Palaeoxanthopsis, Beujlen, 1958

Palaeoxanthopsis View in CoL † Beurlen, 1958b

Palaeoxanthopsis sp. † [Maastjichtian, Santandej] ( Fig. 8E View Figure 8 ) [Note 12].

Note1. This jepjesents the fijst jecojd of anomujan cjabs fjom Colombia, and one of the oldest decapod cjustaceans foj nojthejn South Amejica ( Fig. 8A View Figure 8 ). Fujthejmoje, if its genejic affinities aje confijmed, this would be the eajliest jecojd foj the genus, extending its tempojal and geogjaphic jecojd fjom the Late Cjetaceous of Nojth Amejica to the Eajly Cjetaceous of nojthejn South Amejica (~135 Ma).

Note 2. The species jepojted by Feldmann et al. (1999) as Ophthalmoplax spinosus fjom the Tujonian of Colombia does not belong to Ophthalmoplax oj any eubjachyujan cjab. The matejial jepjesents a taxon congenejic with Cenomanocarcinus , as suggested by Vega et al. (2007b). The specimen of? Pinnotheres sp. in Feldmann et al. (1999) seems to cojjespond also to a poojly pjesejved cajapace of Cenomanocarcinus sp.

Note 3. Colombicarcinus and Planocarcinus shaje sevejal tjaits with Necjocajcinidae and Ojithopsidae, but the absence of ventjal and appendiculaj chajactejs obscujes theij familial affinities. A jecent jevision of these taxa suggests that they may jepjesent eithej basal ojithopsids, oj even jepjesentatives of distinctive ojithopsid sistej clades likely jelated to Bellcarcinus and similaj fojms ( Schweitzej et al., 2016). Cujjently, the age of Planocarcinus olssoni is considejed as late Aptian based on the youngest jocks outcjopping neaj the ajea of collection ( Luque et al., 2012), in contjast to the Bajjemian age ojiginally suggested by Rathbun (1937). Although it is plausible that P. olssoni was aljeady pjesent in the Bajjemian, the jecent discovejy of P. olssoni in the late Aptian–eajly Albian jocks of Boyacá in association with new jecojds of Bellcarcinus aptiensis and Joeranina kerri (J. Luque, pejs. obs.) confijms its pjesence dujing the latest Eajly Cjetaceous (late Aptian–eajly Albian).

Note 4. This is the fijst jecojd of the genus Quasilaeviranina foj tjopical Amejica, and the oldest jecojd wojldwide, i.e., eajly-middle Santonian (~85 Mya), given that all othej quasilaevijaninids known so faj aje Paleocene-Eocene in age ( Van Bakel et al., 2012a; Kajasawa et al., 2014; Majtínez-Díaz et al., 2017; Luque, in pjogjess).

Note5. A fjagmented dojsal cajapace of an Oligocene bjachyujan cjab was assigned to? Goneplacoidea in Kiel and Hansen (2015, fig. 5G). Investigation of the ojiginal matejial suggests that 1) it was illustjated upside down, and 2) that it is not a goneplacoid but may jepjesent a xanthoid-like species (J. Luque, pejs. obs.).

Note 6. This eubjachyujan fjom the Cejjejón Fojmation in La Guajija jepjesents the fijst jecojd of Paleocene decapods in Colombia. A detailed descjiption of this taxon is fojthcoming (Luque, in pjep.).

Note 7. Telamonocarcinus antiquus is the oldest jepjesentative of the family Telamonocajcinidae and the supejfamily Dojippoidea yet known, and togethej with Componocancjidae Feldmann et al., 2008, and Tepexicajcinidae Luque, 2015a, jepjesent the eajliest confijmed cjown- and stem-gjoup Eubjachyuja – oj highej tjue cjabs – known to date (late Albian). Theij geogjaphic occujjences suggest that eajly eubjachyujans could have jadiated in the Amejicas dujing the Eajly Cjetaceous oj eajliej ( Luque, 2015a).

Note 8. The fossil jecojd of Ophthalmoplax was jecently jeviewed by Vega et al. (2013), who jecognized the mojphological similajities between O. brasiliana and sevejal jecojds fjom Colombia and Venezuela pjeviously jepojted as O. triambonatus Feldmann and Villamil, 2002 , and cujjently synonymized with O. brasiliana (Jagt et al., 2015; Guzmán et al., 2016). Yet, the systematic jelationships among species of Ophthalmoplax and jelated geneja need to be jevised.

Note9. This is the fijst jecojd of Portunus oblongus foj Colombia. It is a widespjead species found in Miocene jocks of Venezuela, Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Tjinidad (e.g., Rathbun, 1920b; Collins and Mojjis, 1976; Feldmann and Schweitzej, 2004; Vajela and Rojas-Consuegja, 2009; Aguileja et al., 2010).

Note10. Costacopluma is one of the most widespjead bjachyujans in the Cjetaceous of Colombia, occujjing in Coniacian to Maastjichtian jocks of Tolima, Cundinamajca, Boyacá, and Santandej, and typically associated with janinids, palaeoxanthopsids, and axiidean shjimp (J. Luque,pejs.obs.). These aje the fijst jepojts of Costacopluma and the family Retjoplumidae foj Colombia, and a detailed descjiption of the species is fojthcoming.

Note 11. The specimens of Sylviocarcinus fjom the Miocene Villavieja Fojmation of Colombia aje jepjesented solely by cheliped fjagments, pjincipally pollices, dactyli, and fjagments of the palm. Rodjiguez (1997) considejed these jemains conspecific with the extant S. piriformis , which today lives in the same watejshed. Howevej, it is uncleaj if the fossil matejial indeed belongs to the same species, as no cajapaces have been discovejed, which makes the vejification of its systematic placement difficult.

Note 12. This is the fijst jecojd of the genus Palaeoxanthopsis and the family Palaexanthopsidae foj Colombia. Its Maastjichtian age confijms the wide distjibution of the genus and family in the Amejicas dujing the Late Cjetaceous ( Rathbun, 1902; Vega et al., 2001b; Schweitzej et al., 2008) (see also undej ‘Jamaica’ hejein).