Liomera rubra (A. Milne-Edwards, 1865 )

Liomera rubra (A. Milne-Edwards, 1865) View in CoL [Jn: Shirosuji-beni-ougigani]

( Fig. 2E–F View Fig )

Carpilodes ruber A. Milne-Edwards, 1865, p.228 View in CoL , pl. 11 fig. 4. — Odhner, 1925, p. 23, pl. 2 fig. 2. — Edmondson, 1962, p.247, fig. 8c. — Serène & Nguyen, 1961 (1960), pp. 174 (in list), 178 (in key), fig. 2E, pl. 2 fig. B.

Carpilodes coccineus Rathbun, 1906, p.843 View in CoL , pl. 8 fig. 4.

Carpilodes rugupes ( Heller, 1861) : Klunzinger, 1913, p. 137, pl. 5 fig. 4.

Carpilodes albolineatus Serène & Nguyen, 1961 View in CoL (1960), pp. 174 (in list), 178 (in key), 183, pl. 2 fig. A. (Syn. nov.)

Liomera rubra View in CoL : Guinot, 1967, p.266. — Sakai, 1976, pp. 391 (in key) & 395 (in English), p.233 (in Japanese), pl. 140 fig. 2; Poupin et al., 2018, p.56, fig. 15L. — Poupin et al., 2022, p. 282, fig. 9B.

Liomera (Liomera) rubra View in CoL : Sèrene, 1984, pp.53 & 55 (in keys), 65, fig. 26, pl. 6 figs. E–F, pl. 9 fig. F.

Material examined. Chichi-jima Is. —Diving site Mansakuno-hana (26°06′32″N, 142°13′54″E), Ani-jima I., 2.3–10 m, 1 carapace, partly damaged (NSMT-Cr 31680; cb ca. 9.5×cl ca. 5.9 mm), 2-VII-2014, H. Komatsu leg.

Haha-jima Is. —Diving site Shihon-iwa North (26°38′56″N, 142°08′37″E), Haha-jima I., 1 juv., photograph only, 2-VII-2015, H. Komatsu leg.; Diving site Shihon-iwa South (26°38′49″N, 142°08′36″E), Haha-jima I., 1 ♂ (cb 18.2×cl 10.8 mm), NSMT-Cr 31681, 3-VII-2015, H. Komatsu leg.; Diving site Uentro (26°39′28″N, 142°10′35″E), Haha-jima I., 14–20 m, 1 juv. (cb 8.9×cl 5.4 mm), NSMT-Cr 31682, 12-VII-2016, H. Komatsu leg.

Remarks. As briefly noted by Serène (1984), the carapace shape and areolation of this species are generally similar to those of L. pediger ( Alcock, 1898) and L. virgata ( Rathbun, 1906) , but the areolae 2L and 3L are united to be one in this species, partially divided into two in L. virgata , and entirely separated into two in P. pediger . On three specimens examined, the male specimen is represented in Fig. 2E View Fig , with the typical carapace areolation, especially 2L and 3L, and with acute, posterior two anterolateral teeth.

Three of four specimens examined are uniform reddish brick red similar to the juvenile female from Léunion Island ( Poupin et al., 2022, fig. 9B), having no whitish color along the carapace interregional furrows illustrated by Sakai (1976). Rathbun (1906) explained the color of Carpilodes coccineus sp. nov. from the Hawaiian Islands, which is synonymous with this species, as “Deep dull crimson lake all over except the fingers.” However, the interregional furrows in the monochrome photograph ( Rathbun, 1906, pl. 8 fig. 4) seem to be of similar image with the color illustration by Sakai (1976, pl. 140 fig. 2).

Liomera albolineata ( Serène and Nguyen, 1961) View in CoL from Viet Nam was described as a close relative of L. rubra View in CoL from which it differentiated in having the white interregional furrows. The sole specimen is a young male (cb 5.7×cb 3.7 mm), as stated in the original description, and the G1 is still not fully developed. One of four specimens examined in the present study, a juvenile ( Fig. 2F View Fig ) has the similar color pattern to L. albolineata View in CoL . Based on the original description of L. albolineata View in CoL , it is impossible to distinguish L. albolineata View in CoL from L. rubra View in CoL based on the morphological characters other than the white interregional furrows. Liomera albolineata View in CoL is thus considered to be synonymous with L. rubra View in CoL .

