Hypoctoninae Pocock, 1899

3.2.1. Key to the Identification of the Genera of Neotropical Hypoctoninae Pocock, 1899 View in CoL

Characters refer to male and female unless specified otherwise. Refer to the generic diagnoses of Wounaan and Yekuana for more extensive diagnostic character combinations. Characters yet to be confirmed but presumed to occur in R. kovariki and T. ruschii (even if confirmed in T. aff. ruschii ) are indicated by (γ) and (), respectively. The females of W. yarigui , Y. venezolensis , and Y. wanadi remain unknown.

1. Pedipalp cuticle on dorsal and retrolateral surfaces of segments entirely smooth, without minute reticulation () ( Figure 17 A View Figure 17 ); pedipalp trochanter ( ♂), proventral distal tubercle small, not enlarged () [53] (p. 20: Figure 9 View Figure 9 ); opisthosomal tergites II and III, posterior margin slightly emarginate medially (unlike tergites IV – VIII, which are linear) (); opisthosomal sternite II (genital) ( ♂), posterior margin much expanded (enlarged and lobate) and semicircular along entire margin (significantly larger than in female) () [48] (p. 112: abbs. 6,8), [53] (p. 20: Figure 13 View Figure 13 ) ...................................... Thelyphonellus Pocock, 1894

– Pedipalp cuticle on dorsal and retrolateral surfaces of segments entirely or predominantly smooth, with fine yet distinct reticulation (visible at great magnification) on segments ( Wounaan ) or chela fingers ( Ravilops , Yekuana ) (γ) ( Figures 7 View Figure 7 and 8 View Figure 8 ; [54] (p. 65: Figure 4 View Figure 4 ), [55] (p. 17: Figure 2 View Figure 2 )); pedipalp trochanter ( ♂), proventral distal tubercle moderate (about as long as broad) ( Wounaan , Yekuana wanadi ) [53] (p. 19: Figure 2 View Figure 2 ), slightly enlarged (slightly longer than broad) ( Y. venezolensis ) [54] (p. 65: Figures 1 View Figure 1 and 2 View Figure 2 ), or markedly enlarged (much longer than broad) ( Ravilops ) [55] (p. 17: Figure 2 View Figure 2 ); opisthosomal tergites II and III, posterior margin unmodified, linear (similar to tergites IV – VIII) ( Figure 5A,B View Figure 5 ; [54] (p. 65: Figure 1 View Figure 1 ), [55] (p. 19: Figure 4 A View Figure 4 )); opisthosomal sternite II (genital) ( ♂), posterior margin moderately expanded (enlarged and lobate) ( Figure 5C,D View Figure 5 and Figure 11A,B View Figure 11 ; [53] (p. 19: Figure 4 View Figure 4 ), [55] (p. 19: Figure 5 A, B View Figure 5 )) .......................................................................................................................................................... 2

2. Median sternum (mesosternum) markedly sclerotized and pigmented across entirety (not divided) ( Figures 4 D View Figure 4 and 16 F View Figure 16 ); pedipalp movable finger (tarsus) ( ♂), dorsal row of denticles with pronounced basal lobe ( Figures 8 B View Figure 8 and 17 C View Figure 17 ); opisthosomal sternite II (genital) ( ♂), posterior margin moderately expanded (enlarged and lobate) posteriorly, entirely, semicircular ( Figures 5 D View Figure 5 and 11 B View Figure 11 ) .................................................................... Yekuana , gen. n.

