Wounaan, Botero-Trujillo & Moreno-González & Prendini, 2024

3.2.2. Wounaan , gen. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4514BBD7-1F35-41EB-BB54-949080F13872

Figure 1 View Figure 1 , Figure 2 View Figure 2 , Figure 3A View Figure 3 , Figure 4A,C View Figure 4 , Figure 5A,C View Figure 5 , Figure 6A,B View Figure 6 , Figure 7A,C,E View Figure 7 , Figure 8A,C,E View Figure 8 , Figure 9A View Figure 9 , Figure 10A,C View Figure 10 , Figure 11A,C,E View Figure 11 , Figure 12A–C View Figure 12 ; Figure 13A,B View Figure 13 , Figure 16D,E View Figure 16 , Figures 17B View Figure 17 , 18C View Figure 18 and 19D View Figure 19 and Table 1 View Table 1

Type Species. Thelyphonellus vanegasae Giupponi and Vasconcelos, 2008 [= Wounaan vanegasae (Giupponi and Vasconcelos, 2008) , comb. n.], here designated.

Diagnosis. Wounaan may be separated from the other Neotropical genera of Hypoctoninae , i.e., Thelyphonellus , Ravilops , and Yekuana , as follows. The anterior margin of the carapace ( ♂) is slightly pointed or semi-elliptical in Wounaan ( Figure 4 A View Figure 4 ), whereas it is markedly pointed in Yekuana ( Figure 4 B View Figure 4 ). The fovea (at least in the ♂) is short, aligned with the trochanter of leg III, and very shallow (barely visible) to moderately shallow (distinct) in Wounaan ( Figure 4 A View Figure 4 ) but elongated, aligned with the trochanter of leg III, and slightly extending beyond it anteriorly, and deep or moderate in Thelyphonellus (at least T. amazonicus and T. aff. ruschii ) and Yekuana (e.g., Figure 4 B View Figure 4 ). The carapace of Wounaan bears a moderate to pronounced, longitudinally raised surface anteromedially ( Figure 4 A View Figure 4 ) that is absent in the other genera (e.g., Figure 4 B View Figure 4 ). The median sternum (mesosternum) of Wounaan has two markedly sclerotized and pigmented areas, anteriorly and posteriorly, separated by a pale depigmented area medially ( Figure 16 D, E View Figure 16 ), whereas the mesosternum of Yekuana is markedly sclerotized and pigmented across its entirety ( Figure 16 F View Figure 16 ), and that of Ravilops (at least R. wetherbeei ) is only markedly sclerotized and pigmented anteriorly, with the rest of the mesosternum being pale and depigmented ( Figure 16 B View Figure 16 ).

Several differences in pedipalp morphology exist between Wounaan and the other genera. The cuticle of the pedipalp dorsal and retrolateral surfaces is predominantly smooth but with fine yet distinct reticulation (visible at great magnification) in Wounaan , whereas it is entirely smooth in the other genera, except for the chela fingers, which are minutely reticulate (visible at great magnification) in Ravilops (at least R. wetherbeei ) and Yekuana . The principal (fourth) prodorsal tubercle of the pedipalp trochanter ( ♂) is similar to or shorter than the adjacent (third and fifth) tubercles in Wounaan ( Figure 7 A View Figure 7 ) but larger than the adjacent (third and fifth) tubercles in Thelyphonellus , Ravilops , and Yekuana (e.g., Figure 7 B View Figure 7 ). The proventral distal tubercle of the trochanter ( ♂) is moderately enlarged (about as long as broad) in Wounaan , markedly enlarged (much longer than broad) in Ravilops , and small and not enlarged in Thelyphonellus (at least T. amazonicus and T. aff. ruschii ). The proventral tubercle of the pedipalp femur ( ♂) is large and spiniform in Wounaan ( Figure 7 C View Figure 7 ) but moderate and subspiniform in Thelyphonellus (at least T. amazonicus and T. aff. ruschii ) and Yekuana (e.g., Figure 7 D View Figure 7 ). The pedipalp patellar apophysis ( ♂) is long, its length greater than the patella width, in Wounaan ( Figure 7 E View Figure 7 ) but moderate, its length slightly less than the patella width, in the other genera (e.g., Figure 7 F View Figure 7 ). The prolateral (anterior) margin of the patellar apophysis ( ♂) bears a row of 7–9 granules (not including the apex) in Wounaan ( Figure 7 E View Figure 7 ) compared to a row of 4–5 granules in Thelyphonellus and a row of 3–5 granules in Yekuana ( Figure 7 F View Figure 7 ). The proventral distal tubercle of the patella ( ♂) is moderate and distinct in Wounaan , whereas it is small in Thelyphonellus (at least T. amazonicus and T. aff. ruschii ) and small or obsolete in Yekuana . The pedipalp tibia (manus) ( ♂) is markedly expanded dorsoventrally (subcircular in lateral aspect, not barrel-shaped) in Wounaan ( Figure 8 A, C View Figure 8 and Figure 17 B View Figure 17 ) but unmodified and not dorsoventrally expanded (barrel-shaped) in Ravilops (at least R. wetherbeei ), Thelyphonellus , and Yekuana (e.g., Figure 8 B, D View Figure 8 and Figure 17 A, C View Figure 17 ). The proventral distal tubercle of the tibia (manus) ( ♂) is large and spiniform in Wounaan ( Figure 8 C, E View Figure 8 ) but small, rounded or subtriangular in Thelyphonellus (at least T. amazonicus and T. aff. ruschii ) and small and rounded in Yekuana ( Figure 8 F View Figure 8 ). The ventral part of the retrolateral surface of the tibia (manus) (i.e., the retrolateral surface aligned with the movable finger) ( ♂) is planar to noticeably concave in Wounaan ( Figure 8 A, C View Figure 8 and Figure 17 B View Figure 17 ), whereas it is unmodified and slightly convex, like the rest of the retrolateral surface, in Ravilops (at least R. wetherbeei ), Thelyphonellus (at least T. amazonicus and T. aff. ruschii ), and Yekuana (e.g., Figure 8 B, D View Figure 8 and Figure 17 A, C View Figure 17 ). The ventral row of denticles on the pedipalp fixed (tibial) finger ( ♂) is slightly to markedly sinuous in retrolateral aspect in Wounaan ( Figures 8 A View Figure 8 and 17 B View Figure 17 ) but linear in retrolateral aspect in Ravilops , Thelyphonellus (at least T. amazonicus and T. aff. ruschii ), and Yekuana ( Figures 8 B View Figure 8 and 17 A, C View Figure 17 ). The basal lobe of the dorsal row of denticles on the pedipalp movable finger (tarsus) ( ♂) is obsolete in Wounaan ( Figures 8 A View Figure 8 and 17 B View Figure 17 ) but pronounced in Yekuana ( Figures 8 B View Figure 8 and 17 C View Figure 17 ). The dorsal row of denticles on the tarsus ( ♂) bears a distinct, shallow distal lobe in Wounaan ( Figures 8 A View Figure 8 and 17 B View Figure 17 ) that is absent in Thelyphonellus (at least T. amazonicus and T. aff. ruschii ) and Yekuana ( Figures 8 B View Figure 8 and 17 A, C View Figure 17 ).

There are also several differences in the opisthosomal morphology between Wounaan and the other genera. Tergite I is entire, II–IV each exhibit a distinct median longitudinal suture (complete in II and III but only present anteriorly in IV), and the other tergites are undivided in Wounaan ( ♂) ( Figure 5 A View Figure 5 ), whereas tergite I is entire, II and III each exhibit a distinct median longitudinal suture (complete), IV and to a lesser extent V only exhibit a longitudinal suture anteriorly (obsolete in both), and the other tergites are undivided in Yekuana ( ♂) ( Figure 5 B View Figure 5 ); tergite I is entire, II and III each exhibit a distinct median longitudinal suture (complete), IV and to a lesser extent V–VIII only exhibit a longitudinal suture anteriorly (obsolete in all but IV), and the other tergites are undivided in Thelyphonellus (at least T. amazonicus and T. aff. ruschii ) ( ♂); and tergite I is partially divided (posteriorly only) and terminating in a triangular hyaline area, II and III each exhibit a distinct median longitudinal suture (complete), IV and to a lesser extent V only exhibit a longitudinal suture anteriorly (obsolete in both), and the other tergites are undivided in Ravilops (at least R. wetherbeei ) ( ♂). The posterior margin of sternite II (genital) ( ♂) is moderately expanded (enlarged and lobate) and sinuous posteromedially in Wounaan ( Figure 5 C View Figure 5 ) but moderately expanded (enlarged and lobate) and semicircular along the entire margin in Yekuana ( Figure 5 D View Figure 5 ) and markedly expanded (enlarged and lobate) and semicircular along the entire margin (significantly larger than in ♀) in Thelyphonellus (at least T. amazonicus and T. aff. ruschii ). The opisthosomal segment XII (distal segment of pygidium) of Wounaan bears a pair of well-developed, medium-sized dorsolateral ommatoids ( Figure 12 A, B View Figure 12 ) that are obsolete, very small and barely visible or absent in Thelyphonellus and absent in Yekuana ( Figure 12 D, E View Figure 12 ).

Etymology. The new genus is named in honor of the Wounaan (a.k.a., Wauna, Waunana, Chanco, or Noanamá), a semi-nomadic indigenous tribe inhabiting the Choco biogeographical region of Colombia. The word “ Wounaan ” in the Embera dialect means “good man, friend-people.” The name is feminine in gender.

Included Species. Wounaan , gen. n. is hereby created to accommodate two species, one of which was formerly assigned to Thelyphonellus : Wounaan vanegasae (Giupponi and Vasconcelos, 2008) , comb. n. and Wounaan yarigui , sp. n.

Distribution. Recorded in the Valle del Cauca and Santander departments of Colombia ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 ).