Lucanus zhanbishengi Wang et Zhu, 2024

Lucanus zhanbishengi Wang et Zhu View in CoL , sp. n.

https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 8CE8539B-1361-4563-9B61-F8EE02ACF5A2

Figs 1A–C View Fig , 2A–C View Fig , 3A,B View Fig , 4A–D View Fig , 5A–D View Fig , 6A–I View Fig , 8A,B View Fig , 9A–C View Fig , 10 View Fig

Lucanus zhanbishengi Wang & Zhu, 2017: 55 View in CoL (nomen nudum).

TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype: ♂, China: Hunan: Hongjiang City, Xuefengshan Nature Reserve, Subaoding , 1900 m, 6.VI 2016, Bi-Sheng Zhan leg. ( BITS). Paratypes: 9♂, 4♀, same data as holotype except 3.VII 2017, Bi-Sheng Zhan & Xiang Zhu leg. ( CBSZ) .

DIAGNOSIS. Male. Labrum ligulate; head ( Figs 1A–C View Fig ) with anterior ridge evenly elevated and lateral ridges distinctly protruded; major inner tooth preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 smaller teeth that not continued to mandibular base; protibia with 15–18 small teeth along outer margin; abdominal tergite VIII ( Figs 4A, C View Fig ) with poorly-defined lateral angles; sternite VIII ( Figs 4B, D View Fig ) with large membranous area in median; ventral plate of segment IX ( Figs 5A, C View Fig ) with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion; aedeagus with ventral plate ( Figs 6A, F View Fig ) at apical end of basal piece long, paramere apex ( Figs 6C, H View Fig ) weakly upcurved, penis ( Figs 6A, F View Fig ) short but wide (about 3/5 length of parameres), flagellum ( Figs 6D, G, H View Fig ) more than twice as long as parameres, flagellum apex ( Figs 6E, I View Fig ) weakly enlarged.

Female. Pronotum ( Fig. 3A View Fig ) widest behind middle; elytra ( Fig. 3A View Fig ) clothed with fine pubescence; protibial apex ( Fig. 3A View Fig ) with basal branch much more expanded; abdominal tergite VIII ( Fig. 8A View Fig ) with poorly-defined lateral angles; hemisternite ( Figs 9A, B View Fig ) moderately wide and inner lateral margin of sclerotized part long; spermatheca ( Fig. 9C View Fig ) with proximal part slender and turned dorsally, spermathecal duct ( Fig. 9A View Fig ) about 2.5 times as long as spermatheca, spermathecal gland ( Fig. 9A View Fig ) cystiform.

DESCRIPTION. Male (holotype). Large size, body 51.9 mm long. Length (mm) of different body parts: head (6.9): mandible (21.1): pronotum (6.0): elytra (18.5); width (mm): head (13.5): pronotum (10.8): elytra (12.8).

Habitus ( Figs 1C View Fig ; 2C View Fig ). Color mainly blackish brown on both dorsal and ventral sides; elytra reddish brown; ventral sides of profemora, both dorsal and ventral sides of meso- and metafemora with transverse reddish stripes. Body clothed with fine, recumbent, yellowish pubescence, but markedly longer and denser on metasternum.

Head ( Fig. 1C View Fig ). Form transverse. Anterior ridge clearly defined and evenly elevated. Lateral ridges distinctly protruded, forming rounded lateral corners. Clypeolabrum fused with frons, not defined by transverse suture, about 1.4 times as long as wide; labrum ligulate, lacking dorsal branch, simply rounded at apex. Mandible about 3.0 times as long as head, markedly incurved at basal 1/3, then straight to apex; apical fork with upper branch markedly longer than lower branch; major inner tooth slender and longer than mandibular width, preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 smaller teeth that not continued to mandibular base. Antennal club with four antennomeres; antennomere 7 slender and sharply pointed apically; antennomeres 8–10 lamellate.

Legs ( Fig. 1C View Fig ). Protibia continuously serrated along outer margin, with 15–18 small teeth of different sizes; apex bifurcate with branches somewhat sharp at tips. Except apical spurs and spines, mesotibia with 3 small lateral spines and metatibia with 2 ones.

Male terminalia and genitalia. Abdominal tergite VIII ( Fig. 4C View Fig ) with poorly-defined lateral angles; sternite VIII ( Fig. 4D View Fig ) with large membranous area in median. Ventral plate of segment IX ( Fig. 5C View Fig ) with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion. Aedeagus ( Fig. 6G View Fig ) about 2.4 times as long as wide in dorsal view. Basal piece oblong in dorsal view, nearly 1.7 times as long as parameres, with paired sclerotized dorsal plates; ventral plate ( Fig. 6F View Fig ) at apical end of basal piece long, well sclerotized, widely emarginate at apical margin. Paramere with wide basal process; apex ( Fig. 6H View Fig ) weakly upcurved. Penis ( Fig. 6F View Fig ) short but wide, about 3/5 length of parameres. Flagellum ( Figs 6G, H View Fig ) long, more than twice as long as parameres, apex ( Fig. 6I View Fig ) weakly enlarged.

Male paratypes ( Figs 1A, B View Fig ; 2A, B View Fig ). Body 49–57 mm long.

Variation. Color: Transverse reddish stripes on ventral sides of profemora, both dorsal and ventral sides of meso- and metafemora variable, absent ( Fig. 2B View Fig ), narrowed ( Fig. 2A View Fig ), or broadened ( Fig. 2C View Fig ). In large-sized males, apical fork of mandible more opened, number of inner teeth more, clypeolabrum longer, anterior ridge of head well elevated, lateral ridges of head distinctly protruded; while in small-sized males, apical fork of mandible less opened, number of inner teeth fewer, clypeolabrum shorter, anterior ridge of head weakly elevated, lateral ridges of head weakly protruded.

Female paratype. Body 31.0 mm long. Length (mm) of different body parts: head (3.3): mandible (3.0): pronotum (6.0): elytra (16.7); width (mm): head (7.9): pronotum (10.5): elytra (11.7).

Habitus ( Figs 3A, B View Fig ). Color almost entirely black on both dorsal and ventral sides. Body clothed with fine, recumbent, yellowish pubescence, but markedly longer and denser on metasternum.

Head ( Fig. 3A View Fig ). Canthus with both anterior and posterior angles clearly defined; anterior angle inside of eye; lateral margin weakly concave. Anterior and lateral ridges absent. Clypeolabrum transverse, flat at apex, not protruding medially. Both mandibles with distinct dorsal teeth; inner tooth of right mandible with broad and flat inner ridge; left mandible with 2 widely-separated inner teeth and small gap behind apex, inner margin between teeth long, weakly concave.

Pronotum ( Fig. 3A View Fig ) 1.7 times as wide as long, widest behind middle; anterior angle rounded; lateral angles weakly defined; posterior angle obtuse.

Legs ( Fig. 3A View Fig ). Protibial apex bifurcate, with basal branch much more expanded.

Female terminalia and genitalia. Abdominal tergite VIII ( Fig. 8A View Fig ) with poorly-defined lateral angles; sternite VIII ( Fig. 8B View Fig ) with large membranous area in median. Hemisternite ( Figs 9A–B View Fig ) moderately wide, broadly rounded apically, with outer apex not produced beyond inner apex; inner lateral margin of sclerotized part long. Spermatheca ( Fig. 9A View Fig ) sclerotized, J-shaped; proximal part slender and turned dorsally ( Fig. 9C View Fig ). Spermathecal duct ( Fig. 9A View Fig ) long, about 2.5 times as long as spermatheca. Spermathecal gland ( Fig. 9A View Fig ) cystiform, shorter than spermatheca. Central conjunction of tergite IX protruded medially and narrowed at tip.

FIELD OBSERVATIONS. Mating of L. zhanbishengi sp. n. in Xuefengshan Nature Reserve (Hunan) as shown in Fig. 10 View Fig .

ETYMOLOGY. The specific epithet is dedicated to Mr. Bi-Sheng Zhan (Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China), one of the collectors of this new species and an enthusiastic amateur entomologist. The name is a noun in the genitive case.

DISTRIBUTION. China (Hunnan).

