Dicranota ( Eudicranota ) perdistincta Alexander, 1940

Dicranota ( Eudicranota) perdistincta Alexander, 1940 View in CoL

Figs 25–28 View Figures 25–28 , 82 View Figures 77–93

Dicranota ( Eudicranota) perdistincta Alexander, 1940: 44, figs 4, 29. View in CoL

Type material examined.

North Korea • Paratypes: 1 ♂ (pinned, antenna, hind leg, wing and genitalia slide mounted); Ompo ; alt. 152 m; 28 May 1938; A. M. Yankovsky leg.; USNM • 1 ♂ (pinned, antenna, fore leg, wing and genitalia slide mounted); Ompo ; alt. 91 m; 29 May 1938; A. M. Yankovsky leg.; USNM • 1 ♂ (pinned); Ompo ; alt. 107 m; 8 June 1938; A. M. Yankovsky leg.; USNM 2012845 About USNM • Allotype 1 ♀ (pinned); Ompo ; alt. 213 m; 9 June 1938; A. M. Yankovsky leg.; USNM .

Other examined material

(Fig. 82 View Figures 77–93 ). South Korea • 2 ♂, 1 ex. (pinned, abdomen broken); # 3, 7 miles W of Chungju ; [ 36.97844°N, 127.80099°E]; 27 April 1954; G. W. Byers leg.; U-M, USNM GoogleMaps • 3 ♂ (in ethanol); Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daegwallyeong-myeon , Yongsan-ri , Mt. Balwangsan ; [ 37.61458°N, 128.67147°E]; 23 April – 14 May 2008; J. D. Yeo et al. leg.; Malaise trap; NIBR GoogleMaps • 144 ♂ (in ethanol), 4 ♂ (pinned); Gangwon-do, Odaesan National Park ; 37.81161°N, 128.70116°E; alt. 280 m; 2 May 2012 (2); S. Podenas leg.; among fallen leaves on rock surface; net; Genbank No. PQ 590790; NIBR GoogleMaps • 22 ♂, 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeollabuk-do, Namwon, Unbong-eup, Hwasu-ri ; 35.45098°N, 127.57596°E; alt. 509 m; 6 May 2013 (1); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps • 13 ♂ (in ethanol); Jeollabuk-do, Namwon, Jucheon-myeon, Gogi-ri ; 35.38131°N, 127.48412°E; alt. 450 m; 7 May 2013 (2); S. Podenas leg.; net; NIBR GoogleMaps .

Redescription.

General body colouration pale yellow. Body length of male 5.7–7.0 mm, of female ~ 5.5 mm. Wing length of male 6.0– 7.5 mm, of female 5.0 mm.

Head. Grey dorsally, obscure yellow ventrally, covered with sparse pale setae. Eyes widely separated in both sexes, distance between them at base of antenna exceeds length of both basal antennomeres taken together. Antenna 1.0– 1.2 mm long in male, reaching slightly beyond frontal margin of prescutum if bent backwards, pale brown, slightly darker at distal end. Scape brown, pedicel paler brown. Flagellum 10–12 - segmented, two or three basal flagellomeres crowded, hardly distinguishable from one another, remaining segments oval. Length of apical flagellomere variable, from smaller to slightly longer than penultimate. Longest verticils ≤ 1.7 × as long as respective flagellomere. Rostrum brownish yellow, palpus pale yellow with slightly infuscate distal palpomere, labellum pale yellow.

