 17 ) either without sigilla or with one elongate posterior pair, marginal.

Chelicera: Rastellum absent; cheliceral furrow with several prominent promarginal teeth and several small granules basomesally; intercheliceral tumescence absent.

Pedipalp ( Fig. 17C, D View Figure 17 ): Male tibia uniformly setose, without patch of spinules on retrolateral face, and without asetose ventral depression; tarsus (cymbium) short and terminally blunt, without medial constriction (in lateral view); with simple pyriform bulb and tapering embolus; embolus not reflexed.

Legs: Male tibia I ( Fig. 17F View Figure 17 ) with low ventral spur bearing one megaspine; metatarsus I weakly incrassate; very sparse scopula present on metatarsus and tarsi of legs; tarsi without spines; tarsus I not inflated; three claws, lateral claws each with two short rows of teeth; medial claw small and without ventral teeth.

Abdomen: Longer than wide. Two pairs of spinnerets; posterior median spinnerets unsegmented and separated by about diameter of spinneret; posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, apical segment elongate, digitiform.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 17G View Figure 17 ): Unknown.

Distribution: Species of Hesperonatalius are known only from the arid western margin of Western Australia, with a range that extends from Lake MacLeod to Geraldton.

Remarks: We recovered Hesperonatalius as the sister genus to Aname in our molecular phylogeny ( Fig. 3 View Figure 3 ), from which it primarily differs by the lack of a ventral asetose depression on the male pedipalpal tibia ( Castalanelli et al., 2017) ( Fig. 17D View Figure 17 ). The genus currently contains three named species, but none are represented by females and the morphology of the spermathecae is unknown.

I n c l u d e d s p e c i e s: H e s p e r o n a t a l i u s h a r r i e t a e C a s t a l a n e l l i, H u e y, H i l l y e r & H a r v e y, 2 0 1 7; H. langlandsi Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer & Harvey, 2017 ; and H. maxwelli Castalanelli, Huey, Hillyer & Harvey, 2017 .