Asphondylia xerezi Maia, 2024

Asphondylia xerezi Maia , sp. nov.

( Figs. 19 View Figure 19 A-21C)

Diagnosis: Male hypoproct rounded apically, deeply bilobed, ovipositor with needle part about 2.45 × length 7 th sternite; pupa: antennal horn 0.20-0.25 mm long, upper facial horn single and conical, three lower frontal horns not aligned, 8 th abdominal segment with 7-10 dorsal spines in the posterior row, larva: spatula with lateral and mesal teeth subequal in length, mesal teeth round- ed apically, three setose lateral papillae on each side of spatula.

Male: Body: 3.20 mm long (N = 1). Head: 0.45 mm long, 0.45 mm wide (N = 1), eye facets circular, closely appressed; antennae: flagellomeres 1 and 2 not fused, scape obovate, setose, 0.06 mm long, 0.06 mm wide (N = 1), pedicel globose, setose, 0.05 mm long, 0.06 mm wide (N = 1), 1 st- 7 th flagellomeres cylindrical, all 0.04 mm wide (8 th to 12 th flagellomeres missing), circumfila longitudinally wavy, dense, anastomosing, equally spread along segments, 1 st flagellomeres 0.22 mm long (N = 1), 2 nd- 7 th flagellomeres 0.17-0.18 mm long (N = 1), proportion flagellomere neck-node 1:09; frons smashed; mouthparts smashed. Thorax: scutum with two dorsocentral rows of setae, setae more abundant anteriorly, two groups of lateral setae more abundant anteriorly, extending from base to distal margin, scales intermixed; scutellum with scattered setae; anepimeron setose; remaining pleural sclerites bare; legs: tarsal claws curved beyond midlength, empodium as long as claws; wing smashed. Abdomen: trichoid sensilla not visible; 1 st- 7 th tergites sclerotized, rectangular with a posterior row of setae, few scattered lateral setae and mostly covered elsewhere with scales, 8 th tergite tergite8 th band-like, bare; 2 nd- 8 th sternites sclerotized, rectangular, narrower than tergites, with a posterior row of setae, several setae and midlength, few lateral setae, and mostly covered elsewhere with scales; 8 th sternite with setae at ⅔ distal and mostly covered elsewhere with scales. Terminalia ( Fig. 19A View Figure 19 ): gonocoxite short and stout, 0.15 mm long, 0.07 mm wide (N = 1); gonostylus ovoid, 0.06 mm long, 0.05 mm wide (N = 1); hypoproct deeply bilobed, rounded apically.

Female: Body length: 3.20 mm (N = 1). Head ( Fig. 19B View Figure 19 ): 0.40 mm long, 0.35 mm wide, antennae: scape 0.09 mm long, 0.05 mm wide, pedicel 0.05 mm long, 0.05 mm wide, 1 st- 11 th flagellomeres cylindrical, all 0.04 mm wide, circumfila comprising two longitudinal bands connected subbasally and apically by two transverse bands ( Fig. 19C View Figure 19 ), flagellomeres 1 and 2 not fused, 1 st flagellomere 0.24 mm long, 2 nd- 6 th flagellomeres 0.17-0.18 mm long, 7 th flagellomere 0.15 mm long (N = 4), 8 th flagellomere 0.14 mm long (N = 1), 9 th flagellomere 0.09 mm long (N = 1), 10 th flagellomere 0.07 mm long, 11 flagellomere 0.06 mm long, 12 th flagellomere 0.04 mm long ( Fig. 19D View Figure 19 ); proportion flagellomere neck-node 1:15; mouthparts: labrum 0.07 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1), hypopharynx 0.11 mm long, 0.04 mm wide (N = 1), labellum 0.07 mm long, 0.04 mm wide at midlength, with 5 pairs of mesal setae (N = 1); palpus 0.22 mm long (N = 1): 1 st segment globose 0.02 mm long, 0.02 mm wide (N = 2), 2 nd segment cylindrical 0.05 mm long, 0.02 mm wide at midlength (N = 2), 3 rd segment claviform 0.15 mm long and 0.02-0.03 mm wide at midlength (N = 2). Thorax: wing length: 2.35 mm (N = 1) ( Fig. 19E View Figure 19 ); tarsal claws more sclerotized and robust than in male ( Fig. 19F View Figure 19 ). Abdomen: trichoid sensillae not visible, 1 st- 7 th tergites as in male, 8 th tergite with posterior margin with lobes 0.07-0.08 mm long (N = 2), 2 nd- 6 th sternites as in male, 6 th sternite 0.17-020 mm long (N = 2), 7 th sternite 0.35-45 mm long (N = 1), 2.05-2.25 × length sternite 6 (N = 2), setose (except basally), mostly covered elsewhere with scales; sternite 8 not sclerotized; ovipositor ( Fig. 19G View Figure 19 ): needle part 0.86 mm long (N = 1), 2.45x length sternite 7 (N = 1). Other characters as in male.

Pupa ( Fig. 20A View Figure20 ): Color: brownish. Body length: 2.90-3.20 mm (N = 3). Head ( Fig. 20B View Figure20 ): dorsal plate 0.38-0.40 mm long, 0.18-0.20 mm wide (N = 2); antennal horn 0.20-0.25 mm long (N = 3), conical, pointed, distal part longer than basal part, inner margin serrated; dorsal plate 0.20 mm long, 0.39-0.40 mm wide (N = 3), apical seta 0.05 mm long (N = 3); one upper facial horn conical, 0.07-0.11 mm long (N = 3); three lower facial horns not aligned, 0.04 mm long (N = 2); two pairs of lower facial papillae: one pair setose, the other bare; three pairs of lateral facial papillae: one pair setose,two bare;upper cephalic margin thickened laterally; face with pronounced lateral projection. Thorax: prothoracic spiracle 0.10 mm long (N = 2), as long as antennal basal width, setiform, slightly curved (N = 5) ( Fig. 20C View Figure20 ), integument wrinkled ( Fig. 20D View Figure20 ). Abdomen: segments 2-8 with transverse rows of crescent dorsal spines at basal half; posterior row with 26-30 spines in the 2 nd segment (N = 3), 24-31 in the 3 rd (N = 3), 24-29 in the 4 th (N = 3), 20-28 in the 5 th (N = 3), 20-22 in the 6 th (N = 3), 13-18 in the 7 th (N = 3), 7-10 in the 8 th (N = 3).

Larva ( Fig. 21A View Figure 21 ): Body: 2.20 mm long (N = 1); head retracted. Spatula ( Fig. 21B View Figure 21 ) quadridentate, 0.24 mm long (n = 1), lateral and mesal teeth subequal in length ( 0.02 mm long) (N = 1), lateral teeth more pointed than mesal; three setose lateral papillae on each side of spatula. Terminal segment smashed.

Gall: on fruit, globoid, green, glabrous, multichambered on Heliotropium sp. ( Heliotropiaceae ) ( Fig. 21C View Figure 21 ).

Material examined: Holotype male, BRAZIL, Rio de Janeiro, Mangaratiba, Ilha da Marambaia, Praia Grande , 16.XII.2009, A. R. Rodrigues leg. ( MNRJ-ENT1-69833 ) . Paratypes: FEMALES – Praia do Kutuca , 18.VII.2010: 2 ♀♀ ( MNRJ-ENT1-69834 , MNRJ-ENT1-69835 ) ; PUPAL EXUVIAE – same data as holotype, 1 pupal exuvia ( MNRJ-ENT1-69837 ) ; Praia do Kutuca , 18.VII.2020: 2 pupal exuviae ( MNRJ-ENT1-69838 ) ; PUPA – 1 pupa ( MNRJ-ENT1-69836 ) ; THIRD INSTAR LARVA – Praia do Kutuca , 25.II.2011: 1 larva ( MNRJ-ENT1-69839 ) .

Etymology: The species is named in honor of Dr. Roberto Xerez (Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro) responsible for collection permission in the locality-type (area of the Brazilian Navy).

Geographic distribution: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Mangaratiba municipality (Rodrigues et al., 2014).

Remarks: There is only one previously known species of Asphondylia on Heliotropiacae, A. tournefortiae Rübsaamen 1915 on Heliotropium angustiflorum (Ruiz & Pav.) Govaerts (reported as Tournefortia angustiflora Ruiz & Pav. ) and Myriopus volubilis Small (reported as T. volubilis L) from Brazil.

Adults of Asphondylia xerezi Maia , sp. nov. have longer body and shorter scape, pedicel and flagellomeres ( Table 5) than in A. tournefortiae . The larval spatula of A. xerezi is longer than in A. tournefortiae Rübsaamen, 1915 . In addition, mesal and lateral teeth are subequal in length the new species, while in A. tournefortiae mesal teeth are shorter than lateral ones ( Fig. 21B View Figure 21 × Fig. 21D View Figure 21 ).

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