Thorax. Pale to dusky yellow, covered with pale or whitish pruinosity. Pronotum pale brownish yellow covered with setae. Presutural scutum pale yellow widely darker medially, dusted with whitish. Tubercular pit missing, pseudosutural fovea indistinct. Scutal lobe dusky yellow, area between scutal lobes paler. Scutellum pale frontally, obscure yellow posteriorly. Mediotergite pale yellow, brownish yellow caudally. Pleuron uniformly pale yellow, semi-polished where pruinosity has been denuded. Prothoracic spiracle surrounded by whitish membrane. Wing (Fig. 25 View Figures 25–28 ) comparatively wide, length / width ratio 3.1, widest slightly before tip of vein CuP, translucent, strongly iridescent. Stigma indistinct or completely missing. Narrow darker brown areas surround sc-r, base of Rs, R 2 and supernumerary cross-vein in cell r 1, branching point of Rs and cross-vein r-m, cross-vein m-cu surrounded by indistinct darker area. Veins dark brown to pale brown, or pale at wing base. Venation: Sc long, reaching level of supernumerary cross-vein in cell r 1, sc-r far before the level of Rs base or tip of anal vein, distinctly closer to humeral vein than to base of radial sector. Rs long, ~ 4 × as long as cross-vein m-cu, usually angulate and short spurred, but often arched at base. Free end of R 1 very short, nearly missing, much shorter than R 2. Vein R 2 nearly transverse, supernumerary cross-vein in cell r 1 at the same level as branching point of R 4 + 5. R 3, R 4, and R 5 slightly arched and nearly parallel to each other. Cell r 3 without stem, cell r 4 with short stem, cell itself ~ 4 × as long as its stem. Cross-vein r-m distinct, discal cell large, ~ 2.5 × as long as wide. Cell m 1 usually long, ≥ 1.5 × as long as its stem. Cross-vein m-cu slightly beyond branching point of M. Veins CuP and A 1 nearly straight just slightly arched before wing margin. Anal angle widely rounded. Usually, there is no difference between male and female wing shape and venation, but in some cases female wing is shorter than that of male when compared with body length, some females are brachypterous with wing strongly reduced and unsuitable for flight (Fig. 26 View Figures 25–28 ). Such wing is much narrower than normal, length / width ratio nearly reaches 5, venation more or less preserved, but cells darker than in typical form. Halter long, its length exceeds length of thorax. Length of male halter 1.2–1.5 mm, of female 1.1 mm. Stem of halter pale, knob slightly infuscate. Coxae obscure yellow to pale, trochanters pale with narrowly blackened distal rim. Femora pale yellow with pale base and slightly infuscate distal part. Tibiae pale yellow with narrowly dark brown distal margin. Two basal tarsomeres brownish, paler basally, darker distally, remaining tarsomeres brown to dark brown. Male femur I: 3.8–4.1 mm long, II: 3.8–4.2 mm, III: 4.4–4.5 mm, tibia I: 4.1–4.2 mm, II: 3.7–4.3 mm, III: 4.2–4.6 mm, tarsus I: 5.2 mm, II: 4.4–4.7 mm, III: 4.6–4.9 mm. Female femur I: 2.5 mm long, II: 2.2 mm, III: 2.8 mm, tibia I: 2.6 mm, II: 2.5 mm, III: 2.5 mm, tarsus I: 2.7 mm, II: 2.6 mm, III: 3.4 mm. Claw small and simple, without spines.

Abdomen. Dusky yellow to brownish yellow. Tergites with narrowly pale posterior and lateral margins, basal sternite pale yellow, remaining sternites greyish yellow. Abdomen covered with erect pale yellow setae, denser on ventral side. Male terminalia (Fig. 27 View Figures 25–28 ) concolourous with the rest of abdomen. Posterior margin of epandrium protuberant postero-medially, postero-lateral angle extended into long blade with finger-shaped apex. Whole posterior margin of epandrium covered with long setae. Gonocoxite nearly cylindrical, ~ 2.5 × as long as wide, slightly arched, with large conical outgrowth slightly beyond middle of meso-dorsal surface and densely setose area subapically on dorso-lateral surface. One pair of gonostyli. Indistinct rostral part of gonostylus in nearly dorsal position. Gonostylus truncate, distal part covered with numerous black peg-like spines. Aedeagus short, usually not visible in dorsal view. Paramere long, wider basally, distal part pale, rod-shaped, mesal margin finely setose ~ 1 / 3–1 / 2 from base. Posterior segments of female abdomen pale yellow, concolourous with the rest of abdomen. Ovipositor (Fig. 28 View Figures 25–28 ) yellow. Distal part of cercus just slightly raised upwards, yellow to brownish yellow. Hypogynial valve straight, blackish at base, distal part pale, dorsal margin at basal half with long setae parallel to margin, nearly reaching apex of valve, very tip with short single seta. Spermathecae three, they are small, drop-shaped.

Elevation range.

From < 100 m to> 500 m.

Period of activity.

From late April through to early July.

Habitat.

Larva unknown. Adults fly close to springs, small mountainous streams and rivulets, shaded by mixed forests and shrubs with sparse grassy cover along the margins. Males could be abundant on the ground, crawling among fallen leaves on rocky surfaces in search for females. Some streams with muddy pools alongside.

General distribution.

Species is endemic to Korean Peninsula.

Remark.

It is the first record of brachypterous female. Species recorded from South Korea for the first time.