Distribution. Widely distributed in the whole Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and east Africa in the Indian Ocean to French Polynesia, Hawaii and Japan in the Pacific Ocean.

Paractaea retusa (Nobili, 1906) [New Jn: Marumi-kebuka-awatsubu-modoki] ( Figs. 5E View Fig , 6A–B View Fig )

Actaea rufopunctata var. retusa Nobili, 1906a, p.404 View in CoL ;

1906b, p.253. Actaea retusa View in CoL : Guinot, 1964, p.37. Paractaea retusa retusa View in CoL : Guinot, 1969, p. 254, fig. 27. —

Serène, 1984, pp.121 (in key), 122 (in key), 125, fig.

73, pl. 17 figs. A–C. Paractaea retusa : Poupin et al., 2018, p. 60, fig. 16L.

Material examined. Chichi-jima Is. —Futami Bay, Chichi-jima I., on buoy, 1 ovig. ♀ (NSMT-Cr 6877; cb 17.0×cl 10.7 mm), date unknown, Y. Kurata leg.

Remarks. The ovigerous female at hand ( Fig. 5E View Fig ) is characteristic in having the transversely oval carapace, the dorsal surface of which is distinctly divided into regions by wide and deep furrows; all of the interregional furrows are filled with longish, messy hairs; all the regions are thickly covered with pearly granules and clearly standing out in sharp relief from the carapace surface ( Figs. 5E View Fig , 6A–B View Fig ). The mesogastric region (3M) is divided into three; the median anterior extension is narrow and exceeding the distal end of the inner subdivision of the protograstic region (2M), but its distal part is disguised by the interregional hairs; posterior two subdivisions of 3M are side by side, elongated laterally, each with transverse, straight anterior margin. The supraorbital margin is prominently raised and covered with pearly granules like the carapace dorsal regions, being divided into three, the curved inner, nodular median and external orbital parts; the external orbital part (D) ( Fig. 6A View Fig ) is close to the first anterolateral tooth (E) of the carapace, leaving a shallow depression; 1L+2L is elongated, weakly curved towards E, distinctly divided from E and 3L; 4L is narrowly separated from S and widely from 3L; 5L is narrow, weakly oblique in position towards its outer end, without incision at the anterior margin; 1R is separated from S, and the posterior parts of 1–3R are united with each other on the carapace posterolateral surface, but there are a wide and deep depression between 1R and 2R, and a deep V-shaped notch between 2R and 3R.

The cheliped carpus ( Fig. 6B View Fig ) is sculpted with two deep, transverse furrows on the median surface and a longitudinal furrow along the upper margin, and also with a furrow separating imperfectly the areolae at the basal part of the upper surface; the palm is distinctly nodular with some clusters of pearly granules on the upper part, but the lower part is covered with much smaller, depressed cluster of granules interspaced with short setae. The ambulatory legs are short, stout and densely covered with pearly granules; each carpus is provided with a deep longitudinal furrow on the upper anterior surface and a short, deep furrow angled to the longitudinal furrow at the median part; two parts formed on the anterior margin are thickened, and the distal one overhangs the anterior margin of the propodus.

This species is similar to Paractaea plumosa (Guinot, in Sakai, 1976), stat. nov., in having longish hairs in the carapace interregional furrows. However, the details of the carapace regions are close to those of P. retusa (Nobili, 1906) , especially in the shape of 5L. Among many formas distinguished by Guinot (1969) and Serène (1984), most of which are, as Ng et al. (2008) mentioned, cannot be accepted nomenclaturally, but it is noted that the presence or absence of a notch at the anterior margin of 5L is an important criterion in addition to the main carapace regions. In P. plumosa , there is a distinct notch at the anterior margin of 5L ( Guinot, 1969, fig. 21, as P. rufopunctata forme plumosa ), Serène (1984, pl. 16 fig. C, as P. rufopunctata f. plumosa ), Sakai (1976, fig. 240b, pl. 159 fig. 1, as P. rufopunctata plumosa ), and Iwasa-Arai et al. (2015, fig. 1B, as P. rufopunctata plumosa ). As regards P. retusa , the present specimen agrees well with the “plumeux” type represented by Serène (1984, pl. 17 fig. C, as P. retusa retusa ).

Distribution. Widely distributed in the whole Indo-West Pacific, from the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean to the southern Pacific Ocean, and then northwards to the Ogasawara Islands in the northwestern Pacific Ocean recorded in this paper.