Anotia posa, Haas & Bahder & Bartlett, 2025

Anotia posa sp. nov.

( Figs 2–7 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 )

Material examined. Types. Holotype: “ Dutch Caribbean , Bonaire / Washington Slagbaai NP / Put Bronswinkel / 12.280, -68.398, 28.XI–5.XII.2022 / Malaisetrap / Leg. J. van der Beek & J. Devalez // Holotype / Anotia posa sp. nov. ♂.” In coll. RMNH. GoogleMaps

Paratypes: “ Dutch Caribbean , Bonaire / Washington Slagbaai NP / Put Bronswinkel / 12.280, -68.398, 21– 28.XI.2022 / Malaisetrap / Leg. R. Kleukers et al. // Paratype / Anotia posa sp. nov. ” 2♂ in coll. RMNH GoogleMaps ; “ Dutch Caribbean , Bonaire / Washington Slagbaai NP / Put Bronswinkel / 12.280, -68.398, 28.XI–5.XII.2022 / Malaisetrap / Leg. J. van der Beek & J. Devalez // Paratype / Anotia posa sp. nov. ” 1♂ in coll. RMNH GoogleMaps ; “ Dutch Caribbean , Bonaire / Washington Slagbaai NP / Put Bronswinkel / 12.280, -68.398, 5–12.XII.2022 / Malaisetrap / Leg. J. van der Beek & J. Devalez // Paratype / Anotia posa sp. nov. ” 2♂ in coll. FLREC GoogleMaps ; “ Dutch Caribbean , Bonaire / Washington Slagbaai NP / Pos Mangel / 12.295, -68.392, 7–13.I.2023 / Malaisetrap / Leg. J.-J. Mekkes & M. Boeken // Paratype / Anotia posa sp. nov. ” 2♂ in coll. RMNH GoogleMaps .

Additional material: “ CURAÇAO N.A. [ Netherlands Antilles ] / lampvangst [on light] / 1957 / leg. R. H. Cobben // RMNH Leiden / ex collectie / WAU, 2010 // Anotia posa ♀ ” . In coll. RMNH .

Diagnosis. Medium-sized, light-coloured species with three red stripes on lateral side of head. Forewings with extensive brown and red coloration, leaving two larger areas translucent. Pygofer in lateral view with a dorsocaudal rounded lobe and ventral view with a rounded, medioventral process. Gonostyli in lateral view (just past midlength) bearing a short, laterally hooked tooth and larger obliquely oriented, rounded lobe.Aedeagus simple, shaft upcurved, endosoma simple, bilobed and sinistrally arched. Anal tube in dorsal view with two short apical protrusions, in lateral view with ventral margin nearly straight, dorsal margin elevated.

Description. Measurements (n=6) ♂ length body + wings: 4.85–5.45 (average 5.17) mm; length body: 2.75– 3.30 (average 3.08) mm; length forewing: 4.20–4.55 (average 4.36) mm.

Colouration. Base colour of body pale to brownish yellow ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Head white, in lateral view ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ) with three slender red stripes from compound eye to margin of head; one from anterodorsal part of eye to anterodorsal margin of head and two stripes from anteroventral part of eye to anteroventral margin of head. Last segment of rostrum black contrasting with white proximal segments. Antennae with scape and pedicle brown (along with adjacent genae ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ), pedicle medially suffused with reddish tinge (especially near sensory plaques); dorsal margin of frontoclypeal suture brown-shaded; clypeus white, washed with brown along ventral margin. Pronotum whitish ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ), medially white, laterally with two reddish horizontal stripes, in lateral view with a small red spot behind compound eye. Mesonotum brownish yellow, medially lighter (in living specimens probably concolourous), carinae slightly lighter, apex nearly white. Legs yellowish white, forefemora with irregularly distributed red spots. Forewings translucent, with extensive brown patterning, and red colouration along veins in stigma and apical regions, ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ); veins washed with red, especially along ScP, RP and MP, otherwise white. Hindwings with apex broadly brown. Abdominal tergites pinkish with red spots, sternites light brown.

Structure. Head (incl. eyes) 0.68 times the width of the pronotum. Vertex in dorsal view ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ) narrowly triangular, 2 times as long as basal width, projecting in front of eye for about half of its length, medially deeply depressed (median carina absent), lateral margins postulate; anterior margin of vertex with small, rounded, concavity, posterior margin broadly rounded concave; in lateral view ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ), head distinctly projected upward (bluntly conical in shape) above and in front of compound eye, with greatest length anterodorsad from eye, anterior margin of head convex, more strongly rounded ventrad forming an inflection at frontoclypeal suture (forming an angular inflection between plane of frons and clypeus); in frontal view ( Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ) vertex distinctly raised above eyes. Frons strongly compressed, lateral margins in contact for entire length. Antennae with scape short and ringlike, pedicle in full-view broad, flattened and elongate, dorsal margin straight, ventral margin slightly rounded, apex dorsally emarginated; flagellum setaceous with bulbous base. Eye in lateral view round with small ventral emargination at antennae, ocelli absent. Rostrum barely attaining hind-coxae, with apical segment short.

Pronotum in dorsal view ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ) narrow and inversely V-shaped, slightly wider laterally, median carina present, lateral carinae serpentine, directed obliquely on disc; in lateral view ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ) with carina between eye and tegulae (forming lateral margin of pronotum from dorsal view); paradiscal region reaching antennae. Mesonotum 1.04× longer than broad ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ), much exceeding (about 1.8x) combined length of vertex and pronotum at midline, weakly tricarinate, median carina reaching apex, lateral carinae parallel, fading before reaching caudal margin; in lateral view ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ), mesonotum convexly raised with a subapical depression at proximal margin of scutellum. Spinulation of hind leg: 5-5-4 (hind tibiae lacking lateral spines).

