Thinouia ventricosa Radlk.

13. Thinouia ventricosa Radlk. View in CoL , Sitzungsber. Math. - Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 8: 282. 1878

Figs 19 D View Figure 19 , 25 View Figure 25

Type.

Brazil. São Paulo • without locality, C. F. P. von Martius 1303 (lectotype, designated by Massing and Miotto 2020, pg. 160: M [ M 0212718 ] [image!]; isolectotype: P [ P 02297040 ] [image!].

Description.

Tendrilled liana; stem cylindrical, striate, puberulous, with round or elliptical lenticels; cross-section simple or with neo formations when mature. Leaves trifoliolate; stipules ca. 0.3 mm long, triangular, glabrous or puberulous; petiole 1.5–5.3 cm long, terete or subterete, puberulous or pubescent; petiolules canaliculate, terminal petiolules ca. 0.6 cm long, lateral petiolules 0.2–0.4 cm long, rarely subsessile; leaflets glabrous on both sides or sometimes abaxially pubescent; leaflet secondary venation semicraspedodromous, secondaries 4–5 pairs, alternate, spacing irregular, with domatia on abaxial surface of secondary vein axils, frequently only on the lowermost pair of secondary veins, rarely on other secondaries; intersecondaries presents; tertiary veins irregular reticulate; margins entire to serrate, with 2–3 (4) teeth reduced to inconspicuous glands; terminal leaflet 4.7–7.6 × 1.8–2.8 cm, lanceolate, symmetrical or asymmetrical, the apex acute to acuminate, mucronate, the base acute to decurrent, rarely obtuse; lateral leaflets 3.9–7 × 1.5–2.8 cm, lanceolate, asymmetrical, the apex acute to acuminate, mucronate, the base decurrent or rounded. Thyrses axillary or terminal, umbelliform, 2.4–4.5 cm long, peduncle 1–5 cm long, secondary peduncle (0) 0.1–0.2 cm long; cincinni numerous, peduncle of cincinnus 0.7–2 mm long. Flowers 2.6–4 mm long, pedicel 2–2.5 mm long, glabrous; sepals ca. 0.5 mm long, connate at the base, deltate, abaxially puberulent, adaxially glabrous, villous at margins; petals ca. 1.4 mm long, short spatulate, abaxially villous on the central part, the rest glabrous; petal appendages rudimentary, bifid, smaller than the petals, villous; nectary disc annular, glabrous, Staminate flower with stamens 8, ca. 3 mm long, filaments villous for little more than half of their length, anthers papillose, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; pistillode ca. 0.9 mm long, pilose on distal half. Pistillate flower with staminodes ca. 1.2 mm long, villous; pistil ca. 1.3 mm long, pilose on distal half, ovary ca. 1 mm long, style ca. 0.2 mm long. Fruits chartaceous, 3.4–4.7 × 1.8–2.5 cm; accrescent pedicel 5–6.1 mm long; stipe 6.3–8.1 mm long; seed locule lenticular; epicarp glabrous to subglabrous; cavity of seed locule villous, with arachnoid, biseriate, or simple trichomes. Seed ellipsoid, ca. 5.8 × 4.4 mm, basally attached, glabrous.

Distribution, habitat and phenology.

Thinouia ventricosa is known from tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests in the states of Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo, Brazil, and from Argentina (Fig. 18 D View Figure 18 ), in semi-deciduous and ombrophilous forests. Flowering from December to February, and fruiting January to August.

Notes.

Thinouia ventricosa can be confused with T. restingae (see comments under T. restingae ). Additionally, T. ventricosa is similar to T. scandens due to the great morphological variability of leaves and fruits. However, T. ventricosa is easily distinguished from the latter species by its smaller flowers (2.6–4 mm long vs. 4.5–6 mm long).

Conservation status.

Thinouia ventricosa possesses a broad EOO of 306,232.35 km 2 and an AOO of 92.00 km 2, with few known locations. However, the semi-deciduous and ombrophilous forests in Southeastern Brazil and Northeastern Argentina, where the species is found, are subject to continuing decline in area and quality of habitat due to anthropic pressure. Despite this, there are no data on population declines to apply other criteria, and several conservation units in Brazil and Argentina protect the species. Thus, it should be regarded as Least Concern (LC).

Selected specimens examined

. Argentina. Misiones • El Dorado, Km 31 ruta nac. 12 , 10 Jul 1972, Schinini 4904 ( MBM) . Brazil. Paraná • Mun. Cianorte, Estrada Cambuci , 5 Apr 2012, Rosado 59 ( HUEM) • Mun. Engenheiro Beltrão, Reserva Florestal de Figueira D’Oeste , 19 Mar 2007, Grande s. n .. ( MBM 342283 View Materials ) • Mun. Fênix, RPPN Vila Rica , 4 Mar 2015, Caxambu et al. 5920 ( HCF) • Mun. Guarapuava, Parque Municipal das Araucárias , 8 Jan 2005, Cordeiro 176 ( MBM, ESA) • Mun. Maringá, Parque das Palmeiras , 16 Aug 2019, Rosado 969 ( HUEM) • Mun. Morretes, Fartura , 29 Jan 1980, Hatschbach 42750 ( F, INPA, MBM, MO, MU, RB, UEC, US, WAG) • Mun. Nova América da Colina, Rio Água Três Barras , 18 May 1998, Francisco et al. s. n .. ( MBM 338062 View Materials ) • Mun. Rio Bonito do Iguaçu, Fazenda Giacmet-Marodin , 23 Jun 1995, Poliquesi 347 ( MBM, MEXU) • Mun. Rio Branco do Sul, Ribeirinha , 7 May 1968, Hatschbach 19194 ( F, MBM, NY, P, UPCB, US) • Mun. Sarandi, Condomínio Estância Zaúna , 31 Jul 2019, Rosado 947 ( HUEM) . Rio Grande do Sul • Mun. Derrubada , 15 Aug 2018, Massing 323 ( ICN) • Mun. Santa Rosa , 15 Jul 1967, Hagelund 5408 ( ICN) • Mun. Tenente Portela, Parque Estadual do Turvo , s. d., Brack et al. 1758 ( ICN) . Santa Catarina • Mun. Porto União, São Miguel , 12 Jul 1962, Reitz et al. 13110 ( HBR) • Mun. Rio do Sul, Perto da Cidade , 8 Jul 1964, Reitz et al. 17062 ( HBR) . São Paulo • Without locality, s. d., Helmreichen 58 ( F, HUH, NY, WAG) • Mun. Campinas, Prope Campinas , s. d., Mello s. n .. ( P 06695482 ) • Mun. Itaporanga, Rio Verde , 17 Jun 1990, Hatschbach et al. 54328 ( MBM, US) • Mun. Mombuca, Mata do Pinheirinho , 26 Jun 2021, Medeiros and Toledo 4493 ( ESA, RB, SPF) • Mun. São Carlos, São Carlos do Pinhal , Jul 1888, Loefgren 705 ( SP) • Mun. São Paulo, Nativa do Jardim Botânico , 6 Jan 1940, O. Handro s. n .. ( SP, US 01319028 ) .