Miltochrista humilis, Walker, 1854

The Miltochrista humilis View in CoL species-group

Diagnosis. The male genitalia of the species-group are characterised by the weakly sclerotised tegumen with narrow arms, the well-developed distal costal process separated from the valvula, the smooth and simple distal saccular process, and the phallus vesica bearing one or two blade- or thorn-shaped cornuti. In the female genitalia, the antrum is large and heavily sclerotised, the corpus bursae has a posterior section having a broad sclerotised plate and bearing clusters of robust spines posteriorly, and the anterior section of the corpus bursae is densely covered with minute spinules. The 7 th abdominal female sternite bears lateral sclerotised and gelatinous pockets that receive the distal processes of the male valva during copulation.

Note. The species-group is considered here in wide sense. The volume of this taxonomically difficult complex remains unclear and will be clarified later in the separate paper. Currently we can assign with the group the taxa listed below.

Species content of the M. humilis species-group in alphabetical order

(Species occurring in India are marked with an asterisk)

– M. acteola ( Swinhoe, 1903) (TL: [ Thailand, Saraburi] Siam, Muok-Lek)

– M. acutiseriata ( Holloway, 2001) (TL: Brunei, Pengkalan Batu Agr. Stn)

– M. apiseriata ( Holloway, 2001) (TL: [ Malaysia] Sarawak, Gunong Mulu Nat. Park, G. Api)

– M. artocarpi Moore, 1878 * (TL: India, Darjeeling)

– M. asphida Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023 (TL: S Laos, 27 km ENE of Pakse, near Tad Fane waterfall)

– M. aureata ( Rothschild, 1913) * (TL: India, Khasi Hills)

– M. banlanga Volynkin & Černý, 2023 (TL: SW Thailand, Chumphon Prov., Pa Toh, Ban Lang Tang)

– M. biseriata ( Hampson, 1900) (TL: [ Malaysia] Borneo, Sandakan)

– M. butleri (Leech, [1889]) , stat. rev. (TL: Japan, Nagasaki)

– M. cataplictica Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023 (TL: S Laos, 27 km ENE of Pakse, near Tad Fane waterfall)

– M. cingula ( Černý, 2009) (described in Černý & Pinratana 2009) (TL: SE Thailand, Chanthaburi, Bar Ta Moon)

– M. conthytera Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023 (TL: China, Sichuan, Qingchenghoushan Mts.)

– M. creatina creatina ( Snellen, 1879) (TL: [ Indonesia, Sulawesi] Takalar, Mangkasar, Bonthain)

– M. creatina javanica ( van Eecke, 1920) (TL: [ Indonesia] Java, Batavia)

– M. dagmarae dagmarae ( Černý, 2016) (TL: Laos, prov. Khammouane, Muang Khai)

– M. dagmarae anaptigmena Volynkin & Černý, 2022 (TL: SE Thailand, Ubon Ratchatani, border of Nam Yuem NP)

– M. dharma ( Moore, 1879) * (TL: [ India, Himachal Pradesh] Dharmsala, N.W. Himalaya)

= Asura lacteoflava lacteoflava Rothschild, 1913 (TL: [N India, Himachal Pradesh, Chamba District] “Dalhousie, N.W. India ”)

– M. diasticta Volynkin & Černý, 2022 * (TL: NE India, Assam, Nambor Reserve Forest, Garampani)

– M. discistriga ( Moore, 1878) * (TL: India, Darjeeling)

– M. ehyrosta Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023 (TL: N Vietnam, Vĩnh Phúc Prov., Tam Dao Range)

– M. eos ( Hampson, 1900) (TL: [ Indonesia] Java, Malang)

– M. ephimeces Volynkin, Černý, N. Singh, Kirti, Datta & S. Singh , sp. nov. * (TL: NE India, Assam)

– M. excaviseriata ( Holloway, 2001) (TL: [ Malaysia] Sarawak, Gunong Mulu Nat. Park)

– M. explanata Bucsek, 2020 (TL: Laos, Houaphanh Prov., Mt. Phu Pane)

– M. falcihumilis N. Singh & Kirti, 2016 * (described in Kirti & Singh 2016) (TL: India, Mizoram, Thingsul)

– M. falciseriata ( Holloway, 2001) (TL: [ Malaysia] Sabah, Poring)

– M. flavorosea Bucsek, 2020 (TL: Laos, Houaphanh Prov., Mt. Phu Pane)

– M. furcata ( Reich, 1936) * (TL: India, Darjeeling, Terriai Sikkim)

– M. gopaldhara Volynkin, Černý, N. Singh, Kirti, Datta & S. Singh , sp. nov. * (TL: [ India, West Bengal] Gopaldhara, Mirik)

– M. humilis Walker, 1854 (TL: Myanmar, Moulmein) = Lyclene semicirculata Heylaerts, 1891 (TL: [ Indonesia] Java, Préanger)

– M. jaroslavae Černý, 2016 (TL: C Thailand, Phetchabun, border of Nam Nao NP) – M. carcharias Volynkin, Černý, N. Singh, Kirti, Datta & S. Singh , sp. nov. * (TL: India, Sikkim, Pemayangtse) – M. khammouanea Bucsek, 2020 (TL: Laos, Khammouane Prov., Nakai env.) – M. kravchenkoi Volynkin, Saldaitis & Müller, 2022 * (described in Volynkin et al. 2022c) (TL: Myanmar, Chin State, Mount Victoria)