Forewing spatulate ( Fig. 4 View FIGURE 4 ) with low elongate humeral lobe bearing marginal pustules, remaining costal margin straight, apex broadly rounded and hind margin widely triangular, wing broadest at level of cell C4’; composite vein Pcu_A1 reaching CuP before margin (i.e., clavus open); v MP basally fused with ScP+R forming elongate composite stem from basal cell; CuA anastomosing to form relatively large closed C5 cell (i.e., procubital cell of Emeljanov 1996). Branching pattern: RA 1-branched, RP 3-branched, MP 8-branched, CuA 2-branched.

Male terminalia. Pygofer in lateral view narrow ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ), irregular in shape, narrow medially and at dorsal margin, widest ventrally; anterior margin concave, dorsocaudal margin bearing prominent rounded lobe; in ventral view ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ) medioventral lobe rounded, just wider (at base) than tall. Gonostyli in lateral view ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ) elongated and relatively slender, weakly upcurved, with ventral margin convex (slightly sinuate), dorsal margin bearing several projections, a small basal denticle, a laterally hooked projection near midlength near a more distal largobliquely oriented lobe, apex narrowing to a dorsally directed point; in ventral view ( Fig. 6C View FIGURE 6 ) with lateral margins sinuate, weakly broadening toward blunt broad apex (apical margin slightly concave); inner ventral margin with a rectangulate plate (visible in ventral or dorsal view; Figs 5C, D View FIGURE 5 ), apical inner corner of plate with a short, medially directed, spinose process. Aedeagus ( Figs 7A, B View FIGURE 7 ) simple, shaft upcurved and tubular, lacking processes except bearing a small subapical dentate flange on right lateral margin; endosoma simple, extending subapically (slightly laterad to right side), relatively simple, broadly bilobed distally and sinistrally arched bearing hooked and pointed apex. Anal tube ( Figs 5A, C View FIGURE 5 ) attached dorsally near anterior margin of pygofer (thus covering the dorsal pygofer); in lateral view ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ) broad and raised baso-medially, dorsal margin upsloped to highest point just before centre, then downsloped to apex; ventral margin nearly straight, apex narrow, acuminate, caudally directed; in dorsal view ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ), sub-rectangular, lateral margins slightly converging; apex with lateral corners bearing blunt, short protrusions. Epiproct short, in dorsal view rectangular with apical margin straight, paraproct longer, conical.

Remarks. A single, decapitated, female specimen of the novel taxon from Curaçao is not included in the type-series, due to the poor state of the specimen. The wing pattern completely agrees with specimens from Bonaire and the specimen undoubtedly belongs to this species.

A specimen that fits in external characters with Anotia posa sp. nov. was photographed on the Island of Mustique in the Grenadines by Mark de Silva. It very likely belongs to the same species, indicating that this species is probably much more widely distributed in the Caribbean.

Anotia posa sp. nov. appears superficially most similar to A. sanguinea Fennah View in CoL and A. fitchi trinitatis Fennah View in CoL , both from Trinidad ( Fennah 1952). Fennah (1952) illustrates the forewing and male terminalia of both species. If the forewing pattern is rendered accurately, A. posa sp. nov. differs in details from both species; however, there are some clear differences in male terminalia. In particular A. posa sp. nov. bears a rounded lobe on the dorsocaudal margin of the pygofer, whereas in A. sanguinea View in CoL a similar lobe is triangular and pointed, and in A. fitchi trinitatis View in CoL it is pointed and located closer to the midpoint of the lateral margin. For both A. fitchi trinitatis View in CoL and A. sanguinea View in CoL the anal tube differs in shape from lateral view from A. posa sp. nov. (in A. fitchi trinitatis View in CoL it is more elongated and distally downcurved, in A. sanguinea View in CoL the ventral margin is dentate rather than linear).

Anotia fitchi trinitatis View in CoL is a subspecies of A. fitchi (Van Duzee) View in CoL from the eastern United States (doubtfully reported from Mexico, iNaturalist observation 98861818, and Honduras, 86006338), but based on our review of the male terminalia of specimens from the United States, it is unlikely to be conspecific.

Distribution. Bonaire ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ), Curaçao. Possibly on Mustique ( Grenadines).

Biology. All specimens have been collected with traps and no plant associations are available.All type specimens have been collected in relatively green, moist areas of the Washington Slagbaai National Park on Bonaire .

Etymology. The specific epithet ‘posa’ refers to the Papiamento word ‘pos’, which translates to ‘well’. The type-series of the novel taxon have been collected around two wells (pos), highlighting the importance of the scarce fresh surface water for the fauna on these dry islands. The moister environments of these wells are probably important for the growth of fungi on which the nymphs of Derbidae feed.

Sequence data. For the COI gene, a 569 bp product was generated for the barcoding region (5’ half), for the 18S rRNA gene, a 1,326 bp product was generated, and a 776 bp product was generated for the D9–D10 expansion region of the 28S rRNA gene. GenBank accession numbers are presented in Table 2.

The molecular phylogenies generated for both 18S and 28S demonstrated strong bootstrap support (99 and 100 respectively) for the monophyly of Anotia based on available taxa ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ). For both loci, Anotia posa sp. nov. Resolved within the genus Anotia , adjacent to both A. cerebro and A. firebugia based on 18S and adjacent to A. cerebro based on 28S ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ). All branches based on COI demonstrated weak bootstrap support (<80) ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ). The consensus tree based on concatenated data for all three loci also demonstrated strong bootstrap support (100) for the monophyly of Anotia with A. posa sp. nov. resolving within the clade ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ).