Salmo

Keys to species of Salmo View in CoL View Figure in West Asia

Marmara and Black Sea basins

1a - Red spots on flank absent in individuals larger than 210 mm SL; black spots on flank usually polygonal. ……………… S. abanticus

1b - Red spots on flank present in individuals of all size groups; black spots on flank roundish. ………………2

2a - Number of black spots on flank decreasing with size in male. ……………… S. rizeensis

2b - Number of black spots on flank increasing or remaining stable with size in male. ………………3

3a - Number of black spots on flank increasing by size in male; interorbital width 8–9 % SL. ……………… S. fahrettini

3b - Number of black spots on flank not increasing by size in male; interorbital width 7–8 % SL. ………………4

4a - Number of red spots on flank increasing by size in male. ……………… S. labrax

4b - Number of red spots on flank not increasing by size in male. ………………5

5a - Black spots on back and flank in females fewer than 60; adipose height 8–9 % SL; anal length in females

12–15 % SL. ……………… S. brunoi

5b - Black spots on back and flank in females more than 80; adipose height 4–8 % SL; anal length in females 14–17 % SL. ……………… Salmo sp.

Caspian Sea basin

This key allows to identify resident and Sevan trout only. Anadromous individuals (flank with numerous x-shaped black spots; a prominent hook at the tip of lower jaw in male) are all identified to S. caspius . Salmo araxensis , S. ardahanensis , and S. murathani are likely to represent resident populations of S. caspius , but the case needs to be re-examined.

1a - Flank brown, grey, yellowish or greenish; black spots usually restricted to back and upper part of flank, rarely on midlateral flank, then usually grey or pale-brown; parr marks distinct, flank with many red/orange spots in individuals smaller than 350 mm SL. ………………2 (= S. caspius )

1b - Flank silvery or grey; with many, very large black spots and/or blotches on midlateral flank in individuals of all size groups; parr marks, distinct up to about 100 mm SL; usually without red spots, red spots present in S. aestivalis (Lake Sevan). ………………4

2a - Four dark bands on flank in female larger than 230 mm SL. ……………… S. murathani

2b - No dark bands on flank in female larger than 230 mm SL. ………………3

3a - 19–21 gill rakers; 112–119 lateral-line scales; adipose almost reaching the base of caudal fin in male larger than 170 mm SL. ……………… S. ardahanensis

3b - 21–22 gill rakers; 103–114 lateral-line scales; adipose not reaching the base of caudal in male larger than 170 mm SL. ……………… S. araxensis

4a - Flank with black and red spots in all size groups. ……………… S. aestivalis

4b - Flank with black spots only, red spots in juveniles. ………………5

5a - Flank with small or middle-sized black spots, not larger than 10 mm in diameter in individuals larger than 300 mm SL. ……………… S. ischchan

5b - Flank with very large, densely set black blotches, larger than 10 mm in diameter in individuals larger than 300 mm SL. ……………… S. gegarkuni

Mediterranean basin 1a - 7–9 parr marks; no dark-brown or grey bands on flank.

……………… S. kottelati 1b - 9–13 parr marks; four dark-brown or grey bands on flank.

………………2 2a - Red spots absent on flank in individuals larger than about 70 mm SL, 21–25 gill rakers.

………………3 2b - Red spots present on flank in individuals of all size groups; 18–21 gill rakers.

………………5 3a - Head dorso-ventrally flattened; black spots absent on flank in individuals larger than 200 mm SL; 23–25 gill rakers.

……………… S. platycephalus 3b - Head not dorso-ventrally flattened; black spots present on flank in individuals of all size groups; 21–24 gill rakers.

………………4 4a - 11–12 parr marks; 14–15 scale rows between end of adipose base and lateral line; head length 25–27 % SL; caudal peduncle depth 10–11 % SL.

……………… S. labecula 4b - 9–10 parr marks; 11–13 scale rows between end of adipose base and lateral line; head length 26–30 % SL; caudal peduncle depth 9–10 % SL.

……………… S. ekmekciae 5a - 22–23 gill rakers; a large (larger than pupil) white ring around red spot.

……………… S. opimus 5b - 18–21 gill rakers; a narrow (equal or smaller than pupil) white ring around red spots.

……………… S. chilo

Euphrates and Tigris drainages 1a - 19–20 scales between lateral line and adipose; 32–35 scales rows between lateral line and dorsal origin.

……………… S. tigridis 1b - 13–17 scales between lateral line and adipose; 24–33 scales rows between lateral line and dorsal origin.

………………2 2a - Black and red spots on flank irregularly shaped.

………………3 2b - Black and red spots on flank roundish.

………………5 3a - Flank brownish; 116–123 scales along lateral line counted until end of hypural complex; 28–30 scales rows between lateral line and dorsal origin.

……………… S. munzuricus

3b - Flank silvery or grey; 103–118 scales along lateral line counted until end of hypural complex; 24–28 scales rows between lateral line and dorsal origin. ………………4

4a - Red spots on flank larger than pupil; 3–7 black spots on opercle; no black spots on top of head; 1–2 dark-brown or grey bands on posterior part of flank in individuals larger than about 230 mm SL. ……………… S. baliki

4b - Red spots on flank smaller than pupil; 8–17 black spots on opercle; 5–18 black spots on top of head; 4 dark-brown or grey bands on flank in individuals larger than about 230 mm SL. ……………… S. okumusi

5a - Few black spots on back and upper part of flank; number of black spots not increasing with size. ……………… S. euphrataeus

5b - Numerous black spots on back, middle and upper part of flank; number of black spots increasing with size. ………………6

6a. - Adipose depth 8–10 % SL in male; lateral line with 117–125 scales counted until end of hypural complex; flank brownish in life. ……………… S. trutta (based on introduced population)

6b. - Adipose depth 3–8 % SL in male; lateral line with 109–116 scales counted until end of hypural complex; flank silvery in life. ……………… S. fahrettini