REMARKS. This new species was assigned to the L. brivioi species group (sensu Zhan & Young, 2023). It well resembles L. brivioi Zilioli, 2003 in general appearance, but can be distinguished from the latter by the combination of the following characters ( L. brivioi in round brackets). Male: labrum ligulate (subtriangular), head with lateral ridges distinctly protruded ( Figs 1A–C View Fig ) (moderately protruded ( Fig. 1D View Fig )), major inner tooth preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 (preceded by about 4–5 smaller teeth and followed by about 6–8), protibia with 15– 18 small teeth along outer margin (9–11 small teeth along outer margin), abdominal sternite VIII with large membranous area in median ( Figs 4B, D View Fig ) (without membranous area ( Fig. 4F View Fig )), ventral plate of segment IX with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion ( Figs 5A, C View Fig ) (only with small membranous area in median of apical part ( Fig. 5E View Fig )), penis short but wide, about 3/5 length of parameres ( Figs 6A, F View Fig ) (long and slender, nearly as long as parameres ( Fig. 7A View Fig )), flagellum more than twice as long as parameres ( Figs 6D, G, H View Fig ) (about 1.4 times as long as parameres ( Figs 7A–C View Fig )). Female: elytra clothed with fine pubescence ( Fig. 3A View Fig ) (glabrous ( Fig. 3C View Fig )), protibial apex with basal branch much more expanded ( Fig. 3A View Fig ) (weakly expanded ( Fig. 3C View Fig )), hemisternite moderately wide and inner lateral margin of sclerotized part long ( Figs 9A–B View Fig ) (hemisternite rather wide and inner lateral margin of sclerotized part short ( Figs 9D–E View Fig )), spermatheca with proximal part slender and turned dorsally ( Fig. 9C View Fig ) (almost straight ( Fig. 9F View Fig )), spermathecal duct about 2.5 times as long as spermatheca ( Fig. 9A View Fig ) (almost as long as spermatheca ( Fig. 9D View Fig )), spermathecal gland cystiform ( Fig. 9A View Fig ) (vermiform ( Fig. 9D View Fig )).

This new species is similar to L. kraatzi Nagel, 1926 , but it is easily to distinguish them by the combination of the following characteristics ( L. kraatzi in round brackets). Male: labrum ligulate (subtriangular), head with anterior ridge evenly elevated and lateral ridges distinctly protruded ( Figs 1A–C View Fig ) (anterior ridge much more elevated in median and lateral ridges strongly protruded ( Fig. 1E View Fig )), major inner tooth preceded by 6–7 smaller teeth and followed by 8–11 smaller teeth (preceded by about 4 smaller teeth and followed by about 8 smaller teeth), protibia with 15–18 small teeth along outer margin (2–4 small teeth along outer margin), abdominal tergite VIII with poorly-defined lateral angles ( Figs 4A, C View Fig ) (with well-defined lateral angles ( Fig. 4G View Fig )), sternite VIII with large membranous area in median ( Figs 4B, D View Fig ) (without membranous area ( Fig. 4H View Fig )), ventral plate of segment IX with thin longitudinal membranous stripe along midline of apical expansion ( Figs 5A, C View Fig ) (without membranous area ( Fig. 5G View Fig )), aedeagus with ventral plate at apical end of basal piece long ( Figs 6A, F View Fig ) (short ( Fig. 7E View Fig )), paramere apex weakly upcurved ( Figs 6C, H View Fig ) (strongly upcurved ( Fig. 7G View Fig )), penis short but wide, about 3/5 length of parameres ( Figs 6A, F View Fig ) (long and slender, nearly as long as parameres ( Fig. 7E View Fig )), flagellum more than twice as long as parameres ( Figs 6D, G, H View Fig ) (less than twice as long as parameres ( Figs 7E–G View Fig )), flagellum apex weakly enlarged ( Figs 6E, I View Fig ) (strongly enlarged ( Fig. 7H View Fig )). Female: elytra clothed with fine pubescence ( Fig. 3A View Fig ) (clothed with strong pubescence ( Fig. 3E View Fig )), protibial apex with basal branch much more expanded ( Fig. 3A View Fig ) (moderately expanded ( Fig. 3C View Fig )), abdominal tergite VIII with poorly-defined lateral angles ( Fig. 8A View Fig ) (with well-defined lateral angles ( Fig. 8E View Fig )), spermatheca with proximal part slender and turned dorsally ( Fig. 9C View Fig ) (inflated and straight ( Fig. 9I View Fig )), spermathecal duct about 2.5 times as long as spermatheca ( Fig. 9A View Fig ) (about 0.7 times as long as spermatheca ( Fig. 9G View Fig )).

L. zhanbishengi View in CoL sp. n. is also somewhat similar to L. deuveianus Boucher, 1998 View in CoL and L. hewenjiae Huang & Chen, 2013 View in CoL from Guangxi Province, but it is not difficult to distinguish it from them by the combination of characters in the above section of diagnosis.