– M. lineidistincta ( Bucsek, 2012) (TL: Malaysia, Pahang distr., Cameron Highlands) – M. mawphlang N. Singh, Kirti, Datta, S. Singh, Volynkin & Černý , sp. nov. * ( India, Cherrapunji) – M. mediobliqua ( Wu, Fu & Chang, 2013) ( Taiwan, Hualien County, Cien) – M. neoseriata N. Singh & Kirti, 2016 * (described in Kirti & Singh 2016) (TL: India, Assam, Jatinga)

= Miltochrista pseudoseriata N. Singh, Kirti & Joshi, 2016 , syn. nov. (described in Kirti & Singh 2016) (TL: India, Assam, Jatinga)

– M. nubilalis ( Hampson, 1894) * (TL: India, Ganjam) – M. nuiba Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023 (TL: S Vietnam, Lâm Đồng Prov., Tây Nguyên Highlands)

– M. orsova ( Swinhoe, 1903) (TL: [ Thailand, Saraburi] Siam, Muok-Lek) – M. pachia Volynkin, Saldaitis & Müller, 2022 (described in Volynkin et al. 2022c) ( Myanmar, Chin State, Mount Victoria)

– M. parallelina Hampson, 1894 (TL: Myanmar, East Pegu) – M. parallelinaformis Bucsek, 2020 (TL: Laos, Houaphanh Prov., Mt. Phu Pane) – M. paraseriata N. Singh & Kirti, 2016 * (TL: India, Sikkim, Aritar) – M. parvulus Bucsek, 2020 (TL: Laos, Khammouane Prov., Nakai env.) – M. phantasma ( Hampson, 1907) * (TL: India, Andaman Islands) – M. phupana Volynkin & Černý, 2023 (TL: E Thailand, Sakhon Nakhon Prov., Phu Pan NP) – M. pingera ( Bucsek, 2012) (TL: Malaysia, Pahang distr., Cameron Highlands) – M. postseriata ( Holloway, 2001) (TL: [ Malaysia] Sarawak: Gunong Mulu Nat. Park, G. Api)

= Lyclene jeremyhollowayi Bucsek, 2014 (TL: Malaysia, Perak, North Cameron Highlands) – M. primaria Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023 (TL: N Vietnam, Mt. Fan-si-pan, N side) – M. qingchenga Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023 (TL: China, Sichuan Prov., Mt. Qingchengshan) – M. ranonga Volynkin & Černý, 2023 (TL: SW Thailand, Ranong Prov., Ranong) – M. rolleri Bucsek, 2020 ( Laos, Khammouane Prov., Nakai env.) – M. rosalia ( Hampson, 1914) (replacement name for rosacea Rothschild )

= Miltochrista rosacea Rothschild, 1913 (TL: [ Indonesia] West Java), nec Bremer, 1861

= Miltochrista javana Draudt, 1914 , replacement name for rosacea Rothschild

– M. roseogrisea Rothschild, 1913 * (TL: [ Myanmar] Lower Burma) – M. ruptifascia ( Hampson, 1893) * (TL: [ Sri Lanka] Ceylon) – M. simonka ( Bucsek, 2014) ( Malaysia, Pahang distr., Cameron Highlands) – M. sinica Moore, 1877 (described in Moore 1877b) (TL: China, Shanghai) – M. soloma Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023 (TL: S Vietnam, Lâm Đồng Prov., Tây Nguyên Highlands)

– M. striata ( Wileman, 1910) (TL: [ Taiwan] Kanshirei) – M. strigatula ( Rothschild, 1913) * (TL: India, Khasi Hills) – M. strigibasis ( de Joannis, 1930) (TL: [N Vietnam] Cha pa) – M. swanni Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023 (TL: [N Myanmar, Kachin State] Upper Burma:

Htawgaw) – M. taiwania Volynkin, 2024 (described in Volynkin 2024b) (TL: Taiwan Island, Ilan Co., Suyuan, near Pinan) – M. taragmena Volynkin & Huang, 2022 (TL: China, Yunnan, Lijiang) – M. tenuiprocessa Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023 (TL: N Vietnam, Lào Cai Prov., Sa Pa District, near Sa Pa)

– M. terrarega N. Singh, Raha & Joshi, 2024 * (described in Singh et al. 2024a) (TL: India, Rajasthan)

– M. tsimphida Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023* (TL: NE India, W Meghalaya, Garo Hills)

– M. tumida Volynkin, Černý, S. -Y. Huang & Saldaitis, 2023 (TL: N Vietnam, Mt. Fan-si-pan (North), Chapa)

– M. uncalis ( Kirti & Gill, 2009) * (TL: India, Karnataka: Bhagamandala)

– M. velona Volynkin, Saldaitis & Müller, 2022 (described in Volynkin et al. 2022c) (TL: Myanmar, Chin State, Mount Victoria)

– M. venustusa ( Bucsek, 2012) ( Malaysia, Pahang distr., Cameron Highlands)

– M. wenchiyehi ( Wu, Fu & Chang, 2013) (TL: Taiwan, Miaoli County, Guanwu)

– M. xanthopera xanthopera ( Hampson, 1907) (TL: Singapore)

– M. xanthopera montana ( Bucsek, 2014) (TL: Malaysia, Pahang distr., Cameron Highlands)

– M. yimingcheni ( Wu, Fu & Chang, 2013) (TL: Taiwan, Chiayi County, Nanzixianxi)