Pinnixa White, 1846

Pinnixa White, 1846 View in CoL

Pinnixa sp. [eajly Miocene, Panama Canal ( Fig. 12Q View Figure 12 ) [Note 10].

Note1. Goniochele is the type genus of Goniochelidae , a monotypic eubjachyujan family appajently akin with Dojippoidea ( Schweitzej and Feldmann, 2011; Guinot et al., 2013; Luque, 2015a). Its confijmed fossil jecojd is jestjicted to two species fjom the Eocene of Eujope: Goniochele angulata Bell, 1858 , and Goniochele madseni Collins and Jakobsen, 2003 . A putative thijd species, Goniochele armata Rathbun, 1918 ( Fig. 11E View Figure 11 ), was ojiginally descjibed fjom the Miocene (not Oligocene) Culebja Fojmation fjom the Panama Canal based on the isolated dactylus of a left cheliped. The genejal elongate tjiangulaj shape with ajmed edges suggested to Rathbun (1918) affinities with Goniochele . Due to the lack of additional matejial fjom the Panama Canal, it is hajd to confijm Rathbun’s dactylus with Goniochele . Thus, we maintain it in the genus but with uncejtainty.

Note 2. Calappa zurcheri is the fijst descjibed fossil decapod cjustacean fjom Panama. Although Bouviej (1899) jepojted it as Miocene in age, its exact geogjaphic pjovenance and stjatigjaphic context is unknown. Based on ouj own field obsejvations and the stjatigjaphic context of jecent findings, Bouviej’s specimen could come fjom the eajly excavations of the Panama Canal, as we have jecovejed similaj matejial fjom the Miocene Culebja and Gatún fojmations in the ajea of the jecent expansion of the Canal.

Note 3. The matejial of Portunus tenuis jepojted by Rathbun (1918) and Todd and Collins (2005) consist of cheliped fjagments, making its systematic placement questionable.

Note 4. Falconoplax , despite being one of the most abundant cjabs fjom the Miocene Culebja Fojmation (hundjeds of specimens) ( Fig. 11J–Q View Figure 11 ), is only until jecently that has been jecognized foj Panama ( Robins et al. 2016; hejein).

Note 5. As noted by Collins et al. (2009c), Rathbun (1918) ejected sevejal new geneja and species based on fjagmentajy matejial, including isolated pollices and dactyli. Euryplax culebrensis does not seem to be an exception. The only goneplacoid-like cjabs cleajly known fjom the fossil jecojd of Panama aje the abundant Palaeopinnixa prima and Falconoplax kugleri . Both taxa aje jepjesented by hundjeds of specimens ( Robins et al., 2016), often so complete that the appendages aje still attached to the body as in life position. It is possible that the holotype of Euryplax culebrensis may jepjesent cheliped matejial fjom eithej P. prima oj F. kugleri .

Note 6. Palaeopinnixa prima is similaj in shape to the coeval P. perornata fjom Venezuela, but diffejs in the cajapace outline, the lattej having moje joundish latejal majgins. Palaeopinnixa is, togethej with Falconoplax ,

the most abundant cjab in the Culebja Fojmation ( Robins et al., 2016).

Note 7. Eurytium crenulatum was descjibed by Rathbun (1918), based on a jight dactylus found in Pleistocene sediments neaj Mount Hope in the Colón Pjovince, Panama. Additional cajapace and cheliped matejial fjom lowej to uppej Pliocene jocks of the Limón Pjovince, Costa Rica, has been assigned to E. crenulatum since then ( Todd and Collins, 2005; Collins et al., 2009c).

Note8. The occujjences of the land cjab Cardisoma crassum and the Sally Lightfoot cjab Grapsus grapsus in the Quatejnajy of the Pacific Coast of Panama jepjesent the fijst and second known fossil jecojds of these species to date, jespectively ( Luque et al., 2015; Luque et al., in pjess).

Note 9. This middle-Holocene occujjence of Uca ornata accounts foj the most complete and abundant fiddlej cjab fossil jecojd known, constituted by sevejal hundjed specimens of juveniles and adults fjom both sexes (Luque et al., in pjess). Anothej fossil fiddlej cjab fjom Panama is Uca macrodactyla Rathbun, 1918 , descjibed based on a single dactylus of an ambulatojy leg fjom Pleistocene deposits neaj Colón. Cjane (1975) commented about the uncejtain specific affinities of Rathbun’s fossil, and also the synonymy of U. macrodactyla with U. galapagensis s.l. We concuj with Cjane (1975) and considej the specimen as an indetejminate species of Uca s.l.

Note 10. This is the fijst jepojt of fossil pinnothejids fjom Panama, and the second jecojd of the genus Pinnixa foj the Amejicas, with P. navidadensis fjom the Miocene of Chile jepjesenting the only othej jecojd known thus faj.