– Median sternum (mesosternum) markedly sclerotized and pigmented anteriorly, rest of mesosternum pale and depigmented ( Ravilops ) (γ) ( Figure 16 B View Figure 16 ), or with two markedly sclerotized and pigmented areas, anteriorly and posteriorly, separated by pale, depigmented area medially (posterior pigmented area longitudinally divided or entire) ( Wounaan ) ( Figure 16 D, E View Figure 16 ); pedipalp movable finger (tarsus) ( ♂), dorsal row of denticles with or without obsolete basal lobe ( Figures 8 A View Figure 8 and 17 B View Figure 17 ; [51] (p. 40: Figure 1 A View Figure 1 )); opisthosomal sternite II (genital) ( ♂), posterior margin moderately expanded (enlarged and lobate) and sinuous posteromedially (C and A; [53] (p. 19: Figure 4 View Figure 4 ) [55] (p. 19: Figure 5 A, B View Figure 5 )) ............................................................................................................................................................ 3

3. Carapace anteromedian surface not raised (γ) [51] (p. 40: Figure 1 B View Figure 1 ), [55] (p. 17: Figure 3 B View Figure 3 ); median sternum (mesosternum) with markedly-sclerotized and pigmented area anteriorly only, rest of mesosternum pale and depigmented (γ) ( Figure 16 B View Figure 16 ); pedipalp cuticle, dorsal and retrolateral surfaces of segments entirely smooth [55] (p. 17: Figure 2 A, B View Figure 2 ), except for chela fingers with minute reticulation (visible at great magnification) (γ); pedipalp trochanter ( ♂), principal (fourth) prodorsal tubercle spiniform, larger than other tubercles, proventral distal tubercle markedly enlarged (much longer than broad) [51] (p. 40: Figure 1 A View Figure 1 ), [55] (p. 17: Figure 2 A, B View Figure 2 ); pedipalp patellar apophysis ( ♂) slightly shorter than patella width [51] (p. 40: Figure 1 A View Figure 1 ), [55] (p. 17: Figure 2 A View Figure 2 ); pedipalp tibia (manus) ( ♂) unmodified, not dorsoventrally expanded (barrel-shaped), ventral part of retrolateral surface (i.e., retrolateral surface aligned with movable finger) unmodified, slightly convex like rest of retrolateral surface [51] (p. 40: Figure 1 A View Figure 1 ), [55] (p. 17: Figure 2 A, B View Figure 2 ); pedipalp fixed (tibial) finger ( ♂), ventral row of denticles linear in retrolateral aspect ................................................................................................... Ravilops Víquez and Armas, 2005

– Carapace with anteromedian, moderate or pronounced longitudinal raised surface (anterior to median ocular surface, different to superciliary carina) ( Figure 4 A View Figure 4 ); median sternum (mesosternum) with two markedly-sclerotized and pigmented areas, anteriorly and posteriorly, separated by pale depigmented area medially (posterior pigmented area longitudinally divided or entire) ( Figures 4 C View Figure 4 and 16 D, E View Figure 16 ); pedipalp cuticle, dorsal and retrolateral surfaces of segments predominantly smooth, but with fine yet distinct reticulation (visible at great magnification) ( Figure 7 A, C, E View Figure 7 , Figure 8 A, C, E View Figure 8 , Figures 9 A View Figure 9 and 17 B View Figure 17 ); pedipalp trochanter ( ♂), principal (fourth) prodorsal tubercle round, similar to or shorter than adjacent (third and fifth) tubercles ( Figure 7A,C View Figure 7 ; [53] (p. 19: Figures 2 View Figure 2 and 3 View Figure 3 )), proventral distal tubercle moderate (about as long as broad) [53] (p. 19: Figure 2 View Figure 2 ); pedipalp patellar apophysis ( ♂) length greater than patella width ( Figure 7E View Figure 7 ; [53] (p. 19: Figures 2 View Figure 2 and 3 View Figure 3 )); pedipalp tibia (manus) ( ♂) markedly expanded dorsoventrally (subcircular in lateral aspect, not barrel-shaped), ventral part of retrolateral surface (i.e., retrolateral surface aligned with movable finger) planar or concave ( Figure 8A,C View Figure 8 and Figure 17B View Figure 17 ; [53] (p. 19: Figures 3 View Figure 3 and 6 View Figure 6 )); pedipalp fixed (tibial) finger ( ♂), ventral row of denticles slightly or markedly sinuous in retrolateral aspect ( Figures 8 A View Figure 8 and 17 B View Figure 17 ) ................................................... Wounaan , gen. n.